Google's Penguin algorithm targets webspam and penalizes sites that rely too heavily on spammy link-building practices like links from known link networks, pages with an overuse of commercially valuable keywords in anchor text, or shallow content. If a site receives a Penguin penalty, they may see a sudden drop in organic traffic and should audit their links to identify and disavow any spammy links while focusing on building quality links through helpful, shareable content. The process of recovery involves link analysis, removal of unresponsive spammy links, and reforming SEO strategies to avoid outdated practices and earn links naturally through great content.