4. Each sentence contains two events, X
and Y. Read out the sentence which
means :
X occurs at the same time as
( simultaneously with Y )
X occurs at the approximately the
same time as, or soon after , Y.
X precedes Y.
X follows Y.
Y is at the end of X.
5. Answer :
a)Before the sun appears over the horizon
occurs at the same time as the sky begins to
light
b)The light increases occurs at approximately
the same time as or soon after the sky begins
to light.
c)The sky begins to lighten precedes the light
increases.
d)The light increases follows the sky begins to
the sky.
e)The sun climbs up the sky is at the end of the
sky begins to lighten.
6. Now complete these sentences :
…… the sun rises, the air temperature rises.
……the sun reaches the highest point in the sky,
it begins to descend.
……the sun descend, the air temperature falls.
........the sun sets, it approaches the horizon.
.......the sun sets, the sky becomes completely
dark.
…...the sun sets, the day ends.
The night begins ….., the sun sets.
The night continues ……. The sun rises.
7. Answer
when the sun rises, the air temperature rises.
After the sun reaches the highest point in the
sky, it begins to descend.
if the sun descend, the air temperature falls.
At time the sun sets, it approaches the horizon.
When the sun sets, the sky becomes
completely dark.
When the sun sets, the day ends.
The night begins.when the sun sets.
The night continues until The sun rises.
8. 2. Number these events in the order in which they occur when water
is heated. Give simultaneous actions the same number
a) The water becomes hot
b) The gas is lit.
c) Bubbles appear
9. d) Steam appears
e) The gas is turned on
f) Bubbles burst
g) Bubbles rise to the surface
10. h) The water evaporate.
Now look at the two points in the example :
As soon as the gas is turned on, it is lit.
( X follows Y immediately )
11. Complete these sentences :
i)As the water evaporates ………………
j) As soon as the bubbles burst………….
k) When the bubbles rise to the surface …………
l) As soon as the gas is turned on……………
m) Before the gas is lit ………………..
n) After the water becomes hot …………
o)As soon as the bubbles appear …………….
12. Answer :
i) As the water evaporates, Bubbles rise to the
surface
j) As soon as the bubbles burst, The water
becomes hot
k) When the bubbles rise to the surface, Bubbles
burst
l) As soon as the gas is turned on, The gas is lit.
m) Before the gas is lit, The gas is turned on.
n) After the water becomes hot, The water
evaporate
o) As soon as the bubbles appear, Steam appears
13. 3. Number these events in the order in which they occur :
a) The water ceaces boiling.
b) The flame is extinguished.
c) The water starts to boil.
d) The water continues
14. f) The gas is turned off.
g) The bubbles is disappear
Now write complete sentences joining these pairs of
events and making any other necessary changes :
d + *b
*c + d
*b + a
*e + b
*a + e
*a + f
*use one of these expressions :
when
before
until
after As soon as
15. Example : as soon as the gas is turned off, the flame is
extinguished.
Answer :
1) The water continues, until the flame is extinguished.
2) after the water starts to boil, the water continues boiling.
3) As soon as the flame is extinguished, the water ceases
boiling
4) After the water starts to boil, the flame is extinguished.
5) Until the water ceases boiling, the gus is turned off.
6) When the water ceases boiling, the bubbles disappear.
16. SECTION 2 SEQUANCES
4. Look at this diagram :
Now complete this description :
A road leaves the capital at x. it goes up a mountain, along a
ridge and down the other side. It goes round a volcano, a
cross a river and over a hill. It join the road from z lake
the junction, j. it goes j a like and past a forest. It goes into
the forest and comes a the forest trough b. the road reaches
the sea out of
17. Look at the sentences :
After the road leaves the capital at x, it goes up the
mountain.
After leaving the capital at x, the road goes up the
mountain.
When the road reaches a, it goes into the forest.
On reaching a, the road goes into the forest.
Change these sentences into the second form :
a) After the road goes round the volcano, it crosses the river.
b) Before the road enters the forest
c) When the road emerges from the forest, it is near the sea.
d) After the road ascends the hill, it goes along the ridge.
e) The road continues until it reaches the sea.
f) Before it goes round the volcano, the road descends the
mountain.
g) As it goes between the hill and the lake, the road joins the road
from z. ( while going … )
h) When the road reaches the volcano, it goes round it.
i) As the road trevels from x to y . it crosses a river.
18. Answer
a) After going round the volcano, the road crosser the river.
b) Before entering the forest, the road passes the lake.
c) On reaching emerges from the forest, the road is near the
sea.
d) After ascending the hill, the road goes along the ridge.
e) Continuing until the road reaches the sea.
f) Before the road going round the volcano, it descends the
mountain.
g) As the road going between the hill and the lake, joins the
road from z. ( while going . . .)
h) On reaching the volcano, the road goes round it.
i) As the travels from x to y, the road crosser a river
19. 5. Look at this diagram :
Now write nine sentences using the opening
phrases in the diagram.
Example : after leaving the capital at a,
the railway goes pat the airport.
20. Answer :
1. On reaching x, the raiway passes the tunnel.
2. After leaving y, the railway into the slope.
3. Before descending a ridge, the railway goes
past the slope.
4. As the railway from c to j , it goes past side of
mountain.
5. On reaching j,the railway passes the lake.
6. Before crossing the lake, the railway reaches a
j.
7. While crossing the desert, the railway passes
an oasis.
8. After crossing an oasis, the railway goes up the
hill.
9. The railway continues until reaching frontier.
21. 6. Look at these sentences :
While crossing the desert, the railway passes an oasis.
The railway crosses the desert, passing an oasis.
(X is simultaneous with Y, or occurs during Y)
Now change these sentences into the second from :
a) While going through the tunnel, the railway passes under
the mountain.
b) While descending the mountain, the railway makes several
turns.
c) While passing the lake, the railway travels in a semi-circle
d) While crossing the desert, the railway passes an oasis.
e) While approaching the frontier, the railway goes over a
hills.
f) While trevelling between the mountain and the lake, the
railway joins the railway line from c.
22. Answer :
a) The railway goes through the tunnel, passing
under the mountain.
b) The railway descends the mountain, making
several turns.
c) The railway passes the lake, traveling in a
semi-circle.
d) The railway crosses the desert, passing an
oasis.
e) The railway approaches the frontier, going
over the hill.
f) The railway travels between the mountain and
the lake, joining the it line from c.
23. SECTION 3 CYCLES
7. Look and read :
Look at these examples :
Preceding actions :
Before the plant germinates, it is watered.
24. Before
Germination, the seed is watered
Prior to
Following actions :
After the plant germinates, the roots and leaves
develop.
After germination, the roots and leaves develop.
Simultaneous actions :
As the plant germinates, the seed swells.
During germination, the seed swells.
25. And this example :
After the seed is watered, germination
Now aswer these question :
a) What happens prior to germination ?
b) What occurs during growth ?
c) What happens before flowering ?
d) What takes place after pollination ?
e) What happens after the seed fall ?
f) What occurs before the plant decomposes ?
g) What occurs as the plant decomposes ?
Occurs
Takes place
26. Answer :
a) *Before germination, the seed swells.
Prior to germination, the seed swells.
b) * During growth , roots and leaves develop.
As the plant growth , roots and leaves develop
c) * Berofe flowering take places buds form roots and leaves develop.
Prior to flowering, occurs buds form roots and leaves develop.
d) * After pollination occurs formation of fruit.
After the plant pollination, take places formation of fruit.
e) * After the seeds fall, occurs death of the plant
After the seeds fall, take places death of the plant.
f) * Before the plant decomposes take places decay
Prior to decomposes occur decayed.
g) * As the plant decompose take place decomposition
During decomposing occur decomposition
27. 8. Look at this
Write a description of the cycle of events in a refrigerator.
28. Answer :
The liquid passes through an expransion, until
the pressure is reduced and crossing heat is
taken in evaporation .
When The liquid changes into gas , a
refrigerator into the gas is passed round by the
pump. As soon the gas is comperessed , until
liquefaction .
When the gas changes Into liquit, heat is given
out to the atmosphere.
30. Now write a description of the cycle by joining the correct halfsentences :
When the sun radiates heat,
As soon as the water vapour forms,
While rising,
When the vapour cools,
During condensation,
The clouds then move toward land,
When the clouds reach high land,
As the temperature falls,
On being precipitated,
After being absorbed,
soil.
until the reach high land.
rain is precipitated.
the water flows back to the
sea
the vapour cools.
it begins to rise.
clouds are formed.
it condenses.
sea water evaporates.
the air temperature falls.
the rain is absorbed by the
31. Answer
When the sun radiates heat, sea water
avaporates.
As soon as the water vapour forms it begins to
rises.
During condensation, clouds are formed.
The clouds then move towards land, the air
temperature falls.
When the vapour cools, ain is precipitated.
On being precipitated, the rain is absorbed by
the soil.
After being absorbed, the water flows back to
the sea.
32. SECTION 4 STAGES
10. Look again at the life-cycle of a plant and then read
this description :
First, the seed is sown.
Next, it is watered.
Then, the seed begins to swell.
At this stage ; germination begins.
Subsequently, the roots develop.
Meanwhile, the leaves also develop.
33. Later, flowers appear.
Then, pollination take places.
During this process, the stigma receives pollen.
Afterwards, the fruit froms.
Eventually, the plant dies.
Finally, the plant decomposes.
34. The words in italics mark stages in a process.
Now give the following :
a)A word which marks the opening, or initial stage.
b)A word which marks the last, or ultimate, stage.
c)Two word which marks next or following stages.
d)Three expressions which mark events occurring
some time letter.
e)Three expressions which mark simultaneous
events.
f) One word which mark an event occurring after a
long process
35. answer
First, the seed is swon.
Finally, the plant decomposes.
Next, it is watered
Then, the seed begins to swell.
At this stage, germination begins.
Subsequently, the roots develop.
Meanwhile, the leaves also develop.
Later, flower appear.
During this process, the stigma receives pollen.
After wards, the fruit froms
Eventually, the plant dies.
36. 11. Put these stages in the right order and the match them with the
espressions on the left :
Example : first, the site is bought.
Stages in building a house
First,
the darins are dug.
Then,
the materials are bought.
Meanwhile,
the house is painted.
Subsequently,
the walls are built.
At this stage,
the site is bought.
Next,
the site is leveled.
Afterwards,
the foundation are laid.
Then,
the house is ready to live in.
Later,
the roof is made.
Eventually,
the doors and windows are put in.
Finally,
the electricity and water systems are
installed.
37. Answer :
First, the site is bought.
Then, the site is leveled.
Meanwhile, the materials are bought
Subsequently, the darins are dug
At this stage, the foundation are laid.
Next, the walls are built.
Afterwards, the roof is made.
Then, the doors and windows are put in.
Later, the house is painted.
Eventually, the electricity and water system are installed.
Finally, the house is ready to live in.
