The document discusses the impact of climate change, particularly in Nepal, which is among the most vulnerable countries despite contributing only 0.025% to global greenhouse gas emissions. It highlights ongoing issues such as rising temperatures, changes in rainfall patterns, and the negative effects on ecosystems, food security, and human health. Mitigation and adaptation strategies are outlined, including afforestation, renewable energy usage, and community-based adaptation plans.

1. Climate Change and
Disaster
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2. Weather: day to day
meteorological condition
Climate: is the long term
average of the weather
Climate change: change in
average rainfall or
temperature within a long
span of time due to natural
or human cause
Climate Change

3. Climate change

4. Green House Gas and Impacts
 Gases responsible for increase in temperature
and climate change
 In Kyoto protocol (1997), GHG’s comprises of
CH4(methane), N2O(nitrous oxide),CO2(carbon
dioxide),HFCs(Hydro FluoroCarbon)
,PFCs(PerFluoro Carbon),S6F(Sulphur
Hexafluoride)
 GHGs helps to keep the earth warm
 Absensce of GHGs can decrease the earth
temperature to -17°

5. Release and storage of GHG’s

6. Impacts

7.  Rise in the temperature of the atmosphere due
to the increase in the concentration of GHS
Global Warming

8. Our Earth is Suffering!!
Hot and Wet days are yet to come!

9. Change in mean temperature
IPCC,2005

10. Causes for Climate change
Industrialization
Deforestation
Use of fossil fuels

11. Other reasons
 Land use change
 Forest fire
 Volcanic eruption

12. Sources of GHG’s globally
Source:
IPCC 2007
Nepal contributes only
0.025% of global GHG’s
production
(MoPE,2004)

13. Carbon footprint of different states
192 Nepali=1 American (
Source: International
Energy agency, 2004)

14. Nepal’s Trend of increase in temperature
Nepal’s temperature within a span of 30 years has increased
0.06°C per year.( Department of Hydrology and Metrology)

15. Status of CC in Nepal
 Nepal is one of the most vulnerable (4th) countries in
terms of climate change;
 Globally Nepal emits only 0.025 percent of total GHG
emissions ;
 CC impacts both on upland and lowland ecosystem
systems, especially threatening the vital biodiversity,
water, energy and food security.
 Rapid melting of glaciers, formation of new supraglacial
lakes, expansion of existing lakes, and disappearing of
some small lakes have been noticed.

16.  Rainy days have been decreased by 0.08% each
year
 Hot days and nights are increasing
 Change in rainfall pattern
 Chances of increase number of disasters
 More impact on poor people
 Study indicates an increase in temperature at an
annual rate of 0.06c
 Over the last 100 years, the warming in the
Himalayas has been much greater than the global
average of 0.74 0C (Du et al. 2004; IPCC 2007).
Status of CC in Nepal

17. Tsho Rolpa Lake

18. Sectors affected by CC
Urban areas and
infrastructure
Forest and
biodiversity
Agriculture and food
security
Human Health
Water induced
disaster
Water sources
and energy

19. Roads
Bridges
Communication
Physical infrastructure

20. Buildings
Residential areas
Dams

21. Forest and Biodiversity
 Habitat fragmentation
 Change in habitat
 Development of Invasive alien species
 Development of insects causing diseases
 Extinction of different animals and plants
 Decrease biodiversity

22. Human health
 Famine
 Flood, landslide
 Diseases
 Food insecurity
 Negative impacts on livelihoods

23. Water induced disaster
 Flood
 Landslide
 Erosion

24. Climate Change, Land Degradation and Food Security
 Land degradation is one of the major environmental problems
in Nepal. About 28.24% total land area in the process of
desertification that has severe implication of food security;
 Extreme climate events have exacerbated incidence of
landslides, floods, soil erosion, and drought in Nepal which
has negative impacts on food production (NARC, 2010).
 Increase in atmospheric temperature caused increase in
evapotranspiration, soil erosion, landslides, floods, and
inundation of standing crops and reduction of soil fertility
(Malla, 2008),

25. Agriculture and Food Security
 Decrease in productivity
 Decrease in agricultural land
 Desertification
 Less production and income from domestic
animals
 Extinction of different crop species
 Technical failure

26. Water sources and energy
 Increase in melting of glacier and lake
 Shift of tree line
 Water sources getting dried up
 Decrease in flow of water in river channel
 Water flow increase during rainy season
 Water flow gets minimum during other season
 GLOF events

27. Benefits of CC
 In high hills, length of crop growing season may
increase and productivity may also increase
 Introduction of new crop and variety
 Higher concentration of CO2 will have a positive
effects in some crops increasing the final yield.

28. What towards CC????
Mitigation
 Decrease deforestation, encourage afforestation
 Use of renewable source of energy
 Waste management
 Eco-friendly technologies transfer
 Less use of High energy demanding vehicles

29. Adaptation
 Prioritization of vulnerable groups and formation of
community Adaptation Plan
 Shift towards Alternative livelihood activities
 Rain water harvesting, bioengineering practices
 Awareness regarding disasters due to CC ***
 Shift of crop pattern, change of breeds of crop
 Life insurance, livestock insurance, crop insurance
 Indigenous knowledge

30. CC and Disaster
 According to the United Nations International
Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR),
climate change is increasing the risk of natural
disasters, with more extreme weather events,
the wet season becoming wetter and the dry
season drier.
 Scientist around the world are using different
projection models to find the future scenarios of
temperature, precipitation, disasters etc.

31. Result of Increased GHGs’
 Increase Earth's average temperature
 Influence the patterns and amounts of precipitation
 Reduce ice and snow cover
 Raise sea level
 Increase the acidity of the oceans
 Increase the frequency, intensity, and/or duration of extreme events
 Shift ecosystem characteristics
 Increase threats to human health
 These changes will impact our food supply, water resources,
infrastructure, ecosystems, and even our own health.

32. Thank you!!!
Thank you!!!