This document discusses the classification and types of bacteria. It explains that bacteria are classified based on their physical characteristics and placed in a taxonomic hierarchy of kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. Some key points: - Gram negative bacteria include spiral bacteria like Campylobacter jejuni, aerobic rods like Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Legionella pneumophila, facultative rods like Salmonella and Shigella, and anaerobic rods like Fusobacterium. - Gram positive bacteria include cocci like Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, and endospore forming rods like Clostridium tetani and Clostridium diffic

1. Classification of Bacteria
Prof.Dr.Mohemid Maddallah Al-Jebouri

2. Classification of Bacteria
 Classification – ordering
 Nomenclature – naming
 Often immortalizes the person
who discovered it or its origin
◦ Escherichia coli  Theodor
Escherich
◦ coli  from colon
 Distinguishing –identification

3. Classification of Bacteria
 *Kingdom
 Phylum
 Class
 Order
 Family
 *Genus ( 1st name)
 *Species ( 2nd name identifier)

4. 1 Gram Negative Spiral Bacteria
 Slender and flexible, come in a
lot of different shapes
 More rigid than spirochetes
 Ex. – Campylobacter jejuni
◦ Symptom – tenesmus: the
sensation of desire to
defecate, which is common
and occurs frequently , with
out the production of
significant amounts of feces
(often small amounts of
mucous or blood are alone
passed).

5. 3 Gram Negative Aerobic Rods
◦ Legionella pneumophila
 Lower respiratory tract
infection
 Needs oxygen

6. Gram Negative Aerobic Rods
Bordetella pertussis –
whooping cough
 Needs oxygen

7. Gram Negative Aerobic Rods
◦ Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(pigmented)
 Needs moisture
 Common in hospitals
 Opportunistic pathogen –
causes UTI, skin, and lung
infection

8. Vibrio
◦ V. cholerae
 Most well known of group
 Very severe dysentery. Can lose
10-15 liters of water/day. Leads
to hypovolemia – low water, hardly
any water in body
◦ V. vulnificus
 Very pathogenic
 Can cause flesh eating disease,
if it gets in a wound
◦ V. parahaemolyticus
 Found in shellfish – oysters
 Halophile – loves salt (will find in oceans, estuaries)
 Self limiting
4 Gram Negative Facultative Rods

9. Gram Negative Facultative Rods
 Enteric
◦ Salmonella
◦ Shigella
◦ E. coli (0157H7)

10. 5 Gram Negative Anaerobic Rods
 Fusobacterium
◦ Live in between teeth and
gums
◦ Cause tooth abscesses
and periodontal disease
◦ Teeth have nothing to
anchor – bone is
destroyed


11. Gram Negative Cocci or Coccobaccilli (plump
rods)
 Neisseria meningitidis
very infectious and
communicable.

12. 10 Gram Positive Cocci
Staphyloccocus aureus
MRSA
These bacteria can break
down all tissues of body.

13. Gram Positive Cocci
Streptococcus pyogenes –
no antibiotic resistance
right now
These bacteria can break
down all tissues of body.

14. 11 Gram positive Endospore Forming Rods
 Difficult to get rid of
because of endospores
 Example
◦ Clostridium tetani

15. Gram positive Endospore Forming Rods
 Difficult to get rid of
because of endospores
 Example
 C. perfringens – gangrene

16. Gram positive Endospore Forming Rods
 Difficult to get rid of
because of endospores
 Common in hospitals
 Example
 C. difficile
antibiotic associated
pseudmembraneous
enterocolitis

17. Gram positive Endospore Forming Rods
Bacillus
 B. anthracis – anthrax
 zoonosis

18. 12 Coryneforms
 Pleomorphic (many shapes)
 Example
Corynebacterium diphtheriae

19. 13 Mycobacteria
 Gram positive and Acid Fast
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Respiratory Pathogen
MDR-TB
In the 1950s we sent people
with TB to the sanitariums