Cleopatra was an ambitious and intelligent queen of Egypt who used her charm and beauty to secure political alliances. She had romantic relationships with both Julius Caesar and Mark Antony, helping them politically but ultimately bringing about her downfall. As a female ruler, she challenged norms of her time by taking on a public leadership role traditionally held by men. She was seen as both highly sexualized yet threatening to patriarchal societies due to her power and status as a non-white woman leader.
Born in 100 BC to a patrician family in Rome, Julius Caesar rose to become a powerful politician and military leader through his accomplishments and alliance with other powerful figures. As dictator of Rome, he enacted several reforms but was assassinated in 44 BC by a group of senators led by Brutus, who feared Caesar was becoming too powerful. His death sparked another civil war as Mark Antony and Octavian fought for control of Rome.
Cleopatra VII was the last Pharaoh of Egypt, ruling from 51-30 BC. She was of Macedonian Greek descent but presented herself as Egyptian in order to gain popularity. She learned politics from her father and spoke nine languages. Cleopatra allied with Julius Caesar and Marc Antony in an attempt to maintain Egyptian independence from Rome. However, she ultimately lost the Battle of Actium against Octavian in 31 BC and committed suicide shortly after Marc Antony's death, likely using a poisonous snake.
Cleopatra was the last Egyptian queen who ruled Egypt between 69-30 BC. Although her family was Greek, she learned to speak Egyptian and several other languages. She engaged in romantic relationships with Julius Caesar and Mark Anthony, both powerful Roman leaders, to help keep Egypt independent from Rome for 20 years. However, her reign ended when she lost a battle to Caesar's heir Octavian and committed suicide, either by snake bite or poison, after her defeat.
Cleopatra VII Philopator was born in 69 BC in Egypt and died in 30 BC, likely by suicide from a snake bite. She was the last ruler of the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt and an Egyptian queen of Macedonian Greek descent. Cleopatra taught herself politics from observing her father's rule. She aspired to make Egypt as beautiful as herself and to be a better ruler than her father. Cleopatra had a son with Julius Caesar and died by suicide when her lover Mark Antony died in battle. She is credited with revolutionizing the use of makeup in Egypt.
Fall of the Roman Republic and Julius CaesarMr. Finnie
1) Julius Caesar rose to power in Rome through his military victories over Gaul which provided great wealth and a loyal army.
2) He formed an alliance called the First Triumvirate with Pompey and Crassus to consolidate their power, but civil war erupted after Crassus' death.
3) Caesar's crossing of the Rubicon river marked the beginning of open war between him and Pompey, and he went on to defeat Pompey at the Battle of Pharsalus.
4) Caesar became dictator of Rome but was assassinated on the Ides of March by a group of senators led by Cassius and Brutus, who viewed him as a threat to the Republic.
Alexander the Great conquered the largest empire in the world up to that time in just 10 years, spreading Greek culture throughout Asia and Europe. Born in Macedonia and tutored by Aristotle, Alexander took the throne at age 20 after his father Philip was assassinated. He then spent a decade expanding his empire, defeating King Darius III of Persia in multiple battles to take control of Persia. Alexander pushed his armies all the way to India before his troops refused to go further, after which he began the long journey back and died in Babylon at age 33, leaving his empire divided among his generals after his death.
Philip II expanded the power of Macedon before conquering the Greek city-states to the south. His son, Alexander the Great, then conquered Persia and extended his empire as far as India. Alexander helped spread Greek language and culture throughout his vast empire before his early death at age 32. The cause of his death remains unknown. After his death, his empire split into three kingdoms led by his generals. The city of Alexandria became a major center of commerce, science, and culture, helping to spread Hellenistic influence.
Alexander the great powerpoint (life battalesIrfan Ashraf
1) Alexander the Great conquered the massive Persian Empire through decisive victories at Issus, Tyre, Gaza, and Gaugamela.
2) He spread Greek culture and advanced learning throughout his empire, founding the important city of Alexandria in Egypt.
3) Though he pushed his army to India, defeating King Porus, his troops rebelled and refused to march further east, forcing Alexander to turn back.
Born in 100 BC to a patrician family in Rome, Julius Caesar rose to become a powerful politician and military leader through his accomplishments and alliance with other powerful figures. As dictator of Rome, he enacted several reforms but was assassinated in 44 BC by a group of senators led by Brutus, who feared Caesar was becoming too powerful. His death sparked another civil war as Mark Antony and Octavian fought for control of Rome.
Cleopatra VII was the last Pharaoh of Egypt, ruling from 51-30 BC. She was of Macedonian Greek descent but presented herself as Egyptian in order to gain popularity. She learned politics from her father and spoke nine languages. Cleopatra allied with Julius Caesar and Marc Antony in an attempt to maintain Egyptian independence from Rome. However, she ultimately lost the Battle of Actium against Octavian in 31 BC and committed suicide shortly after Marc Antony's death, likely using a poisonous snake.
Cleopatra was the last Egyptian queen who ruled Egypt between 69-30 BC. Although her family was Greek, she learned to speak Egyptian and several other languages. She engaged in romantic relationships with Julius Caesar and Mark Anthony, both powerful Roman leaders, to help keep Egypt independent from Rome for 20 years. However, her reign ended when she lost a battle to Caesar's heir Octavian and committed suicide, either by snake bite or poison, after her defeat.
Cleopatra VII Philopator was born in 69 BC in Egypt and died in 30 BC, likely by suicide from a snake bite. She was the last ruler of the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt and an Egyptian queen of Macedonian Greek descent. Cleopatra taught herself politics from observing her father's rule. She aspired to make Egypt as beautiful as herself and to be a better ruler than her father. Cleopatra had a son with Julius Caesar and died by suicide when her lover Mark Antony died in battle. She is credited with revolutionizing the use of makeup in Egypt.
Fall of the Roman Republic and Julius CaesarMr. Finnie
1) Julius Caesar rose to power in Rome through his military victories over Gaul which provided great wealth and a loyal army.
2) He formed an alliance called the First Triumvirate with Pompey and Crassus to consolidate their power, but civil war erupted after Crassus' death.
3) Caesar's crossing of the Rubicon river marked the beginning of open war between him and Pompey, and he went on to defeat Pompey at the Battle of Pharsalus.
4) Caesar became dictator of Rome but was assassinated on the Ides of March by a group of senators led by Cassius and Brutus, who viewed him as a threat to the Republic.
Alexander the Great conquered the largest empire in the world up to that time in just 10 years, spreading Greek culture throughout Asia and Europe. Born in Macedonia and tutored by Aristotle, Alexander took the throne at age 20 after his father Philip was assassinated. He then spent a decade expanding his empire, defeating King Darius III of Persia in multiple battles to take control of Persia. Alexander pushed his armies all the way to India before his troops refused to go further, after which he began the long journey back and died in Babylon at age 33, leaving his empire divided among his generals after his death.
Philip II expanded the power of Macedon before conquering the Greek city-states to the south. His son, Alexander the Great, then conquered Persia and extended his empire as far as India. Alexander helped spread Greek language and culture throughout his vast empire before his early death at age 32. The cause of his death remains unknown. After his death, his empire split into three kingdoms led by his generals. The city of Alexandria became a major center of commerce, science, and culture, helping to spread Hellenistic influence.
Alexander the great powerpoint (life battalesIrfan Ashraf
1) Alexander the Great conquered the massive Persian Empire through decisive victories at Issus, Tyre, Gaza, and Gaugamela.
2) He spread Greek culture and advanced learning throughout his empire, founding the important city of Alexandria in Egypt.
3) Though he pushed his army to India, defeating King Porus, his troops rebelled and refused to march further east, forcing Alexander to turn back.
Cleopatra VII was the last ruler of Egypt's Ptolemaic Dynasty, reigning for 21 years from 51 BC until her death in 30 BC. She was born in Egypt and became co-ruler with her brother Ptolemy XIII after their father's death. In 47 BC, Cleopatra had a son, Caesarion, with Julius Caesar during their romantic relationship. She later allied with Mark Antony and committed suicide at age 39 using an asp rather than be captured by Octavian.
Julius Caesar was a Roman general and statesman who greatly expanded the Roman Republic and was declared dictator for life in 45 BC. However, his apparent ambition for power and arrogance alienated political peers, and he was assassinated in 44 BC on the Ides of March by a group of conspirators led by Marcus Brutus and Gaius Cassius. After his death, Rome was plunged into civil war as a power struggle ensued between Caesar's adopted heir Octavian and leaders of the Senate, marking the transition from republic to empire with Octavian emerging as Rome's first emperor, Augustus.
Cleopatra was born in 69 BC in Alexandria, Egypt. She became the lover of Julius Caesar in an attempt to gain his favor after rolling herself into a carpet and presenting herself to him. She later became the lover of Mark Antony and spent a winter with him in Alexandria in 41-40 BC. In 30 BC, after multiple failed attempts to keep power, Cleopatra committed suicide by allowing an asp to bite her when she heard a false report that Mark Antony had died. Her children were taken to Rome after her death.
Julius Caesar is a Roman dictator who is assassinated by a group of conspirators led by Brutus and Cassius. They believe killing Caesar will save Rome from tyranny. However, Marc Antony gives a famous funeral speech that turns the public against the conspirators. Brutus and Cassius are later defeated at the Battle of Philippi, plunging Rome into civil war.
Philip II of Macedon built a powerful professional army and used it to conquer the disunited city-states of Greece in the late 4th century BC. After defeating Athens and Sparta, Philip formed the Corinthian League to unite Greece and prepare to invade the Persian Empire. However, Philip was assassinated in 336 BC, allowing his son Alexander to become king of Macedonia and complete Philip's plans by conquering the entire Persian Empire between 334-323 BC, spreading Greek culture across Western Asia and into India.
- Alexander the Great was a king of Macedon from 336-323 BC who conquered most of the known world at the time, including the Persian Empire and areas of India.
- He was trained by Aristotle and used innovative military tactics like the Macedonian phalanx to defeat larger Persian armies.
- By the time of his death at age 32 in Babylon, he had created one of the largest empires in history stretching from Greece to India but left no clear heir, leading to the division of his empire after his death.
The play Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare depicts the conspiracy to assassinate the Roman dictator Julius Caesar. Some Roman senators, including Brutus and Cassius, fear that Caesar desires to be king and undermine the Roman republic. They conspire to kill Caesar on the Ides of March. However, Mark Antony later turns the public against the conspirators with a stirring funeral speech praising Caesar. This leads Brutus and Cassius to raise an army to fight Antony and Octavian, culminating in their suicide after defeat at the Battle of Philippi. The play focuses on the moral dilemma of whether to kill a power-hungry leader to preserve a republic.
Alexander the Great was born in 356 BC in Pilla, Macedonia to King Philip II of Macedon and Olympias of Epirus. He was tutored at a young age and showed great skill in academics and athletics. As a military leader, Alexander conquered the vast Persian Empire and became one of the greatest military strategists in history. He married multiple wives including Roxana with whom he had a son, but died before meeting his child.
Philip II of Macedon conquered Greece and established the League of Corinth, but was assassinated in 336 BC. His son Alexander the Great, then only 20 years old, took the throne and proved himself an exceptional military leader. Alexander led his army on a campaign to invade the massive Persian Empire, defeating King Darius III in four major battles between 334-327 BC at the Granicus River, Issus, Gaugamela, and the Hydaspes River. Through these decisive victories, Alexander was able to conquer the entire Persian Empire by the age of 32, spreading Greek culture widely before his death in 323 BC from illness. His vast empire was then divided among his generals after his death.
Octavius, later known as Augustus, was Rome's first emperor who rose to power after the assassination of Julius Caesar. He formed the Second Triumvirate with Mark Antony and Lepidus to defeat Caesar's assassins. After defeating Antony in battle, Octavius consolidated control over Rome and established the Principate, where he ruled as the first emperor but allowed the senate to retain some powers. His reign from 27 BC to 14 AD marked the beginning of the Pax Romana period of peace and territorial expansion for Rome.
Alexander the Great was born in 356 BC in Pella, Macedonia. He was tutored by Aristotle and inherited a powerful army from his father, King Philip II of Macedon. By the age of 30, Alexander had conquered the entire known world from Greece to India. However, he also displayed negative personality traits such as narcissism, arrogance, and ruthlessness that caused him to commit violent acts like slaughtering prisoners and destroying cities. While admired for his military genius and leadership qualities including courage and vision, Alexander was also criticized for his ego and considered villainous by his enemies. He died at age 33 while campaigning in Mesopotamia, without designating a successor.
Gaius Julius Caesarwas a Roman general, statesman. William Shakespeare was born in 1564 Julius Caesar takes place in ancient Rome in 44 b.c., when Rome was the center of an empire stretching from Britain to North Africa and from Persia to Spain. Yet even as the empire grew stronger, so, too, did the force of the dangers threatening its existence: Rome suffered from constant infighting between ambitious military leaders and the far weaker senators to whom they supposedly owed allegiance. The empire also suffered from a sharp division between citizens, who were represented in the senate, and the increasingly underrepresented plebeian masses. A succession of men aspired to become the absolute ruler of Rome, but only Julius Caesar seemed likely to achieve this status. Those citizens who favored more democratic rule feared that Caesar’s power would lead to the enslavement of Roman citizens by one of their own. Therefore, a group of conspirators came together and assassinated Caesar. The assassination, however, failed to put an end to the power struggles dividing the empire, and civil war erupted shortly thereafter. The plot of Shakespeare’s play includes the events leading up to the assassination of Caesar as well as much of the subsequent war, in which the deaths of the leading conspirators constituted a sort of revenge for the assassination.Many feared that her death would plunge England into the kind of chaos that had plagued England during the fifteenth-century Wars of the Roses.There are over 80 different translations of his plays and poems. The number of translations of Shakespeare’s works all over the world is second only to the Bible.
Alexander the Great conquered much of the known world in just over a decade. He was tutored by Aristotle and became king of Macedonia at age 20 after his father's assassination. Alexander expanded his empire by defeating Darius III of Persia in multiple battles, conquering territories across Asia Minor and Egypt. However, his troops rebelled when he tried to push further into India, forcing a retreat. Alexander died at age 33, leaving no clear heir and resulting in his empire being divided among his generals after his death.
Alexander the Great was a student of Aristotle who became King of Macedonia at age 20 after his father Philip II was murdered. Over the next decade, Alexander conquered one of the largest empires in the ancient world by defeating Darius of Persia and expanding his empire across Asia Minor and into Egypt, Mesopotamia, and India. However, his troops rebelled and refused to advance further into India. Alexander established many new cities and spread Greek culture throughout his empire before dying mysteriously at age 33, after which his empire was divided among three of his generals.
The document provides background information on the founding and early history of Rome. It describes how, according to legend, Romulus and Remus founded Rome after being raised by a she-wolf. In reality, Rome was built between 1000-500 BC by the Latin people along the Tiber River in a strategic location. The city grew powerful under Etruscan kings but the Romans revolted in 509 BC and established a republic. The republic was ruled by consuls, senators, and citizen assemblies and expanded Rome's territory through military conquests.
Julius Caesar was a Roman general and statesman who helped transform Rome into an empire. Some of his accomplishments included being elected military tribune in 72 BC and leading the first invasion of Britain in 55 BC. As dictator, he reorganized Rome's grain distribution and founded military colonies, but his victories and honors concentrated power in himself and threatened the traditional Roman republican form of government, leading to his assassination in 44 BC by a group of senators who feared he had become too powerful.
The document provides background information on Homer's epic poem "The Iliad". It discusses the epic form, including conventions like invoking the muses, beginning the story in medias res, using stock epithets and formulaic language, and including long formal speeches. It summarizes the events that led to the Trojan War, focusing on the role of Achilles and the consequences of his rage, which is the central theme of the poem. Key elements like foreshadowing and analyzing confusing language are also discussed.
Agamemnon was the king of Mycenae and Argos who commanded the Greek forces during the Trojan War. He sacrificed his daughter Iphigenia to appease the goddess Artemis to allow the expedition to sail to Troy. During the war, he led the Greeks to several victories but faced setbacks due to conflicts with Achilles. Upon his return home, Agamemnon was murdered by his wife Clytemnestra and her lover Aegisthus, leading to further revenge killings by his son Orestes.
Growing tensions between Athens and Sparta led to the Peloponnesian War. Athens had formed an alliance known as the Delian League to dominate trading routes, growing powerful under the leadership of Pericles. As Athens took control of the league and demanded tribute, tensions increased with Sparta and member states. The war was bitterly fought for decades until Athens was defeated by a disastrous plague, a failed expedition to Sicily, and Persian support of Sparta's navy. Both city-states were weakened, allowing Thebes to gain dominance over Greece for several decades until the rise of Philip II of Macedon.
1) Cleopatra VII was born in 69 BC in Alexandria, Egypt. She came from the Ptolemaic dynasty and spoke multiple languages.
2) Cleopatra met and became the lover of Julius Caesar after being exiled from Egypt by her brother. She bore Caesar a son named Caesarion.
3) After Caesar's assassination, Cleopatra met Mark Antony and became his lover. They married and ruled Egypt and Rome jointly, angering Octavian.
Cleopatra was born in 69-68 BC and became co-regent of Egypt with her brother after her father died. She allied with Julius Caesar and bore him a son, Caesarion. After Caesar's assassination, she ruled Egypt alone until it became a Roman province under Augustus. There are several theories about how Cleopatra died, including suicide by snakebite or murder, but recent analysis of her remains suggests she likely died of starvation after a severe tooth infection prevented her from eating.
Presentacion final vida amorosa de cleopatraprofenoris
Cleopatra tuvo una vida amorosa complicada. Se casó dos veces con sus hermanos según la costumbre egipcia, pero planeó la muerte del primero para gobernar sola. Luego conoció a Julio César y tuvo un hijo con él, pero después se casó con Marco Antonio con quien tuvo tres hijos más. Su relación con Antonio llevó a Egipto a enfrentarse con Roma en una guerra que terminó con el suicidio de Cleopatra y Antonio.
Cleopatra VII was the last ruler of Egypt's Ptolemaic Dynasty, reigning for 21 years from 51 BC until her death in 30 BC. She was born in Egypt and became co-ruler with her brother Ptolemy XIII after their father's death. In 47 BC, Cleopatra had a son, Caesarion, with Julius Caesar during their romantic relationship. She later allied with Mark Antony and committed suicide at age 39 using an asp rather than be captured by Octavian.
Julius Caesar was a Roman general and statesman who greatly expanded the Roman Republic and was declared dictator for life in 45 BC. However, his apparent ambition for power and arrogance alienated political peers, and he was assassinated in 44 BC on the Ides of March by a group of conspirators led by Marcus Brutus and Gaius Cassius. After his death, Rome was plunged into civil war as a power struggle ensued between Caesar's adopted heir Octavian and leaders of the Senate, marking the transition from republic to empire with Octavian emerging as Rome's first emperor, Augustus.
Cleopatra was born in 69 BC in Alexandria, Egypt. She became the lover of Julius Caesar in an attempt to gain his favor after rolling herself into a carpet and presenting herself to him. She later became the lover of Mark Antony and spent a winter with him in Alexandria in 41-40 BC. In 30 BC, after multiple failed attempts to keep power, Cleopatra committed suicide by allowing an asp to bite her when she heard a false report that Mark Antony had died. Her children were taken to Rome after her death.
Julius Caesar is a Roman dictator who is assassinated by a group of conspirators led by Brutus and Cassius. They believe killing Caesar will save Rome from tyranny. However, Marc Antony gives a famous funeral speech that turns the public against the conspirators. Brutus and Cassius are later defeated at the Battle of Philippi, plunging Rome into civil war.
Philip II of Macedon built a powerful professional army and used it to conquer the disunited city-states of Greece in the late 4th century BC. After defeating Athens and Sparta, Philip formed the Corinthian League to unite Greece and prepare to invade the Persian Empire. However, Philip was assassinated in 336 BC, allowing his son Alexander to become king of Macedonia and complete Philip's plans by conquering the entire Persian Empire between 334-323 BC, spreading Greek culture across Western Asia and into India.
- Alexander the Great was a king of Macedon from 336-323 BC who conquered most of the known world at the time, including the Persian Empire and areas of India.
- He was trained by Aristotle and used innovative military tactics like the Macedonian phalanx to defeat larger Persian armies.
- By the time of his death at age 32 in Babylon, he had created one of the largest empires in history stretching from Greece to India but left no clear heir, leading to the division of his empire after his death.
The play Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare depicts the conspiracy to assassinate the Roman dictator Julius Caesar. Some Roman senators, including Brutus and Cassius, fear that Caesar desires to be king and undermine the Roman republic. They conspire to kill Caesar on the Ides of March. However, Mark Antony later turns the public against the conspirators with a stirring funeral speech praising Caesar. This leads Brutus and Cassius to raise an army to fight Antony and Octavian, culminating in their suicide after defeat at the Battle of Philippi. The play focuses on the moral dilemma of whether to kill a power-hungry leader to preserve a republic.
Alexander the Great was born in 356 BC in Pilla, Macedonia to King Philip II of Macedon and Olympias of Epirus. He was tutored at a young age and showed great skill in academics and athletics. As a military leader, Alexander conquered the vast Persian Empire and became one of the greatest military strategists in history. He married multiple wives including Roxana with whom he had a son, but died before meeting his child.
Philip II of Macedon conquered Greece and established the League of Corinth, but was assassinated in 336 BC. His son Alexander the Great, then only 20 years old, took the throne and proved himself an exceptional military leader. Alexander led his army on a campaign to invade the massive Persian Empire, defeating King Darius III in four major battles between 334-327 BC at the Granicus River, Issus, Gaugamela, and the Hydaspes River. Through these decisive victories, Alexander was able to conquer the entire Persian Empire by the age of 32, spreading Greek culture widely before his death in 323 BC from illness. His vast empire was then divided among his generals after his death.
Octavius, later known as Augustus, was Rome's first emperor who rose to power after the assassination of Julius Caesar. He formed the Second Triumvirate with Mark Antony and Lepidus to defeat Caesar's assassins. After defeating Antony in battle, Octavius consolidated control over Rome and established the Principate, where he ruled as the first emperor but allowed the senate to retain some powers. His reign from 27 BC to 14 AD marked the beginning of the Pax Romana period of peace and territorial expansion for Rome.
Alexander the Great was born in 356 BC in Pella, Macedonia. He was tutored by Aristotle and inherited a powerful army from his father, King Philip II of Macedon. By the age of 30, Alexander had conquered the entire known world from Greece to India. However, he also displayed negative personality traits such as narcissism, arrogance, and ruthlessness that caused him to commit violent acts like slaughtering prisoners and destroying cities. While admired for his military genius and leadership qualities including courage and vision, Alexander was also criticized for his ego and considered villainous by his enemies. He died at age 33 while campaigning in Mesopotamia, without designating a successor.
Gaius Julius Caesarwas a Roman general, statesman. William Shakespeare was born in 1564 Julius Caesar takes place in ancient Rome in 44 b.c., when Rome was the center of an empire stretching from Britain to North Africa and from Persia to Spain. Yet even as the empire grew stronger, so, too, did the force of the dangers threatening its existence: Rome suffered from constant infighting between ambitious military leaders and the far weaker senators to whom they supposedly owed allegiance. The empire also suffered from a sharp division between citizens, who were represented in the senate, and the increasingly underrepresented plebeian masses. A succession of men aspired to become the absolute ruler of Rome, but only Julius Caesar seemed likely to achieve this status. Those citizens who favored more democratic rule feared that Caesar’s power would lead to the enslavement of Roman citizens by one of their own. Therefore, a group of conspirators came together and assassinated Caesar. The assassination, however, failed to put an end to the power struggles dividing the empire, and civil war erupted shortly thereafter. The plot of Shakespeare’s play includes the events leading up to the assassination of Caesar as well as much of the subsequent war, in which the deaths of the leading conspirators constituted a sort of revenge for the assassination.Many feared that her death would plunge England into the kind of chaos that had plagued England during the fifteenth-century Wars of the Roses.There are over 80 different translations of his plays and poems. The number of translations of Shakespeare’s works all over the world is second only to the Bible.
Alexander the Great conquered much of the known world in just over a decade. He was tutored by Aristotle and became king of Macedonia at age 20 after his father's assassination. Alexander expanded his empire by defeating Darius III of Persia in multiple battles, conquering territories across Asia Minor and Egypt. However, his troops rebelled when he tried to push further into India, forcing a retreat. Alexander died at age 33, leaving no clear heir and resulting in his empire being divided among his generals after his death.
Alexander the Great was a student of Aristotle who became King of Macedonia at age 20 after his father Philip II was murdered. Over the next decade, Alexander conquered one of the largest empires in the ancient world by defeating Darius of Persia and expanding his empire across Asia Minor and into Egypt, Mesopotamia, and India. However, his troops rebelled and refused to advance further into India. Alexander established many new cities and spread Greek culture throughout his empire before dying mysteriously at age 33, after which his empire was divided among three of his generals.
The document provides background information on the founding and early history of Rome. It describes how, according to legend, Romulus and Remus founded Rome after being raised by a she-wolf. In reality, Rome was built between 1000-500 BC by the Latin people along the Tiber River in a strategic location. The city grew powerful under Etruscan kings but the Romans revolted in 509 BC and established a republic. The republic was ruled by consuls, senators, and citizen assemblies and expanded Rome's territory through military conquests.
Julius Caesar was a Roman general and statesman who helped transform Rome into an empire. Some of his accomplishments included being elected military tribune in 72 BC and leading the first invasion of Britain in 55 BC. As dictator, he reorganized Rome's grain distribution and founded military colonies, but his victories and honors concentrated power in himself and threatened the traditional Roman republican form of government, leading to his assassination in 44 BC by a group of senators who feared he had become too powerful.
The document provides background information on Homer's epic poem "The Iliad". It discusses the epic form, including conventions like invoking the muses, beginning the story in medias res, using stock epithets and formulaic language, and including long formal speeches. It summarizes the events that led to the Trojan War, focusing on the role of Achilles and the consequences of his rage, which is the central theme of the poem. Key elements like foreshadowing and analyzing confusing language are also discussed.
Agamemnon was the king of Mycenae and Argos who commanded the Greek forces during the Trojan War. He sacrificed his daughter Iphigenia to appease the goddess Artemis to allow the expedition to sail to Troy. During the war, he led the Greeks to several victories but faced setbacks due to conflicts with Achilles. Upon his return home, Agamemnon was murdered by his wife Clytemnestra and her lover Aegisthus, leading to further revenge killings by his son Orestes.
Growing tensions between Athens and Sparta led to the Peloponnesian War. Athens had formed an alliance known as the Delian League to dominate trading routes, growing powerful under the leadership of Pericles. As Athens took control of the league and demanded tribute, tensions increased with Sparta and member states. The war was bitterly fought for decades until Athens was defeated by a disastrous plague, a failed expedition to Sicily, and Persian support of Sparta's navy. Both city-states were weakened, allowing Thebes to gain dominance over Greece for several decades until the rise of Philip II of Macedon.
1) Cleopatra VII was born in 69 BC in Alexandria, Egypt. She came from the Ptolemaic dynasty and spoke multiple languages.
2) Cleopatra met and became the lover of Julius Caesar after being exiled from Egypt by her brother. She bore Caesar a son named Caesarion.
3) After Caesar's assassination, Cleopatra met Mark Antony and became his lover. They married and ruled Egypt and Rome jointly, angering Octavian.
Cleopatra was born in 69-68 BC and became co-regent of Egypt with her brother after her father died. She allied with Julius Caesar and bore him a son, Caesarion. After Caesar's assassination, she ruled Egypt alone until it became a Roman province under Augustus. There are several theories about how Cleopatra died, including suicide by snakebite or murder, but recent analysis of her remains suggests she likely died of starvation after a severe tooth infection prevented her from eating.
Presentacion final vida amorosa de cleopatraprofenoris
Cleopatra tuvo una vida amorosa complicada. Se casó dos veces con sus hermanos según la costumbre egipcia, pero planeó la muerte del primero para gobernar sola. Luego conoció a Julio César y tuvo un hijo con él, pero después se casó con Marco Antonio con quien tuvo tres hijos más. Su relación con Antonio llevó a Egipto a enfrentarse con Roma en una guerra que terminó con el suicidio de Cleopatra y Antonio.
Cleopatra VII was the last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt. She became queen in 51 BC after the death of her father, Ptolemy XII. As queen, she ruled Egypt jointly with her younger brothers Ptolemy XIII and Ptolemy XIV. She allied with Julius Caesar against her brother Ptolemy XIII, leading Ptolemy to have her expelled from Egypt. When Caesar arrived in Alexandria, Cleopatra had herself smuggled to him rolled up in a rug. They began a romantic relationship and she bore him a son, Caesarion. After Caesar's assassination, she allied with Mark Antony and bore him three children. This led Octavian to have Antony and Cleopatra defeated,
Photos: Behind the scenes Classic Hollywoodguimera
This document contains 20 black and white photographs from movie sets spanning from the 1920s to the 1990s. The photos show famous directors, producers and actors at work on set, including Alfred Hitchcock, Ingrid Bergman, Elizabeth Taylor, Marilyn Monroe, Audrey Hepburn, Fred Astaire, John Wayne, Woody Allen and Oliver Stone. The photos provide a behind-the-scenes glimpse of the filmmaking process and classic Hollywood over several decades.
The document contains a collection of behind-the-scenes photographs from famous films spanning from the 1920s to recent times. The photos show actors, directors, and crew on film sets and include images of Charlie Chaplin, Marlon Brando, Martin Scorsese, Steven Spielberg, Alfred Hitchcock, and many others working on classic films like The Godfather, Alien, Star Wars, Jaws, and E.T. Many photos depict the actors in costume or between takes as well as interactions between directors and their casts on location during production.
Cleopatra VII Filopator fue la última reina del Antiguo Egipto, reinando desde el 51 a.C. hasta su muerte en el 30 a.C. Heredó el trono a los 18 años junto a su hermano Ptolomeo XIII, con quien se casó. Más tarde se alió con Julio César y Marco Antonio de Roma para mantener su poder, teniendo hijos con ambos. Finalmente se suicidó para evitar ser capturada por Octavio después de la derrota de Marco Antonio.
The Dead Sea is located in the Jordan Rift Valley between Israel and Jordan. It is the lowest point on Earth and has extremely high salinity levels due to high evaporation and lack of outflow. Visitors cover themselves in the rich black mud from the Dead Sea, which is believed to have healing properties for skin conditions and is thought to have been used in cosmetics by Cleopatra for its rejuvenating effects.
Charlie Chaplin was a legendary comedian and filmmaker. Some of his most famous and acclaimed films from 1921-1966 include The Kid, Modern Times, City Lights, and The Great Dictator. Chaplin portrayed the iconic Little Tramp character and created comedy films that explored human emotions and provided social commentary through humor and sentimentality. On his 125th birthday, Chaplin is celebrated for revolutionizing the genre of comedy and creating timeless cinematic works.
Este documento resume la vida y el reinado de Cleopatra VII, la última reina del Egipto ptolemaico. Fue hija de padres griegos pero aprendió el idioma egipcio. Gobernó Egipto junto a sus hermanos y esposos Marco Antonio y Julio César, con quien tuvo una hijo. Finalmente se suicidó para evitar ser capturada por Octavio Augusto después de la derrota naval frente a sus fuerzas.
Charlie Chaplin foi um ator, diretor e produtor britânico que criou a personagem Charlot e se tornou famoso no cinema mudo. Ele começou sua carreira no teatro e foi contratado por Mack Sennett para trabalhar nos Estados Unidos, onde desenvolveu o personagem que o tornaria famoso. Chaplin usava suas experiências de vida para inspirar suas comédias e criticava questões sociais, como a situação dos trabalhadores. Ele teve uma carreira de sucesso no cinema mudo e continuou fazendo filmes políticos mesmo depois da era do som.
Cleopatra fue la última reina del Antiguo Egipto de la dinastía Ptolemaica. Gobernó desde el 51 a.C. hasta su muerte en el 30 a.C. Se alió con Julio César para recuperar su trono y luego tuvo dos hijos con Marco Antonio. Finalmente se suicidó por una mordedura de cobra para evitar ser capturada por sus enemigos romanos tras la derrota de Marco Antonio.
Charlie Chaplin was a pioneering icon of the silent film era, known for playing the "Little Tramp" character. He had a difficult childhood in England with a mentally ill mother before beginning his acting career at age 8. Chaplin became internationally famous after moving to the US and directing over 35 films at Keystone Studios. Throughout his career, he faced controversy over his political views and relationships, which caused issues when he traveled. Chaplin continued making films successfully until his later years, and he was honored for his contributions to film before his death in 1977 in Switzerland.
The document provides information about the Philippines, including:
- Basic facts about the country such as its location in Southeast Asia, population of over 92 million, and official languages of Tagalog and English.
- A brief history noting Spanish colonization for 300 years starting in the 16th century, then American control and Japanese occupation during WWII before independence in 1946.
- Key figures that impacted the Philippines like national hero Jose Rizal and former presidents Corazon Aquino and Benigno Aquino.
- Cultural aspects such as Filipino hospitality, world-class healthcare, Filipino foods, and sites of natural beauty, history, and tourism across the 7,000+ island nation.
The document discusses key aspects of ancient Egyptian civilization such as their dependence on the Nile River for agriculture and transportation. Egyptians developed irrigation systems and grew crops like barley and wheat. Their social hierarchy was based on wealth and occupation with the Pharaoh as the highest ruler. Religious beliefs centered around gods like Ra and Osiris and rituals like mummification of the dead to preserve bodies for the afterlife. Architectural and scientific achievements included pyramids, hieroglyphic writing, and calendar and mathematical systems.
Charlie Chaplin was a legendary British comedian and filmmaker who rose to fame in the silent film era. He drew inspiration from his mother's career in music hall and his difficult childhood. Chaplin had an extraordinary career in film, pioneering new techniques and rising to form United Artists studio with Fairbanks, Pickford, and Griffith. He won numerous awards including an honorary Oscar and was knighted for his contributions to film. Chaplin created the iconic Tramp character and is considered one of the most influential filmmakers of all time.
Cleopatra VII was the last pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. She ruled jointly with her brothers Ptolemy XIII and Ptolemy XIV at different times. Cleopatra aligned herself with Julius Caesar to secure her rule in Egypt and became his lover. She bore him a son, Caesarion. After Caesar's assassination, Cleopatra allied with Mark Antony and had three children with him. Their alliance threatened Octavian, and Antony and Cleopatra's forces were defeated by Octavian at Actium in 31 BC. Octavian pursued them to Egypt, where both Cleopatra and Antony committed suicide rather than be captured by Octavian's forces.
Cleopatra was the last Egyptian pharaoh who ruled Egypt between 69-30 BC. Though her family was Greek, she learned to speak Egyptian and nine other languages. She engaged in romantic relationships with Julius Caesar and Mark Anthony, both of whom helped keep Egypt independent from Rome for a time. After losing the Battle of Actium to Caesar's heir Octavian, Cleopatra committed suicide, either through snakebite or poison, bringing an end to pharaonic rule in Egypt.
This document discusses and compares five depictions of Cleopatra VII from antiquity and film. Roman historians like Suetonius, Cassius Dio, and Pliny portrayed her negatively as ruthless, greedy, and deceitful in an effort to undermine her power and establish Roman dominance. Modern films from 1945 and 1963 depicted her differently to appeal to audiences - the 1945 film showed her as a silly teenager controlled by men, while the 1963 film portrayed her as a sensual yet powerful queen, reflecting changing gender roles. Overall, Cleopatra has long fascinated the Western world and been represented in various, sometimes contradictory, ways that embody stereotypes about women through history.
Cleopatra was the last pharaoh of Egypt who ruled from 69 BC until her death in 30 BC. She used her intelligence and charm to form political alliances that expanded Egypt's power, including relationships with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony. However, after Antony's defeat in battle and death, Cleopatra committed suicide to avoid being captured by Octavian, cementing Rome's control over Egypt. Cleopatra was a powerful queen who strategically leveraged her strengths to influence world events, though her death marked the end of Egypt's independence.
The document summarizes Cleopatra's influence on both Roman and Egyptian societies. It discusses how Cleopatra enlisted Julius Caesar to help regain her throne in Egypt, putting into motion the deaths of Caesar and Mark Antony. It also discusses how Cleopatra's death meant the end of the Ptolemaic dynasty and Egyptian rule, paving the way for full Roman control over Egypt.
Cleopatra VII was the last pharaoh of ancient Egypt, ruling in the 1st century BC. She stabilized Egypt's economy, curbed corruption, and provided relief during a drought without any revolts. As a skilled diplomat, she allied with Julius Caesar and Marc Antony of Rome to maintain power. However, her alliance with Antony put her in conflict with Octavian, and their forces were defeated in battle. Believing Cleopatra had died, Antony committed suicide, and Cleopatra herself then took her own life rather than be captured by Octavian, bringing an end to the Ptolemaic dynasty and Egypt's independence.
Cleopatra And The Power of Seduction The Egyptian.docxmccormicknadine86
This document provides a detailed biography of Cleopatra VII, the last active ruler of Ptolemaic Egypt. It discusses how Cleopatra came to power at a young age and faced opposition from her brother Ptolemy. It describes how she formed political alliances with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony to maintain control of Egypt amid civil wars and threats from Rome. The document outlines Cleopatra's rule, during which she stabilized Egypt's economy, advanced education, and brought periods of peace and prosperity before ultimately committing suicide after her defeat in her final war against Octavian.
Cleopatra lived from 69-30 BCE and took the throne of Egypt at age 18. As queen, she faced threats of conquest from the Roman Empire but maintained Egypt's independence for 20 years through alliances with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony. Her reign ended when she and Antony were defeated by Octavian at the Battle of Actium, after which Cleopatra committed suicide. Over the centuries since her death, Cleopatra's image and legacy have been shaped in countless artistic and historical works that portray her in various lights.
Merneith was an important queen in ancient Egypt's 1st Dynasty. She was either the queen consort to King Djet or a queen regent who ruled until her son Den came of age. As a prominent royal woman, she held the title "Foremost of Women." Merneith was buried in Abydos near the tombs of her husband and son, and 41 subsidiary graves near her tomb contained the bodies of people sacrificed to accompany her in the afterlife.
Similar to Cleopatra the life of an Egyptian Queen (9)
Vellore Mutiny constitutes the first instance of an outbreak against the rules imposed by the British on the Indian sepoys predates the first sepoy mutiny of 1857
Nehru's economic policies and the challenges of globalizationDayamani Surya
Nehru's economic policies failed because he could not build institutions and organizational structures to implement his vision or policies or to mobilize the people behind them; he created no social instruments and this led to a general weakness in execution of his policies and ideas, and was a major reason for the shortcomings in the implementation of the land reforms, the execution of the Community Development programme and the management of the public sector.
A critical flaw of Nehru’s strategy of consolidation of the Indian nation, economic development and social transformation flowed from his non-adherence to the Gandhian strategy of non-violent struggle in one crucial aspect and its emphasis on the mobilization of the people.
Swami Vivekananda is regarded as one of the patron saints of Modern India. The prime disciple of 19th century Indian mystic Ramakrishna Paramhansa, he reintroduced the Indian philosophies of Vedanta and Yoga to the Western world.His message of universal brotherhood and self-awakening remains relevant and most practical especially in the current backdrop of widespread political disturbance around the world
The role of hubris that comes into play before the death of agamemnonDayamani Surya
Agamemnon's excessive pride, or hubris, preceding his death is illustrated through the speeches in the play. The chorus warns that the gods are jealous of human achievement and will bring down those who become too powerful or successful. Agamemnon's hubris is shown when he claims the gods favor only the strong. His downfall comes when his wife Clytemnestra, driven by her own grief and desire for vengeance, lures Agamemnon into a trap using hubris and has him murdered upon his return from war. His hubris in refusing warnings and not respecting the power of the gods ultimately leads to his tragic downfall.
It is interesting to note that while adhering to their Indian culture Christian marriages in India have included some of the western traditions.Indian Christian weddings in effect are totally different from what is being portrayed in films. It is assumed that the bride is mostly dressed in a gown which is not completely true. Most women prefer to wear a Banaras/designer saree/lehenga in off white/milky white colours. There are many christian brides who love to get beautiful mehendi designs done on their hands before the wedding. The sacred ritual of tying the mangalsutra takes a centre stage in an Indian Christian Wedding. In Indian Weddings, we come across a beautiful amalgamation of Indo western traditions. It is exciting to find a happy blend of two different cultures in Christian weddings of India.
Princess Esra Birgin and her tryst with HyderabadDayamani Surya
Turkey born Princess, Esra Birgin was married to Prince Mukkaram Jah. She is credited with restoration of Nizam's Palaces like Chowmohallah Palace and Falaknuma Palace.
William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon on 23rd April 1564. He was baptized on 26th April 1564. He died on the same date i.e, 23rd April in 1616. He was married to Anne Hathaway on 28th November 1582 with her he had three children , Susanna and two twins: Hamnet and Judith.
Future continuous tense is composed of helping verb "will be" + future participle.
It is used to denote action which will be taking place at some time in the future.
Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets. His sonnets talk about love, friendship etc.The sonnets to the young man express overwhelming, obsessional love. The main cause of debate has always been whether it remained platonic or became physical.The first 17 poems, traditionally called the procreation sonnets, are addressed to the young man urging him to marry and have children in order to immortalize his beauty by passing it to the next generation.Other sonnets express the speaker's love for the young man; brood upon loneliness, death, and the transience of life; seem to criticise the young man for preferring a rival poet; express ambiguous feelings for the speaker's mistress; and pun on the poet's name. The final two sonnets are allegorical treatments of Greek epigrams referring to the "little love-god" Cupid.
A couplet is mostly used by an author to provide entertainment and make the content of the speech more interesting. I believe it is inserted by Shakespeare to provide clarity to the audience as well as to provide a brief relief from some of the difficult terminology and symbolism that he uses in his plays.
Blank verse is poetry written in regular metrical but unrhymed lines, mostly in iambic pentameters.Shakespeare's standard poetic form was blank verse, composed in iambic pentameter.
A sudden feeling of knowledge that brings to light what was so far hidden and changes one’s life is called epiphany. It is a term used by James Joyce in his works : Portrait of the artist as a youngman, Dubliners.
The FUTURE PERFECT TENSE indicates that an action will have been finished at some point in the future. This tense is formed with "will" + "have" + the past participle of the verb which can be either regular or irregular in form i.e, I will have spent all my money by this time next year.
According to William Wordsworth poetry is the powerful overflow of spontaneous feelings. Wordsworth describes his main intention to write Lyrical Ballads is to choose incidents from real life and add a colour of imagination so that ordinary things may be represented in an unusual fashion.
The ancient mariner is a poem written by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. In this poem, he talks about an old sailor who happened to stop one of the three wedding guests to listen to his woeful tale. The wedding guest was bewitched by the mariner's glittering eye and he sat down to hear his narrative of his disastrous journey he undertook.
The Rape of the Lock was written by Pope to chide gently the Fermor family when Lord Petre cut off a lock of Arabella Fermor’s hair on a certain fateful day and such dire consequences followed. Pope started something that culminated into a piece of literature that has remained to this day a leading example of the mock epic satire.
The future tense describes a future event or a state of being. There are several events when we talk about the future:
-Predictions/statements of fact
-Intentions
- Arrangements
- Scheduled events
The past perfect continuous and past continuous tenses are both used to talk about actions or situations that were ongoing in the past. The past continuous simply shows continuity, while the past perfect continuous emphasizes the duration of a past activity or state, mainly used to indicate how long a past action was happening.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
7. PERSONALITY
Being ambitious and sexual, Cleopatra works hard to be
everything to nearly everyone especially those in
power. Although addicted to opium she has enough will
to set plans in motion to secure her foothold on Julius
Caesar by purposely impregnating herself before an
encounter with him to ensure a birth that she hopes
will give her political clout in Rome. Later, her alliance
with Mark Antony and her support of his conflict
with Octavian ultimately lead to her undoing.
8. Was Cleopatra beautiful?
Cleopatra was considered to be a remarkably beautiful woman which is perhaps right
because of the fact that she successfully ensnared Julius Caesar and Mark Anthony.
Plutarch contradictorily refers to the "effect of her beauty" on Caesar but then notes
that while her beauty "was in itself not altogether incomparable...the character that
attended all she said or did was something bewitching".
Dio notes that Cleopatra beautified herself when she appeared before Caesar in the
most majestic and pity-inspiring guise that Caesar was instantly captivated by her and
Mark Anthony fell in love with her at the very moment he saw her. Therefore, it can be
perceived that she must have been a charming and charismatic lady reveling in
intelligence and confident of her power.
Pascal remarked "Cleopatra's nose, had it been shorter, the whole fate of the world
would have been changed" (in the seventeenth century prominent noses were treated
as a sign of dominance).
12. STORY IN ONE GLANCE
Since it was a historical love story and more than an epic hence Shakespeare deemed it fit to be the subject of one of his
tragedies. They met in 41 B.C. amidst the turmoil in the Roman Republic; she, an Egyptian queen, seduced him, a powerful
(and already married) general, into a romantic and tenuous political alliance between their territories. The alliance would
prove sour when future emperor Octavian convinced the Roman senate that Marc Antony was power savvy and bewitched
by Cleopatra, declaring war on his former partner in 31 B.C. Both Antony and Cleopatra committed suicide during the war
rather than be captured.
22. CLEOPATRA’S CHILDHOOD
Cleopatra’s father was known as Ptolemy XII. Her
father was also known as Auletes or the Piper
because he played the flute. But the manner in
which he ruled his empire did not offer very many
benefits to the general public. This of course made
him very unpopular; however, he ensured that his
children were well taken care of in spite of his
harsh rule over his kingdom. Cleopatra studied
philosophy, literature, art, music, medicine, and
was able to speak six different languages. These
languages were Aramaic, Egyptian, Ethiopic,
Greek, Hebrew, and Latin. Being very educated,
she soon learned of all her political surroundings
and of her father’s status and power he had as
pharaoh. Because of this education and
knowledge, Cleopatra as well as her siblings,
longed to be in power and to control.
23. CLEPOPATRA TAKES THE BLAME
Cleopatra as well as her siblings, longed to be in power and to
control. Auletes would have to choose one of his children to rule
after his death. Auletes went to Rome and asked Caesar and
Pompey to recognize him as the legal ruler of Egypt. It was during
this trip that the oldest daughter, Cleopatra Tryphaina (Cleopatra’s
older sister), seized the throne. While on his way to recover his
throne, Cleopatra Tryphaina was killed and overthrown by her
sister Berenice. This proved to be a fatal mistake because she was
quickly overthrown and executed by Auletes followers . So both of
the women were killed and Auletes restored his reign. Auletes
was only to keep the throne two years after regaining it as he died
in the spring of 51 B.C. His will stated that Cleopatra, who was 18
at the time, would marry her brother Ptolemy XIII. Ptolemy XIII
was only ten years old at that time and they were to rule together.
24.
25. Cleopatra’s perfume
Cleopatra was fond of the scents of Neroli
and Rose and used their aphrodisiac qualities to a
great effect while seducing Caesar and Mark Anthony.
She favoured the goddess of love and sexuality,
Hathor, who was associated with both Myrrh and
Sandalwood. She indulged with intoxicating and
sensuous perfume which was a combination
of Neroli, Rose, Myrrh and Sandalwood to create an
aroma fit for Cleopatra herself.
26.
27.
28. She was a direct heiress, a descendant of
the Ptolemies, who became Queen of
Egypt at 17. She also spoke Greek,
Egyptian, Ethiopian, Aramaic and Hebrew,
had a lavish lifestyle, torrid romances and
family dramas to spare.
29. CLEOPATRA VII EEAUTY WITH BRAINS
It was said that Cleopatra’s intelligence far outweighed
her looks. According to Plutarch, a Greek essayist
Cleopatra was supposedly an irresistible person by her
conversation. She was a bewitching character. It was
said that she was a pleasure to be around . As a matter
of fact she did not make use of her beauty to get to the
top of the power chain but she greatly relied on her gift
of intelligence. In addition, she had to come up with a
plan to remove her ten year old brother from power.
Because her brother was only ten at the time he could
easily be influenced. However, he had three crooked
advisers at his disposal. They were Pothinus, Achillas,
and Theodotus, and all three also wanted to control
Egypt.
When Caesar who defeated his friend, became the
world’s most powerful man. Pompey and his army,
accepting defeat, sailed to Egypt seeking help. Achillas,
Pothinus, and Theodotus saw another opportunity when
Pompey arrived. They planned to murder him hoping
that this would gain Caesar’s appreciation and he would
help them wipe out Cleopatra.
30.
31. ROLE OF WOMEN IN HER TIME
At this period in time, women did not hold
positions of power and were absent from
politics. Any woman not seen playing her
“proper role” was perceived as intimidating
and as a disgrace, while men were the only
ones allowed in public affairs. Women had
to intrinsically remain in the private sector.
Therefore, men played a predominant role
in all walks of life.
32. It was inevitable for a woman
ruler like Cleopatra to have
generated peculiar tensions
within a ‘patriarchal’ society”.
In a culture dominated by men,
it is no wonder a woman ruler
caused extreme cases of
anxiety, especially for men of
the time period when women
had to remain in the private
sphere.
33.
34. Cleopatra projected her queenship as a feminized authority who proved
an enabling strategy for negating otherwise seemingly unmanageable
authorial channels. She played a crucial role to explore the increasingly
high tension that occurred due to a woman holding position when all
forms of public and domestic authority was vested in the hands of men
such as in fathers, husbands, masters, teachers, magistrates , lords and
so on and so forth. Women of her time were meant to be domestic,
taking care of the housework, husband, and children. They were subject
to abide by the unwritten laws of their culture and to remain silent and
chaste.
AS A FEMALE AUTHORITY
35. HIGHLY SEXUALIZED WOMAN RULER
While playing the role of a highly
theatrical, sexualized woman
ruler, Cleopatra violates the
European model of feminine
virtue which is otherwise
associated with purity, obedience,
and whiteness or Europeanness.
Therefore, as a powerful, non-
white Egyptian woman, Cleopatra
is viewed as threatening and as an
object of scrutiny.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41. CLEOPATRA AND JULIUS CAESAR
When Caesar announced his intention to execute
Ptolemy Auletes will (under which Cleopatra was co-
regent with Ptolemy XIII). Pothinus, the ever present
guardian of Ptolemy XIII and the real power behind his
throne, stirred the Alexandrian mob up against Caesar
but Caesar was not easily frightened. He landed with a
small force and made his way to the palace. He insisted
that Ptolemy and Cleopatra dismiss their armies and
reminded Pothinus that the heirs of Ptolemy Auletes
owed him 6000 talents (a large sum of money). Pothinus
resented any challenge to his authority (he was acting
chancellor and so controlled Egypt's finances) and was
openly rude to Caesar doing untold damage to the cause
of his ward Ptolemy. Cleopatra was determined to make
the most of Pothinus' miscalculation and managed to
arrange a secret meeting with Caesar. Plutarch tells the
famous tale of how Cleopatra was hidden in a role of
carpet or sleeping bag which was unrolled to reveal her
in all her glory..
42. ROMANCE
Whether it was the beauty of Cleopatra or the fact that
she was a direct descendant of Alexander the Great, her
courage or her charisma which charmed Caesar from this
point they became lovers.
Caesar immediately reversed the decision of Pompey and
reinstated Cleopatra as co-ruler with her brother. When
Ptolemy XIII arrived for a meeting with Caesar he found
his sister relaxing on a couch in his chambers and flew
into a fit of rage. He burst out of the palace screaming
that he had been betrayed and tried to rouse the
Alexandrian mob against Caesar and Cleopatra.
However, ever the great orator, Caesar calmed the crowd
by producing the will of Ptolemy Auletes decreeing that
the siblings should rule together and by naming their
younger siblings (Ptolemy XIV and Arsinoe) as the rulers
of Rhodes which Rome had recently recaptured).
Returning Rhodes to the Egyptians was by no means a
popular move with the Roman people, but it bought
Caesar time, ensured the gratitude of Cleopatra and
undermined the attempts of Pothinus and Ptolemy XIII to
stir up rebellion.
49. Poem on Cleopatra by Algernon Charles Swinburne
Her mouth is fragrant as a vine,
A vine with birds in all its boughs;
Serpent and scarab for a sign
Between the beauty of her brows
And the amorous deep lids divine.
Her great curled hair makes luminous
Her cheeks, her lifted throat and chin.
Shall she not have the hearts of us
To shatter, and the loves therein
To shred between her fingers thus?
Small ruined broken strays of light,
Pearl after pearl she shreds them through
Her long sweet sleepy fingers, white
As any pearl's heart veined with blue,
And soft as dew on a soft night.
As if the very eyes of love
Shone through her shutting lids, and stole
The slow looks of a snake or dove;
As if her lips absorbed the whole
Of love, her soul the soul thereof.
Lost, all the lordly pearls that were
Wrung from the sea's heart, from the green
Coasts of the Indian gulf-river;
Lost, all the loves of the world---so keen
Towards this queen for love of her.
50. You see against her throat the small
Sharp glittering shadows of them shake;
And through her hair the imperial
Curled likeness of the river snake,
Whose bite shall make an end of all.
Through the scales sheathing him like wings,
Through hieroglyphs of gold and gem,
The strong sense of her beauty stings,
Like a keen pulse of love in them,
A running flame through all his rings.
Under those low large lids of hers
She hath the histories of all time
The fruit of foliage-stricken years;
The old seasons with their heavy chime
That leaves its rhyme in the world’s ears
She sees the hand of death made bear
The ravelled riddle of the skies
The faces faded that were fair,
The mouths made speechless that were wise,
The hollow eyes and dusty hair;
The shape and shadow of mystic things,
Things that fate fashions or forbids
The staff of time-forgotten Kings
Whose name falls off the Pyramids,
Their coffin-lids and grave-clothings;
51. Dank dregs, the scum of pool or clod,
God-spawn of lizard-footed clans,
And those dog-headed hulks that trod
Swart necks of the old Egyptians,
Raw draughts of man's beginning God;
The poised hawk, quivering ere he smote,
With plume-like gems on breast and back;
The asps and water-worms afloat
Between the rush-flowers moist and slack;
The cat's warm black bright rising throat.
The purple days of drouth expand
Like a scroll opened out again;
The molten heaven drier than sand,
The hot red heaven without rain,
Sheds iron pain on the empty land.
All Egypt aches in the sun's sight;
The lips of men are harsh for drouth,
The fierce air leaves their cheeks burnt white,
Charred by the bitter blowing south,
Whose dusty mouth is sharp to bite.
All this she dreams of, and her eyes
Are wrought after the sense hereof.
There is no heart in her for sighs;
The face of her is more than love---
A name above the Ptolemies
52. Her great grave beauty covers her
As that sleek spoil beneath her feet
Clothed once the anointed soothsayer;
The hallowing is gone forth from it
Now, made unmeet for priests to wear.
She treads on gods and god-like things,
On fate and fear and life and death,
On hate that cleaves and love that clings,
All that is brought forth of man's breath
And perisheth with what it brings.
She holds her future close, her lips
Holds fast the face of things to be;
Actium, and sound of war that dips
down the blown valleys of the sea,
Far sails that flee, and storms of ships;
The laughing red sweet mouth of wine
At ending of life's festival;
That spice of cerecloths, and the fine
White bitter dust funereal
Sprinkled on all things for a sign;
His face, who was and was not he,
In whom, alive, her life abode;
The end, when she gained heart to see
Those ways of death wherein she trod,
Goddess by god, with Antony.
56. In 41 BC despite her limited finances and
famine that swept across Egypt she led
her ostentatiously equipped fleet to
impress and seduce Anthony.
57. In Antony and Cleopatra, William Shakespeare entangles
all of the anxieties held during the Elizabethan era. By
placing a high emphasis on race, female sexuality and
authority, as well as the dangerous reversal of gender
roles he reveals the cultural anguish of the time period
specially through Cleopatra. From the beginning to the
end of the play, Cleopatra struggled to succeed within a
patriarchal society which can be paralleled to the
challenges that Queen Elizabeth herself faced in her
regime. Just as Queen Elizabeth was extravagant,
Cleopatra’s theatrical nature contributed to her role as
Egyptian Queen and revealed that a woman can be a
highly intelligent, successful, strong ruler while living in a
patriarchal society
58. HIGHLY THEATRICAL
The barge she sat in like a burnished throne Burned on
the water. The poop was beaten gold, Purple the sails,
and so perfumed that The winds were lovesick with
them. The oars were Silver, Which to the tune of flutes
kept stroke, and made The water which they beat to
follow faster As amorous of their strokes. For her own
person, It beggared all description: she did lie In her
pavilion—cloth-of-gold, of tissue— O’erpicturing that
Venus where we see The fancy outwork nature. (2.2.
227-237)
ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA
Cleopatra is highly theatrical; she is therefore depicted in an extravagant fashion. This is
portrayed when Enobarbus describes Cleopatra when Antony sees her for the first time:
Shakespeare’s description of Cleopatra is nothing but simple. She is depicted as
luminous and luxurious, which parallels her as a character. She is so radiating that she is
more beautiful than any artist’s depiction of the goddess Venus. Cleopatra is revealed as
so stunning that the “fancy outwork nature” which again contrasts the natural woman
with the unnatural woman.
59. ANTONY VS CLEOPATRA
Nay but this dotage of our general’s O’erflows the measure:
those his goodly eyes,
That o’er the files and musters of the war Have glowed like
plated Mars, now bend, now turn Upon a tawny front. His
captain’s heart, Which in the scuffles of great fights hath
burst The buckles on his breast, reneges all temper, And is
become the bellows and the fan To cool a gipsy’s lust. (1.1.
1-10)
It is important that these first lines in the play are about the portrayal of both Antony
and Cleopatra, but are said by outsiders. Their romance plays a central role in the
entirety of the play, and everyone around them is involved in their personal affair. This
opening passage sets up the foundation for the rest of the play: Antony is political and
highly militarized, while Cleopatra is a highly sexualized woman in power, which
reveals her to be intimidating and living against the social and cultural standards that
have been set for the time period. According to Philo Antony instead of tending his
obligations in Rome leaves behind his Roman values and made Cleopatra a dark ruler
his primary focus.
60. PLAYS A THREATENING ROLE
Cleopatra broke the social norms by passing from the private
sphere into the public sphere, which caused others to
perceive her as much more threatening.
Cleopatra’s extravagant and theatrical nature makes her
extremely threatening to men and women. For this reason,
she goes against the social norms prevalent at that time rather
than being submissive and compliant. Cleopatra possesses
qualities that are contrary to be expected of an ideal woman.
61.
62. Cleopatra’s choice of suicide is the last
time she will exert control in a
patriarchal society. Since Caesar was set
on exploiting Cleopatra, she instead
mocks the limitations of his power by
making such a spectacle of her death
(Cook 265). She keeps her theatrics until
the final scene of the play, in which she
is speaking to Iras and Chairman and
states, “Give me my robe. Put on my
crown. I have / Immortal longings in
me” (5.2. 335-336).
Even in death she is determined to be
represented as a queen rather than an
“Egyptian puppet” (5.5. 224) which is
how Caesar would have presented her to
all of Rome.
63.
64. After two failed attempts to commit suicide “she
dressed herself in her richest attire, as was her
custom, and settled herself next to her Antony in
a sarcophagus filled with aromatic perfumes. She
then put snakes to her veins and slipped into
death as if into sleep,” wrote Florus in the second
century A.D.
65.
66. Cultural depictions
Cleopatra was regarded as a great she would more easily bring Antony to her feet. For
Caesar and Pompey had known her when she was still a girl and inexperienced in affairs, but
she was going to visit Antony at the very time when women have the most brilliant
beauty.”Later in the work, however, Plutarch indicates that "her beauty, even in the ancient
world. In his Life of Antony, Plutarch remarks beauty upon Caius Caesar and Gnaeus the son
of Pompey was in itself neither altogether incomparable, nor such as to strike those who
saw her." Rather, what ultimately made Cleopatra attractive were her wit, charm and
"sweetness in the tones of her voice.“
Cassius Dio also spoke of Cleopatra: "For she was a woman of surpassing beauty, and at that
time, when she was in the prime of her youth, she was most striking; she also possessed a
most charming voice and knowledge of how to make herself agreeable to everyone.
These accounts influenced later cultural depictions of Cleopatra, which typically present her
using her charms to influence the most powerful men in the Western world.
Cleopatra was also renowned for her intellect. Plutarch writes that she could speak at least
nine languages and rarely had need of an interpreter.
67. REFERENCES
1. Suetonius, On the Life of the Caesars, Augustus, XVII 4
2. Cleopatra: the life of an Egyptian queen By Gary Jeffrey, Anita Ganeri page
6 :” Throughout their dynasty, the Ptolemies held onto their Greek culture
and continued to speak Greek as their main language.”
3. Plutarch, Life of Antony 25-29; Appian, Civil Wars 5.8-11; Cassius
Dio, Roman History 48.24
4. Walker, Susan; Higgs, Peter (2001), Cleopatra of Egypt, From History to
Myth, British Museum Press, ISBN978-0-7141-1943-4