The document discusses the key differences between a bibliography and references in a research paper. A bibliography lists all the materials a researcher consulted, whether or not they are cited, while references only include sources that are directly cited. Bibliography entries are organized alphabetically and do not include in-text citations, whereas references are numbered and include citations. The document also covers glossaries, appendices, and definitions of terms, explaining where they are typically placed and their purposes.

2.  In general, Bibliography is defined as a list of books or
articles about a particular subject or by a particular author.
 It, portrays the body of knowledge on the subject.
 In research work, bibliography is an organised list of books,
materials and authorities consulted by the students but
not necessarily cited in the report.
 The bibliography contains materials over and above the
materials referenced.

3.  It is organized in alphabetic order under specific categories
like books, periodicals, journals, official publications,
newspapers, magazines, internet/electronic media,
unpublished materials and interviews.
 There are some significant differences between entries in
bibliography and those of references.

4.  Entries of a bibliography are not numbered like in the
references.
 In a bibliography, surnames of authors are written before
the initials unlike the references where initials come
before surnames.
 Parentheses are not used to enclose place of publication,
publisher and date of publication as is done in references.
 Bibliography entries do not indicate page number(s) of
quotations as applicable in references.

5. BOOKS
Admiralty Manual of Seamanship, BR 67(3) (London: Her Majesty Stationery Office, 1983).
Akhigbe OM, The Nigerian Navy: Facing the Challenges of Our Times (Lagos: Directorate of
Naval Information, 1996).
PERIODICALS/JOURNALS
Krueger E, “What is Logistics?” Sailor Magazine, No 12, Jan 91.
Safaai D et al, “Ship Maintenance Scheduling by Generic Algorithm and Constraint-based
Reasoning -”, European Journal of Operational Research, No 112 (1999).
OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS
Defence Headquarters, Report of Committee on Adaptive Technology, 20 Dec 96.
Bangladesh Navy, Fleet Order, NNO 02/08, 14 May 08.

6. NEWSPAPERS/MAGAZINES
Lawrence R et al, “Fish Scarcity Looms as Firms Stop Operations”, The Guardian Newspaper
(Lagos), 4 Feb 08.
INTERNET/ELECTRONIC MEDIA
Glossary of Reliability Engineering Terms-Relex Software Windows Internet Explorer ,
<http://www.relex.com/service/consulting.asp> , accessed 12 Jan 07.
UNPUBLISHED MATERIALS
Abdul RS, “Improvements in Ship Refit Strategies and Procedures: The Case of the Royal
Malaysian Navy” (MSc thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California, 1996).
INTERVIEW
Ademuoluti WR, Chief of Naval Engineering, Naval Headquarters, interviewed on “Maintenance
and Availability of Ships in the Nigerian Navy”, 7 May 08.

9.  Supplementary materials which are used to advance
better arguments, illustrations and analysis are to be
placed in appendices at the end of the report.
 Appendices amplify the main report but could be unwieldy
if placed within the report itself.
 These include data, statistical analysis, charts, pictures,
questionnaires, interview guides, executive summary of
reports, data capture forms and notes on fieldwork.

10.  Enclosures are documents that are complete in
themselves.
 This section provides a List of the Appendices and
Enclosures used in numeric order as they appear in
the work.

11. LIST OF APPENDICES AND ENCLOSURES
APPENDICES
Appendix 1. List of Resource Persons Consulted/Interviewed…............ 1-1
Appendix 2. System Model for Maintenance and Availability of Ships… 2-1
Appendix 3. Operational State of BN Ships as at December each year.……… 3-1
ENCLOSURE
Enclosure 1. Excerpts of the Report of IMO Conference in 2011....... ……E1-1

13.  A glossary is a list of terms that traditionally appears at the
end of an academic paper, a thesis, a book, or an article.
 The glossary contains definitions for terms in the main text
that may be unfamiliar or unclear to the average reader.
 To write a glossary, firstly identify the terms in your main
text that will need to go into the glossary.
 Then, create definitions for these terms. Make sure the
formatting of the glossary is correct, so that it is polished &
easy to read.

14.  A glossary is a separate collection of terms, subjects
and sometimes expressions used in a text.
 The glossary is used to provide a ready reference to a
range of subjects for the reader.
 Histories, cultural studies, and scientific documents
make extensive use of glossaries because of the
esoteric terminology involved in these texts, which is
likely to be unfamiliar to readers.

15.  An Internet texts make use of a form of glossary, using
hyperlinks to explain particular subjects within an
article or other text format.
 Some theatrical cast lists are basically glossaries,
describing characters and relationships.

16. The difference between definition and glossary is
that definition is (semantics) a statement of the
meaning of a word or word group or a sign or symbol
while glossary is a list of terms in a particular domain
of knowledge with their definitions.

18.  Some thesis require the definition of technical terms
apart from the conceptual discourse of the variables.
 This is to enable a better understanding of the
research work and to overcome the ambiguity of
several interpretations by different readers.
 Definition of Terms is placed in the preliminary pages
after the List of Abbreviations and Acronyms.
 The definitions are arranged in alphabetic order.

19. Gross Domestic Product.Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is
the market value of all officially recognized final goods and
services produced within a country in a year, or other given
period of time. The GDP per capita is often considered an
indicator of a country's standard of living.
Exclusive Economic Zone. The Exclusive Economic
Zone (EEZ) is an area beyond and adjacent to the territorial
sea, subject to specific legal regime established in this part,
under which the rights and freedom of other states are
governed by the relevant provision of UNCLOS III.