Introduction to gasification and its Discription

1. DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL
ENGINEERIG
GASIFICTION PROCESS FOR THE
PRODUCTION OF SyN GAS FROm
COAl

3. Primary Energy Consumption by Source in 2009-2010

4. Coal is a cheap indigenous energy
resource and, after the discovery
of175.5 billion tonnes of coal in
Thar area of Sindh, Pakistan’s coal
power potential has increased
manifold.
It is anticipated that, if properly
exploited, Pakistan’s coal
resources may generate more than
100,000 MW of electricity for the
next 30 years.

6. 6

8. An equipment used for the
gasification process. A
gasifier converts hydrocarbon
feedstock into gaseous
components by applying heat
under pressure in the
presence of steam.
A gasifier differs from a
combustor because the
amount of air or oxygen
available inside the gasifier is
carefully controlled so that
only a relatively small portion
of the fuel burns completely.
N.B

10. Conversion Process
of carbonaceous
materials into Syn
gas
OR
Clean coal
technology converts
coal into Methanol,
DME and other
valuable product
(liquid petrol, diesel
etc)
OR
Thermo chemical
conversion of solid
fuel into a
combustible product
by supply of
(oxygen ,air,
steam)
OR
Breaks down coal
into basic chemical
constituents

11. 1
PYROLYSIS
Coal heats up and
volatile materials
are removed.
Feedstock
Char + volatile
(endothermic)
3
GASIFICATION
Char reacts with
CO2 and steam to
produce Syngas
(CO,H2)
C+CO2 2CO
C+H20(Steam) CO+H2
C+2H2 CH4
2
COMBUSTION
Volatile products and
char reacts with
oxygen to form CO2 ,
CO
C+1/2O2 CO
CO+1/2O2 CO2
H2+ 1/2O2 H2O

12. FABRICATION
 SELECTION OF MATERIAL OF THE
CONSTRUCTION OF GASIFIER
 MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION
(MS CYLINDER ½” THICKNESS
 INSULATING MATERIAL(CASTABLE
REFRACTORY MATERIAL)
 K-TYPE THERMO COUPLE SENSOR
(1200 C)
 TEMPRATURE INDICATIOR(1200 C)
 SAFETY VALVE(10 PSI)
 PRESSURE GUAGE(1-100 PSI)
 GAS FLOW METER(ROTA METER)
STOICHIOMETRICAL
CALCULATONS FOR
THE MATERIAL BALANCE
AND THE ENERGY
BALANCE OF GASIFIER
DESIGNING
METHODOLOGY

13. Methan
e
Coal
Oxygen

14. • WELDING
• MOULDING
• CUTTING
• SIZING
• THREADING
• INSULATION
• SHAPING
• COLORING
• FINISHING

21. Syngas is the abbreviation for Synthesis
gas. This is a gas mixture that comprises
of Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide
and Hydrogen.
Syngas is the direct end-product of the
gasification process. Though it can be
used as a standalone fuel, the energy
density of Syngas is only about 50
percent that of natural gas and is
therefore mostly suited for use in
producing transportation fuels and other
chemical products

22. CO (Carbon Monoxide) 35 – 45%
H2 (Hydrogen) 27 – 30%
CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) 10 – 15%
H2O (Water) 15 – 25%
H2S (Hydrogen Sulfide) 0.2 – 1.2%
HCL (Hydrochloric Acid) 50 – 500 ppm

23. DEMAND
APPLICATIONS
BENEFITS

24. Wax
Gasoline
Diesel
Naptha
Olefins
Fuel
Oil
upgrade
MTBE
Olefins
gasoline
Acetic cid
formaldehyd
e
polyolefin’s
Chemicals
Chemicals Ammonia

25.  Every one knows that the main issue in
all over the world is generation and
production of energy b/c the energy
consumption rate is increased day by
day
 We know that energy can neither be
created nor be destroyed but it can be
changed from one form to an other form
 In order to handle this situation we have
must to produce some alternative fuels

26. ECONOMICAL:
It is more economical then other
fuel like di-methyl ether is produced from the syn
gas and from the calculated estimation it is found
that D.M.E is 40% is less expensive than diesel it
will perform more efficient work .it will produce
less amount of smoke when it burn

27.  DUAL PERFORMANCE:
A coal gasification power
plant, however, typically gets dual duty from the gases
it produces. First, the coal gases, cleaned of impurities,
are fired in a gas turbine - much like natural gas - to
generate one source of electricity. The hot exhaust of
the gas turbine and some of the heat generated in the
gasification process are then used to generate steam
for use in a steam turbine-generator.
 SOx , NOx and Particles:
SOx , NOx and particulate emissions are
comparable to or less than those obtained in a
using Natural Gas

28. CONCLUSIONS
 It was concluded; that, Syn gas further processing and can
be converted into the diesel and gasoline fuel. On purification
of syn gas is environmentally friendly fuel on burning it gives
less amount of pollutant gases as compared to diesel fuel.
 Syn gas does not contain sulfur and do not release sulfur
compounds on burning. NOx and particulate matter are also
very low as compared to diesel and it fulfills the requirements
of EPA.
 Syn gas has the potential as an alternate fuel in Pakistan,
because syn gas can be produced from indigenous coal of
Pakistan at large scale economically.

29.  it can be used as a substitute of natural and LPG in
Pakistan.
 It is important for Pakistan to develop process technology
for coal-based chemical products since Pakistan is a
country with abundant coal 185 billion tons, whereas lack in
oil.
 Syn gas is first obtained from coal, and then alcohol,
ether, and other chemical products are synthesized, which
is the deep processing for coal in chemical engineering.