The document discusses different tenses used to describe past events, with examples contrasting the past simple and past perfect tenses. The past perfect is used to talk about an action that was completed before another past action, such as showing photos that had already been taken earlier. A variety of examples are provided to illustrate how the tenses can be used to sequence events and specify timing within past narratives.

1. • The universe the • What’s the weather
new past simple like today? Present
verbs perfect vs. Past
tense
Lesson 2
Lesson1
It has never
Natural
rained cats and
wonders
dogs
Lesson 4
Lesson 3 I saw something
I had never
disasters
experienced
before
• disasters • Past simple vs. past
perfect

3. the Sun the moon the Earth a partial eclipse
a shadow an orbit a total eclipse

4. Study this sentences. Complete the
explanation below.
The moon passes directly between the Sun and the Earth.
We use … before words where there is only one around us.
a. the b. the

5. a. In a solar eclipse, … passes directly between
… and … .
b. in a lunar eclipse, … passes into … ‘s shadow.

6. 1. What did people think an eclipse was in ancient times?
2. What did the ancient Chinese believe a solar eclipse was?
3. What did they do to save the Sun?
4. Why were the two brothers His and Ho killed?
5. How were they killed?
6. What did the Jamaicans refuse to do?
7. Did Columbus know there was going to be an eclipse?
8. Hoe did the Sun and Moon feel in the Amazonian myth?
9. How did the Sun and Moon do to the earth?
10. What did the gods decide?

7. • Think/ believe/ set off/ bang/ can/
save/ chop off/ decide/ refuse/ dry/
flood/ know.

8. - The shape of the Earth
- Eclipses
- The importance of the Sun
- The reason for the Moon
- The importance of the gods
- The reason for natural disasters.

9. • In the past people thought … .
• They probably thought … .
• They didn’t know … .
• They decided that … .
• They could not … .

10. The moon
The sun are in the universe.
The Earth

12. What do you think?
1. Why do British people often talk about the weather?
2. What does this expression mean a, b or c?
it is raining cats and dogs.
a. it is raining a lot. B. it is raining a little. C. it is not raining at
all.

13. Deep snow bright sun dark clouds heavy rain
a mini tornado a strong wind a clear sky thick fog

23. 1. What was the weather like yesterday?
2. What is the weather like today?
3. What will the weather be like
tomorrow?

24. How could this happen?
Nobody is sure. Perhaps this unusual rain
comes with mini tornados. They might
pass over water. And pick ip object on
their way.

25. • It was rained frogs in Scotland.
• Mrs. Kern saw hundreds of frogs on her car.
1. … is often used to announce news.
a. the present perfect b. the past simple
2. … is used to give details.
a. the present perfect b. the past simple

26. • It has rained fish. 9news headline)
• They picked up 4 kgs of fish (news in detail)

28. 1. A hurricane is … a. a huge tidal wave.
2. A flood is … b. dry weather with no rain.
3. An earthquake is … c. a storm with strong wind.
4. A heat wave is … d. heavy snow with strong winds and cold.
5. A drought is … e. a lot of water covering the land.
6. A zud is… f. a sudden violent movement of the earth’s
surface.
7. A tsunami g. very hot weather

36. a. The sun was shining.
b. The tourists were swimming while their children
were collecting sea shells.
c. Then a wave crashed onto the shore.
Which sentences above (a-c) …?
1. Showa two actions, happening at the same time.
2. Sets the scene
3. Shows what happened in the middle, to
interrupt these actions.

37. 1. We were having dinner outside when it … (start) to
rain.
2. We … (sleep) when an earthquake shook the house.
3. The day … (begin) to get hot when she (wake up)
4. My mother … (read) while my father … (watch)the
weather forecast on TV.
5. Britain was having a heat wave so people 9turn off)
their central heating.
6. It … (rain) heavily. The sky was grey and it was cold.
7. The teacher … (teach) while the students … (study).

38. Setting the scene: The sun was shining.
2 actions at a time: I was watching the elephants.
They were behaving strangely.
Interrupted the two actions: The first wave hit Thailand.

40. Told had found showed taken helped do
arrived lost bought started thinks played hidden
knew read became went stopped ran make
infinitive Past simple Past participle
(to) be Was/were been
… … …

41. .
a. We found the glasses. (…)
b. The dog had hidden them. (…)
Which happened first? (…)
Which is mentioned first? (…)

42. 1. We generally use … to talk about a completed past
actions.
a. The past perfect b. the past simple
2. We can use … to talk about a completed past action than
happened earlier.
a. the past perfect b. the past simple
3. We form the past perfect form with … +past participle.
a. Has/ have b. had

43. 1. Mum … us some photos (show).
She … earlier (take).
2. We how to watch the eclipse (know). Because
we … already … the instructions. (read)
3. Dad a … cake (eat) he earlier (make)
4. My brother … a stories (tell) which he … at
school (write)

44. Yesterday Keith went shopping…
1. Do shopping 2. go jogging 3. meet
friends

45. 4. Be an Earthquake 5. telephone his parents 6. call his
friends
7. be safe and happy

46. She had
She showed us taken the
the photos. (2) photos
before. (1)