The document summarizes two popular struggles in Nepal and Bolivia. In Nepal in 2006, a popular movement restored democracy and established a constitutional monarchy after the king had dissolved parliament. In Bolivia in 2000, mass protests forced a private company to relinquish control of Cochabamba's water supply after price hikes made it unaffordable for many residents. Both struggles saw widespread public demonstrations and mobilization that pressured the governments to concede to demands.
1) The document describes popular struggles and movements in Nepal and Bolivia that led to political changes.
2) In Nepal, a coalition of political parties called the SPA joined with Maoist groups to pressure the King to restore democracy in 2006 through mass protests and strikes.
3) In Bolivia, indigenous groups and labor unions staged protests that forced a private company to abandon control of the municipal water supply in Cochabamba after raising water prices in 2000.
The document summarizes two popular struggles in Nepal and Bolivia. In Nepal, the movement in 2006 aimed to restore democracy and regain power from the king. Mass protests involving strikes and large gatherings forced the king to concede to demands and establish an interim government. In Bolivia in 2000, a struggle emerged against the privatization of municipal water supply and the large price increases imposed by the private company. Widespread strikes and protests forced officials to cancel the contract and return water management to local control at previous prices. Both movements involved mobilizing large segments of the population and political organizations to achieve their aims through nonviolent protest.
The document summarizes two popular struggles - one in Nepal in 2006 that restored democracy, and one in Bolivia in 2000 over water privatization. In Nepal, a seven party alliance led massive protests that forced the king to concede power to an elected parliament. In Bolivia, increased water prices led to strikes and protests that forced a private company to leave and water prices to decrease. Both instances showed the power of mass mobilization and political organization to influence governments and policies.
Democratic Politics Chapter 5 Grade 10 CBSE[ Popular Struggles and Movements ]ssh09
Democratic Politics Chapter I for grade 10 i hope it is going to be more interesting and easier for the students to learn and revise. I hope students of CBSE schools will benefit across the globe.
1) In Nepal, a popular struggle in 2006 led by a 7 party alliance and joined by Maoists and other organizations, forced the king to restore parliament and seize power. This paved the way for elections for a new constituent assembly.
2) In Bolivia, a 4-day general strike protested the privatization of water supply in Cochabamba which raised water prices. The government agreed to negotiate and the multinational company fled due to public pressure. Water rates returned to previous levels.
3) Both instances involved mass mobilization, public demonstrations, and involvement of political organizations to achieve political change through popular struggle.
This document summarizes information about democracy movements in Nepal and Bolivia. In Nepal, the 2006 movement succeeded in restoring power to elected representatives and establishing a democratic system after the king had seized power. In Bolivia in 2000, a popular movement protested water price increases and succeeded in canceling contracts with foreign companies. Both movements saw initial government suppression but grew in support through mass mobilization and political organization, ultimately achieving their goals through popular struggle. The document also discusses how interest groups and movements can influence politics and democracy.
1) The document describes popular struggles and movements in Nepal and Bolivia that led to political changes.
2) In Nepal, a coalition of political parties called the SPA joined with Maoist groups to pressure the King to restore democracy in 2006 through mass protests and strikes.
3) In Bolivia, indigenous groups and labor unions staged protests that forced a private company to abandon control of the municipal water supply in Cochabamba after raising water prices in 2000.
The document summarizes two popular struggles in Nepal and Bolivia. In Nepal, the movement in 2006 aimed to restore democracy and regain power from the king. Mass protests involving strikes and large gatherings forced the king to concede to demands and establish an interim government. In Bolivia in 2000, a struggle emerged against the privatization of municipal water supply and the large price increases imposed by the private company. Widespread strikes and protests forced officials to cancel the contract and return water management to local control at previous prices. Both movements involved mobilizing large segments of the population and political organizations to achieve their aims through nonviolent protest.
The document summarizes two popular struggles - one in Nepal in 2006 that restored democracy, and one in Bolivia in 2000 over water privatization. In Nepal, a seven party alliance led massive protests that forced the king to concede power to an elected parliament. In Bolivia, increased water prices led to strikes and protests that forced a private company to leave and water prices to decrease. Both instances showed the power of mass mobilization and political organization to influence governments and policies.
Democratic Politics Chapter 5 Grade 10 CBSE[ Popular Struggles and Movements ]ssh09
Democratic Politics Chapter I for grade 10 i hope it is going to be more interesting and easier for the students to learn and revise. I hope students of CBSE schools will benefit across the globe.
1) In Nepal, a popular struggle in 2006 led by a 7 party alliance and joined by Maoists and other organizations, forced the king to restore parliament and seize power. This paved the way for elections for a new constituent assembly.
2) In Bolivia, a 4-day general strike protested the privatization of water supply in Cochabamba which raised water prices. The government agreed to negotiate and the multinational company fled due to public pressure. Water rates returned to previous levels.
3) Both instances involved mass mobilization, public demonstrations, and involvement of political organizations to achieve political change through popular struggle.
This document summarizes information about democracy movements in Nepal and Bolivia. In Nepal, the 2006 movement succeeded in restoring power to elected representatives and establishing a democratic system after the king had seized power. In Bolivia in 2000, a popular movement protested water price increases and succeeded in canceling contracts with foreign companies. Both movements saw initial government suppression but grew in support through mass mobilization and political organization, ultimately achieving their goals through popular struggle. The document also discusses how interest groups and movements can influence politics and democracy.
Nepal transitioned to democracy in 1990, though the king still held some powers. In 2001, King Birendra was killed in a family conspiracy. His successor, King Gyanendra, started reducing the power of elected governments. In 2006, a movement demanded restoring parliament and an all-party government. Mass protests forced the king to relinquish power and restore democracy.
In Bolivia, the elected government was pressured by the World Bank into privatizing water distribution in Cochabamba, increasing prices. In 2000 and again in April 2000, the people protested and succeeded in canceling the contract and restoring water distribution to local control.
Both movements saw success through mass mobilization and political organization. They demonstrate
the presentation mainly focus on democracy . must watch and tell your friends to watch..........
thiis ppt is also for class X students to explain them religion caste gender chapter from civics ncert .
the effort is to promote learning and help people know about me
jut now i m a starter but with ur hel i can grow so help me.............
This document discusses struggles and movements in Nepal and Bolivia. It provides details on the Nepalese movement to restore democracy between 2001-2006, which involved protests that ultimately forced the king to concede to demands for democratic reforms. It also describes Bolivia's water war led by the organization FEDECOR, which was a struggle over a specific water privatization policy. The document contrasts generic and issue-specific movements, and examines how pressure groups and movement groups differ in their decision making processes, organizational structures, and reliance on mass participation.
The popular movement in Nepal in April 2006 aimed to restore democracy and regain popular control over the government from the king. Nepal had transitioned to democracy in 1990, but King Gyanendra dissolved parliament in 2005 and was not willing to accept democratic rule. In response, political parties formed the Seven Party Alliance (SPA) and led large protests demanding the restoration of parliament and power to an all-party government through a new constituent assembly. Facing widespread demonstrations, the king conceded to the demands in April 2006.
10 social science_civics_popular_struggles_and_movements_key_1_engParvez Aalam
The document summarizes the establishment of democracy in Nepal through popular movements and struggles. It describes how democracy was first established in 1990, but later kings suspended it. The 2006 movement's goals were to regain popular control of government from the king and fully establish democracy. A seven party alliance organized strikes and ultimately forced the king to concede power to an interim prime minister and parliament, which established laws to reduce the king's powers. This established Nepal's second movement for democracy.
The document discusses popular struggles and movements in Nepal and Bolivia that led to democratic changes. In Nepal, a democratic system was established in 1990 but overturned by King Gyanendra in 2005. This led to widespread protests by the Seven Party Alliance and Maoists that succeeded in 2006 in establishing democracy. In Bolivia in 2000, a four-day strike protested water price increases by a multinational company, leading to martial law and ending the contract. The document argues that democratic conflicts are often resolved through mass mobilization and new political organizations, and that both the Nepalese and Bolivian movements were led by coalitions of diverse groups including political parties, unions, professionals and social groups.
The document summarizes two popular movements in Nepal and Bolivia that led to democratic reforms:
1) In 2006, Nepal experienced a popular movement to restore democracy and end the king's authoritarian rule. Multiple political parties and the Maoists organized mass protests that grew to over 300,000 people demanding a return to democracy. On April 24th, the king conceded to the protesters' demands.
2) In 2000, Bolivia saw mass protests against the privatization of water supply that increased prices dramatically. After initial negotiations failed, protests grew until the multinational corporation was forced to leave and water prices were reduced, restoring control to the local municipality.
Both movements involved large-scale, public demonstrations that
Deng Xiaoping took over as the leader of China after Mao's death in 1976. Deng introduced economic reforms allowing private enterprise and personal freedoms while maintaining political control. In 1989, the Chinese government violently suppressed pro-democracy student protests in Tiananmen Square, killing around 1,000 demonstrators. Though Deng reformed China's economy, he never allowed for political freedoms.
Mohenjo-Daro was a prosperous democracy until President Geel Budhil sent troops to fight radicals in northern India, angering the people. In the next election, Barindra H. Omkar promised much but implemented oppressive socialist policies, nationalizing industries and raising taxes. As conditions deteriorated, the people revolted and killed Omkar, abandoning Mohenjo-Daro thereafter so it fell into ruin.
The document provides an overview of sections from a chapter on the Progressive Era, including:
- Section 3 discusses William Howard Taft's presidency, noting he was more moderate than Roosevelt but continued some reforms. His conflicts with progressives over issues like tariffs weakened his support.
- Section 4 indicates that by the end of the Progressive Era, the role of the federal government had expanded to take action regulating the economy and social issues, marking a change from earlier times.
The summaries briefly outline the key topics and developments covered in the two sections about Taft's administration and the conclusion of the Progressive Era period.
Deng Xiaoping was a prominent Chinese leader who led China's economic reforms from 1978 to the early 1990s. He introduced socialist market reforms and China's opening up to the West to modernize China's economy. Key aspects of Deng's reforms included decentralizing control over local economies, implementing market incentives over political appeals, and allowing foreign investment to accelerate China's industrialization and economic growth. Deng's policies transformed China into one of the fastest growing economies in the world and established China as a global economic power.
Democratization and political parties in nepalRajeev Baiju
1) Nepal transitioned to a parliamentary democracy in 1990 after decades of authoritarian monarchy. However, a Maoist insurgency began in 1996 seeking to establish a communist republic.
2) In 2001, the king carried out a royal massacre and suspended democracy. This led to widespread protests and the abolition of the monarchy in 2008. Nepal is now a federal democratic republic.
3) Major political parties in democratic Nepal include the Nepali Congress, Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist), and Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist). They have played an important role in the transition to democracy and establishment of the current political system.
NIOS STD X 10TH, SOCIAL SCIENCE, Ch 21 political parties and pressure groupsSajina Nair
This document discusses political parties and pressure groups in India. It defines political parties as organized groups that share principles and goals to influence government through elections. Pressure groups are interest groups that specifically lobby the government to promote their interests. The document outlines the role and functions of political parties in India, including major national parties like the Indian National Congress and Bharatiya Janata Party. It also describes regional parties and examples of pressure groups in India that advocate on issues like caste, language, and civil society concerns.
Left wing extremist groups known as Naxalites pose one of the biggest security challenges in India. The Naxalite movement began in the late 1960s in the village of Naxalbari in West Bengal under leaders like Charu Mazumdar who advocated for a Maoist-inspired peasant uprising against landlords and the government. Since then, Naxalite groups have used violence in rural areas across central and eastern India in their fight for a more equal and just society for tribal and rural communities. The government has declared Naxalism a serious internal security threat and launched operations to counter the insurgency through police and paramilitary forces.
The document discusses the key aspects of political parties in India. It defines a political party as a group seeking to gain power through democratic means by fielding candidates in elections. It notes key characteristics of political parties like unity of purpose, organized system of working, and pursuing constitutional means and national interest. It also discusses the role of political parties in linking people to the government, participating in elections, and acting as an opposition. Finally, it provides overviews of some major national political parties in India like Indian National Congress, Bharatiya Janata Party, Communist Party of India, and others.
The document discusses several key aspects of the Progressive Movement in America in response to industrialization:
- Child labor, long work hours, and unsafe working conditions resulted from industrialization. The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire highlighted the unsafe conditions.
- Progressives sought reforms to protect workers, including the establishment of labor unions and strikes. New laws were passed restricting child labor and improving workplace safety.
- Women's roles began changing as household responsibilities decreased. More women became educated and entered the workforce in limited fields like teaching and nursing. The women's suffrage movement fought for women's right to vote.
The document provides background information on Naxalism in India. It begins by defining related terms like Marxism and Maoism. It then discusses the origins and key figures in the Naxalite movement. The document outlines the economic and social conditions in India's "Red Corridor" where Naxalism is most prevalent. It analyzes the political, economic, and social root causes for the rise of Naxalism and its impacts. Finally, it discusses the government's past negligence and current multi-pronged approach to addressing the issue.
The document discusses the Naxalite movement in India. It provides background on the origins of Naxalism in 1967 and describes the movement's goals of establishing a classless society and dismantling the current political system. It outlines some of the major Naxalite attacks in 2010 and lists the demands of the Naxalites, which include releasing political prisoners and recognizing tribal land rights. The document also summarizes the Indian government and Congress party's perspectives on addressing Naxalism through negotiations while tackling root causes of deprivation.
1) Naxalism originated in the late 1960s in the Indian state of West Bengal as a radical left-wing rebellion against economic and social injustice.
2) It was led by Charu Majumdar and was inspired by Maoist ideology advocating that Indian peasants and lower classes overthrow the government by force.
3) Today, Naxalite activity is reported in several eastern and central Indian states. They operate mostly in rural and tribal areas and their stated goal is to establish a classless society.
The Progressive Era saw reforms that expanded the role of the government in addressing social problems. Muckrakers highlighted issues through investigative journalism, influencing new laws around food safety and workers' rights. Reformers also aimed to make government more democratic and efficient, including by establishing non-partisan city management and tools for direct public participation like initiatives, referendums, and recalls. The era saw debates around trusts, tariffs, and monetary policy that impacted elections and split the Republican Party.
ROLE OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN PUBLIC POLICY.pptxAnanya634074
Social movements can influence public policy through protests and activism. The document discusses several social movements in India, including the Narmada Bachao Andolan against environmental and social damage from dam projects, and the 2011 Anti-Corruption Movement that pushed for stronger anti-corruption laws. It also summarizes survey results that found most people believe protests can influence policymaking and are in favor of participation in social causes, though some movements saw partial success rather than complete success in achieving their goals. Both advantages like reforming policies, and disadvantages like potential for violence in unlawful protests, are discussed.
Political parties in the United States are decentralized organizations with national, state, and local components. At the national level, each party has a national committee led by a chairperson that oversees the national convention, campaign committees, and fundraising efforts. While the President nominally leads their party, control is diffuse. Parties must satisfy a wide range of voters due to federalism and the decentralized nature of the American political system.
Nepal transitioned to democracy in 1990, though the king still held some powers. In 2001, King Birendra was killed in a family conspiracy. His successor, King Gyanendra, started reducing the power of elected governments. In 2006, a movement demanded restoring parliament and an all-party government. Mass protests forced the king to relinquish power and restore democracy.
In Bolivia, the elected government was pressured by the World Bank into privatizing water distribution in Cochabamba, increasing prices. In 2000 and again in April 2000, the people protested and succeeded in canceling the contract and restoring water distribution to local control.
Both movements saw success through mass mobilization and political organization. They demonstrate
the presentation mainly focus on democracy . must watch and tell your friends to watch..........
thiis ppt is also for class X students to explain them religion caste gender chapter from civics ncert .
the effort is to promote learning and help people know about me
jut now i m a starter but with ur hel i can grow so help me.............
This document discusses struggles and movements in Nepal and Bolivia. It provides details on the Nepalese movement to restore democracy between 2001-2006, which involved protests that ultimately forced the king to concede to demands for democratic reforms. It also describes Bolivia's water war led by the organization FEDECOR, which was a struggle over a specific water privatization policy. The document contrasts generic and issue-specific movements, and examines how pressure groups and movement groups differ in their decision making processes, organizational structures, and reliance on mass participation.
The popular movement in Nepal in April 2006 aimed to restore democracy and regain popular control over the government from the king. Nepal had transitioned to democracy in 1990, but King Gyanendra dissolved parliament in 2005 and was not willing to accept democratic rule. In response, political parties formed the Seven Party Alliance (SPA) and led large protests demanding the restoration of parliament and power to an all-party government through a new constituent assembly. Facing widespread demonstrations, the king conceded to the demands in April 2006.
10 social science_civics_popular_struggles_and_movements_key_1_engParvez Aalam
The document summarizes the establishment of democracy in Nepal through popular movements and struggles. It describes how democracy was first established in 1990, but later kings suspended it. The 2006 movement's goals were to regain popular control of government from the king and fully establish democracy. A seven party alliance organized strikes and ultimately forced the king to concede power to an interim prime minister and parliament, which established laws to reduce the king's powers. This established Nepal's second movement for democracy.
The document discusses popular struggles and movements in Nepal and Bolivia that led to democratic changes. In Nepal, a democratic system was established in 1990 but overturned by King Gyanendra in 2005. This led to widespread protests by the Seven Party Alliance and Maoists that succeeded in 2006 in establishing democracy. In Bolivia in 2000, a four-day strike protested water price increases by a multinational company, leading to martial law and ending the contract. The document argues that democratic conflicts are often resolved through mass mobilization and new political organizations, and that both the Nepalese and Bolivian movements were led by coalitions of diverse groups including political parties, unions, professionals and social groups.
The document summarizes two popular movements in Nepal and Bolivia that led to democratic reforms:
1) In 2006, Nepal experienced a popular movement to restore democracy and end the king's authoritarian rule. Multiple political parties and the Maoists organized mass protests that grew to over 300,000 people demanding a return to democracy. On April 24th, the king conceded to the protesters' demands.
2) In 2000, Bolivia saw mass protests against the privatization of water supply that increased prices dramatically. After initial negotiations failed, protests grew until the multinational corporation was forced to leave and water prices were reduced, restoring control to the local municipality.
Both movements involved large-scale, public demonstrations that
Deng Xiaoping took over as the leader of China after Mao's death in 1976. Deng introduced economic reforms allowing private enterprise and personal freedoms while maintaining political control. In 1989, the Chinese government violently suppressed pro-democracy student protests in Tiananmen Square, killing around 1,000 demonstrators. Though Deng reformed China's economy, he never allowed for political freedoms.
Mohenjo-Daro was a prosperous democracy until President Geel Budhil sent troops to fight radicals in northern India, angering the people. In the next election, Barindra H. Omkar promised much but implemented oppressive socialist policies, nationalizing industries and raising taxes. As conditions deteriorated, the people revolted and killed Omkar, abandoning Mohenjo-Daro thereafter so it fell into ruin.
The document provides an overview of sections from a chapter on the Progressive Era, including:
- Section 3 discusses William Howard Taft's presidency, noting he was more moderate than Roosevelt but continued some reforms. His conflicts with progressives over issues like tariffs weakened his support.
- Section 4 indicates that by the end of the Progressive Era, the role of the federal government had expanded to take action regulating the economy and social issues, marking a change from earlier times.
The summaries briefly outline the key topics and developments covered in the two sections about Taft's administration and the conclusion of the Progressive Era period.
Deng Xiaoping was a prominent Chinese leader who led China's economic reforms from 1978 to the early 1990s. He introduced socialist market reforms and China's opening up to the West to modernize China's economy. Key aspects of Deng's reforms included decentralizing control over local economies, implementing market incentives over political appeals, and allowing foreign investment to accelerate China's industrialization and economic growth. Deng's policies transformed China into one of the fastest growing economies in the world and established China as a global economic power.
Democratization and political parties in nepalRajeev Baiju
1) Nepal transitioned to a parliamentary democracy in 1990 after decades of authoritarian monarchy. However, a Maoist insurgency began in 1996 seeking to establish a communist republic.
2) In 2001, the king carried out a royal massacre and suspended democracy. This led to widespread protests and the abolition of the monarchy in 2008. Nepal is now a federal democratic republic.
3) Major political parties in democratic Nepal include the Nepali Congress, Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist), and Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist). They have played an important role in the transition to democracy and establishment of the current political system.
NIOS STD X 10TH, SOCIAL SCIENCE, Ch 21 political parties and pressure groupsSajina Nair
This document discusses political parties and pressure groups in India. It defines political parties as organized groups that share principles and goals to influence government through elections. Pressure groups are interest groups that specifically lobby the government to promote their interests. The document outlines the role and functions of political parties in India, including major national parties like the Indian National Congress and Bharatiya Janata Party. It also describes regional parties and examples of pressure groups in India that advocate on issues like caste, language, and civil society concerns.
Left wing extremist groups known as Naxalites pose one of the biggest security challenges in India. The Naxalite movement began in the late 1960s in the village of Naxalbari in West Bengal under leaders like Charu Mazumdar who advocated for a Maoist-inspired peasant uprising against landlords and the government. Since then, Naxalite groups have used violence in rural areas across central and eastern India in their fight for a more equal and just society for tribal and rural communities. The government has declared Naxalism a serious internal security threat and launched operations to counter the insurgency through police and paramilitary forces.
The document discusses the key aspects of political parties in India. It defines a political party as a group seeking to gain power through democratic means by fielding candidates in elections. It notes key characteristics of political parties like unity of purpose, organized system of working, and pursuing constitutional means and national interest. It also discusses the role of political parties in linking people to the government, participating in elections, and acting as an opposition. Finally, it provides overviews of some major national political parties in India like Indian National Congress, Bharatiya Janata Party, Communist Party of India, and others.
The document discusses several key aspects of the Progressive Movement in America in response to industrialization:
- Child labor, long work hours, and unsafe working conditions resulted from industrialization. The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire highlighted the unsafe conditions.
- Progressives sought reforms to protect workers, including the establishment of labor unions and strikes. New laws were passed restricting child labor and improving workplace safety.
- Women's roles began changing as household responsibilities decreased. More women became educated and entered the workforce in limited fields like teaching and nursing. The women's suffrage movement fought for women's right to vote.
The document provides background information on Naxalism in India. It begins by defining related terms like Marxism and Maoism. It then discusses the origins and key figures in the Naxalite movement. The document outlines the economic and social conditions in India's "Red Corridor" where Naxalism is most prevalent. It analyzes the political, economic, and social root causes for the rise of Naxalism and its impacts. Finally, it discusses the government's past negligence and current multi-pronged approach to addressing the issue.
The document discusses the Naxalite movement in India. It provides background on the origins of Naxalism in 1967 and describes the movement's goals of establishing a classless society and dismantling the current political system. It outlines some of the major Naxalite attacks in 2010 and lists the demands of the Naxalites, which include releasing political prisoners and recognizing tribal land rights. The document also summarizes the Indian government and Congress party's perspectives on addressing Naxalism through negotiations while tackling root causes of deprivation.
1) Naxalism originated in the late 1960s in the Indian state of West Bengal as a radical left-wing rebellion against economic and social injustice.
2) It was led by Charu Majumdar and was inspired by Maoist ideology advocating that Indian peasants and lower classes overthrow the government by force.
3) Today, Naxalite activity is reported in several eastern and central Indian states. They operate mostly in rural and tribal areas and their stated goal is to establish a classless society.
The Progressive Era saw reforms that expanded the role of the government in addressing social problems. Muckrakers highlighted issues through investigative journalism, influencing new laws around food safety and workers' rights. Reformers also aimed to make government more democratic and efficient, including by establishing non-partisan city management and tools for direct public participation like initiatives, referendums, and recalls. The era saw debates around trusts, tariffs, and monetary policy that impacted elections and split the Republican Party.
ROLE OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN PUBLIC POLICY.pptxAnanya634074
Social movements can influence public policy through protests and activism. The document discusses several social movements in India, including the Narmada Bachao Andolan against environmental and social damage from dam projects, and the 2011 Anti-Corruption Movement that pushed for stronger anti-corruption laws. It also summarizes survey results that found most people believe protests can influence policymaking and are in favor of participation in social causes, though some movements saw partial success rather than complete success in achieving their goals. Both advantages like reforming policies, and disadvantages like potential for violence in unlawful protests, are discussed.
Political parties in the United States are decentralized organizations with national, state, and local components. At the national level, each party has a national committee led by a chairperson that oversees the national convention, campaign committees, and fundraising efforts. While the President nominally leads their party, control is diffuse. Parties must satisfy a wide range of voters due to federalism and the decentralized nature of the American political system.
This document discusses gender, religion, caste, and politics in India. It outlines some of the disadvantages women face, such as lower literacy rates and fewer opportunities for higher education compared to men. It also discusses communalism and how politics based on religious or caste identities can be divisive. The document advocates for a secular state with no official religion and equal rights for all citizens regardless of faith. It analyzes how caste and religion can influence politics through the nomination of candidates and mobilization of support. Popular movements in Nepal and Bolivia are also summarized that involved mass protests achieving political change.
This document discusses gender, religion, caste, and politics in India. It outlines some of the disadvantages women face, such as lower literacy rates and fewer opportunities for higher education compared to men. It also discusses communalism and how religion can be expressed in exclusive ways in politics. The document talks about efforts to address casteism through political and social reformers. It describes how caste can take different forms in politics, such as through candidate selection and coalition building. Pressure groups and interest groups are also discussed, along with examples of popular struggles in Nepal and Bolivia that involved mass mobilization.
This document discusses various topics related to gender, religion, caste, and politics in India. It provides statistics showing disadvantages faced by women in India, such as lower literacy rates. It also discusses the relationship between religion and politics, giving examples like Gandhi's belief that politics should be guided by religious ethics. The document examines communalism and secularism in India. It analyzes how caste plays a role in politics through candidate selection and coalition building. Pressure groups and social movements are also discussed as ways to influence politics without direct participation.
This document discusses various topics related to gender, religion, caste, and politics in India. It provides information on disadvantages faced by women in India related to literacy rates, education, jobs, and discrimination. It also discusses communalism, secularism, and how caste and religion can influence politics through factors like candidate selection, coalition building, and appeals to identities. Popular struggles in Nepal and Bolivia are compared that involved mass mobilization to establish democracy and influence policies around water privatization. The roles of interest groups, pressure groups, and movements in politics are also outlined.
Political parties seek to control government through winning elections and promoting common policy goals. The main parties in the US are the Democratic and Republican parties, which are broad coalitions instead of being issue-oriented. Parties perform nominating, informing, approving, governmental, and watchdog functions. The two-party system is preserved in the US by tradition, electoral systems, and ideological consensus. Membership in parties is voluntary and composed of a cross-section of the population, though some segments tend to support one party over the other.
The document discusses the roles and influence of interest groups in the US political system. It defines interest groups as collections of people who work to shape public policy to their benefit on issues they share views on. Interest groups try to influence policymaking and public opinion through both direct lobbying of government officials and indirect grassroots efforts. They employ tactics like contributing to political campaigns, conducting propaganda, and mobilizing their members to contact elected representatives.
This document defines and discusses key concepts related to social movements. It provides definitions of social movements as forms of collective action to address shared problems, noting they have a common political agenda, visible membership, and engage in collective actions over time to pursue goals. Non-governmental organizations are distinguished as voluntary service providers, while people's organizations have membership and promote members' interests. Civil society is described as the autonomous realm between the state and private sectors. The document concludes with an example of the successful social movement that overthrew the Marcos dictatorship in the Philippines.
Texas Government Ch 6 - Special Interests Fall 2019John Seymour
This document provides an overview of interest groups and lobbying in Texas politics. It discusses theories of how interest groups operate, reasons individuals join groups, types of interest groups, activities groups engage in like lobbying and elections, and oversight of interest group activities through agencies like the Texas Ethics Commission. Scandals have led to reforms to increase transparency of interest group finances and activities.
The document proposes electoral reforms to reduce corruption in India. It suggests forming a separate body to regulate politician's activities during elections, increasing the role of the Election Commission to bar candidates with criminal cases and monitor spending, and implementing public awareness campaigns and media oversight. Other proposals include making community service and oath-taking mandatory for some candidates to improve accountability. The goal is to curb the influence of money and muscle power in elections and help clean, young leaders form transparent governments.
A look at the Anti corruption movement in India, led by Anna Hazare, the related events and results and its implications on CSOs (Civil Society Organizations) and Policy Makers.
The document discusses social welfare policy and the voluntary sector. It provides discussion questions and activities for a group about key social welfare policies over the last four decades of the 20th century and the current direction. It also discusses different structural interests within social welfare like traditional providers, welfare bureaucrats, clinical entrepreneurs, and human service executives. The document then covers topics about the voluntary sector including non-profits, the independent sector, faith-based social services, social entrepreneurship, and issues facing the voluntary sector.
This document discusses the impact of mass communication and digital media on politics and political campaigns. It provides examples of how politicians have used various media, from Obama's successful 2008 digital campaign to the role television channels have played in Indian elections. Political parties and leaders are shown to own numerous media outlets, demonstrating the close relationship between media and politics. The document concludes that new media technologies have significantly influenced politics worldwide, changing attitudes and behaviors while also promoting tolerance when used effectively.
Political parties in the United States are decentralized organizations that operate at the local, state, and national levels. They nominate candidates and attempt to influence policymaking. While the two major parties, Democrats and Republicans, dominate national politics, minor parties can still impact policy debates. However, several features of the U.S. electoral system tend to reinforce the two-party system over time.
Political parties serve several functions including recruiting and supporting candidates, educating voters, organizing the government, and linking citizens to government. There are typically one-party, two-party, or multi-party political systems. The United States has developed a stable two-party system with the Democratic and Republican parties dominating since the mid-1800s, despite parties not being mentioned in the Constitution. Over time, periods of either Democratic or Republican political control in the presidency and Congress have alternated.
Political parties play several key roles in American democracy. They nominate candidates, help present options to voters, and link the people to their government. The two major parties, Democrats and Republicans, have dominated U.S. politics for over 150 years due to factors such as the single-member district electoral system and election laws that favor the major parties. While other countries often have multi-party systems, America's "two-party system" has endured due to ideological consensus among the public and parties occupying the political center.
The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA) placed new restrictions on "soft money" donations to political parties and tightened regulation of issue advocacy advertising.
This document summarizes key aspects of American political culture and beliefs. It discusses the concepts of political culture, democratic values like majority rule and minority rights, and the process of political socialization where citizens develop political identities. It also outlines the major agents of socialization like family, schools, media and demographic factors. Finally, it compares aspects of the American political and economic systems to other nations like Sweden.
Similar to Classx politicalscience-5popularstrugglesandmovements-150701034114-lva1-app6891 (20)
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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Chapter 4
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Chapter 6
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2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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3. Popular Struggles in Nepal and Bolivia
• Nepal witnessed an extraordinary popular
movement in April 2006. The movement was
aimed at restoring democracy.
• Although the king formally remained the head
of the state, the real power was exercised by
popularly elected representatives.
• King Birendra, who accepted this transition
from absolute Monarchy to Constitutional
Monarchy, was killed in a mysterious massacre
of the Royal Family.
2 July 2017 3sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com
5. 2 July 2017 sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com 5
King Birendra
6. • King Gyanendra, the new King of Nepal was
not prepared to accept democratic rule.
• He took advantage of the weakness and
unpopularity of the democratically elected
government and in February 2005, dismissed
the then Prime Minister ad dissolved the
popularly elected parliament.
• The movement of April 2006 was aimed at
regaining popular control over government
from the king.
2 July 2017 6sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com
8. • All the major political parties in the parliament
formed a Seven Party Alliance (SPA) and
called for a four day strike in Katmandu.
• This protest soon turned into a indefinite strike
in which MAOISTS insurgents and various
other organizations joined hands.
• People defied curfew and took to the streets.
• The number of protestors reached between
three to five lakhs on 21st April and they
served an ultimatum to the king.
2 July 2017 8sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com
9. • The leaders of the movement rejected the half
hearted concessions made by the king.
• They stuck to their demands for the restoration
of parliament, power to an all party
government and a new constituent assembly.
• On 24th April 2006, the last day of the
ultimatum, the king was forced to concede all
the three demands.
• The SPA choose Girija Prasad Koirala as the
new Prime Minister of the interim government.
2 July 2017 9sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com
10. • The restored parliament met and passed laws
taking away most of the powers of the king.
• The SPA and the Moist came to an
understanding about how the new Constituent
Assembly was going to be elected.
• This struggle came ot be known as Nepal’s
Second Movement for democracy.
• The struggle of the Nepali people is a source
of inspiration to democrats al over the world.
2 July 2017 10sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com
11. Bolivia Water War
• Bolivia is a poor country in Latin America.
The world bank pressurised the government to
give up its control of municipal water supply.
• The government sold these rights for the city
of Cochabamba to a Multinational Company
(MNC).
• The company immediately increased the price
of water by four times.
• Many people received monthly water bill or
Rs. 1000 in a country where average income is
around Rs. 5000 a month.
• This led to spontaneous popular protest.2 July 2017 sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com 11
13. • In January, 2000, a new alliance of labour,
human rights and community leaders
organised a successful four day general strike
in the city.
• The government agreed to negotiate and the
strike was called off, yet nothing happened.
• The police resorted to brutal repression with
the agitation was started again in February.
• Another strike followed in April and the
government imposed martial law. But the
power of the people forced the MNC official to
flee the city and made government concede to
all the demands of the protestor.2 July 2017 sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com 13
15. DEMOCRACY AND POPULAR
STRUGGLE
Differences
• The movement in Nepal was to establish
democracy, while the struggle in Bolivia
involved claims on an elected democratic
government.
• The popular struggle in Bolivia was about one
specific policy while the struggle in Nepal was
about the foundation of the country's politics.
• Both these struggles were successful but their
impact was at different levels.
2 July 2017 sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com 15
16. Similarities
• Both these are instances of political
conflict that led to popular struggle.
• In both cases the struggle involved mass
mobilisation , Public demonstration and
mass support clinched the dispute.
• Both instances involved critical role of
political organisation.
2 July 2017 sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com 16
17. • Democracy evolves through popular struggles.
• It is possible that some significant decisions may
take place through consensus and may not involve
any conflict but that would be an exception.
• Democratic conflict is resolved through mass
mobilisation.
• Sometimes it is possible that the conflict is
resolved by using the existing institutions like the
parliament or the judiciary.
• Bu, when there is a deep dispute, very often these
institutions themselves get involved in the
dispute, the resolution then has to come from
outside from the people.
2 July 2017 sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com 17
18. Mobilisation and Organisations
Nepal
• The struggle in Nepal involved many
organisations other than political parties.
• All the major labour unions and there federations
joined the movement.
• Many other organisations of the indigenous
people, teachers, lawyers and human rights
groups extended support to the movement.
2 July 2017 sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com 18
19. Bolivia
• The protest against water privitisation in Bolivia
was not led by any political party. It was led by an
organisation called FEDECOR.
• This organisation comprised local professionals,
including engineers, environmentalists.
• They were supported by a federation of farmers
who relied on irrigation, the confederation of
factory workers’ unions, middle class students
form the university of Cochabamba ad the city’s
growing population of homeless street children.
• The movement was supported by the Socialist
Party2 July 2017 sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com 19
21. From both these example we can infer that :
• In a democracy several different kinds of
organisations work behind any big struggle.
• These organisations play their role in different
ways
a) It influences the decision making in a
democracy.
b) This is done by creating parties, contesting
election and forming governments.
But every citizen does not participate so directly,
they may have the desire, the need or the skills to
take part in direct political activity than voting
2 July 2017 sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com 21
22. • There are many indirect ways in which can
people can get governments to listen to their
demands or their point of view.
• They could do so by forming an organisation
and undertaking activities to promote their
interest or their viewpoints.
• These are called interest groups or pressure
groups.
• Sometimes people decide to act together
without forming organisations
2 July 2017 sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com 22
24. Pressure Groups
• Pressure groups are organisations that attempts
to influence government policies.
• Unlike political parties pressure groups do not
aim to directly control or share political power.
• These organisations are formed when people
with common interests, occupation aspirations
or opinions come together in order to achieve a
common objective.
2 July 2017 sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com 24
25. Movement
• A movement also attempts to influence politics
rather than directly take part in electoral
competition.
• Unlike pressure groups, movements have a
loose organisation
• Their decision making is more flexible and
informal
• They depend much more on spontaneous
participation than an interest group.
2 July 2017 sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com 25
26. Examples of
Movements
•Narmada Bachao Andolan
•Right to Information
•Anti-liquor Movement
•Women’s Movement
•Environmental Movement
2 July 2017 sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com 26
30. Sectional Interest Groups …
• Usually interest groups seek to promote the
interests of a particular section or group of
society.
• Trade unions, business associations and
professional (lawyers, doctors, teachers etc)
bodies are some examples.
• They are sectional because they represent a
section: workers, employees, business-persons,
industrialists, followers of a religion, caste group
etc.
• Their principal concern is the betterment and well
being of their members not society in general.
2 July 2017 sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com 30
32. Public Interest Groups …
• Some organisations are not about representing the
interest of one section of society
• They represent some common or general interests
that needs to be defended.
• The members of the organization may not benefit
from the cause that the organisation represents.
• They promote collective rather than selective good.
• They aim to help groups other their own members
• In some instances the members of a public interest
group may undertake activity that benefits them as
well as others too.
2 July 2017 sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com 32
36. Movement Group…
• Most of the movements are issue specific
movements that seek to achieve a single
objective within a limited time frame.
• Movements tend to have a clear
leadership and some organisation.
• Their active life is usually short.
• Nepalese Movement & Narmada Bachao
Andolan are issue specific movements.
2 July 2017 sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com 36
37. • There are some movements that are long term
and involve more than one issue.
• There is no single organisation that controls ot
guides such movements.
• Environmental movement is a label for a large
number of organisations and issue specific
movements.
• All of these have separate organisations,
independent leadership and often different
views on policy related matters.
• They all share a broad objective and have a
similar approach.
2 July 2017 sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com 37
38. • National Alliance for Peoples’ Movement
(NAPM) is an organisation of organisations.
• Various groups struggling on specific issues
are constituents of this loose organisations
which coordinated the activities of a large
number of peoples’ movement in our country.
2 July 2017 sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com 38
39. How do they influence politics .. .
• They try to gain public support and sympathy
for their goals and their activities by carrying
our information campaigns, organising
meetings, filing petitions, etc,
• Most of the group try to influence the media
into giving more attention to these issues.
• They often organise protest activity like strikes
or disrupting government programmes.
• Workers organisations, employees associations
and most of the movement groups often resort
to these tactics in order to force the
government to take a note on their demands.
2 July 2017 sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com 39
41. • Business group often employ professional
lobbyist or sponsor expensive advertisement.
• Some persons from pressure groups or
movement groups may participate in official
bodies and committees that offer advice to the
government.
2 July 2017 sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com 41
42. • While interest groups and movements do
not directly engage in party politics they
seek to exert influence political parties.
• Most of the interest groups take a political
stance without being a political party.
• They have political ideology and political
position on major issues .
• The relationship between political parties
and pressure groups can take different
forms, some direct and some indirect.
2 July 2017 sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com 42
43. • In some instances the pressure groups are
either formed or led by the leaders of
political parties or act as an extended
arms of political parties.
• Most trade unions and students
organisations India are either established
by, or affiliated to one or the other
political party.
• Most of the leaders of such pressure
groups are usually the activist and leaders
of party.2 July 2017 sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com 43
45. • Sometimes political parties grow out of
movements. For example ASOM GANA
PARISHAD, DMK & AIADMK (Emergence can
be traced to a long driven social reform movement
during the 1930s and 40s.
• In most cases the relationship between parties and
movement groups is not so direct.
• They often take positions that are opposed to each
other. Yet they are in dialogue and negotiations.
• Movement groups have raised new issues that have
been taken up by political parties.
• Most of the leadership of political parties comes
from interest or movement groups2 July 2017 sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com 45
46. Is their influence healthy?
• It may initially appear that it is not healthy for
groups that promote interest of one section to
have influence in democracy.
• A democracy must look after the interests of all,
not just one section.
• Also, it may seem that these groups wield power
without any responsibility.
• Political parties have to face the people in
elections, but these groups are not accountable to
the people.
• Pressure groups and movements may not get
theire funds and support from the people.2 July 2017 sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com 46
47. • Sometimes pressure groups with small public
support but lots of money can hijack public
discussion in favour of their narrow agenda.
• On the other hand, pressure groups have
deepened democracy.
• Putting pressure on the ruler is not an
unhealthy activity in a democracy as long as
every one gets this opportunity.
• Governments can often come under undue
pressure from a small group of rich and
powerful people.
2 July 2017 sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com 47
48. • Public interest groups and movement perform
a useful role of countering this undue influence
and reminding the government of the needs
and concerns ordinary citizen.
• Even the sectional interest groups play a
valuable role.
• Where different groups function actively, no
one single group can achieve dominance over
society.
• If one group brings pressure on government to
make policies in the favour, another will bring
counter pressure not to make policies in the
way the first group desires.
2 July 2017 sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com 48
49. • The government gets to hear about what
different sections of population want. This
leads to a rough balance of power and
accommodation of conflicting interests.
2 July 2017 sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com 49