This document provides information about Quiz City, a startup created by Anna and Rebecca to help people engage with the history of cities like Lisbon through quizzes. It includes questions about various landmarks in Lisbon and asks the user for feedback on Quiz City. The founders hope feedback will show there is value in their business idea of using quizzes to teach people about the history of places.
The document summarizes information about four individuals and topics related to Portuguese colonialism in Brazil:
1) Damiana Cunha, a leader of the Caiapo people who fought to preserve their way of life and beliefs against settlers and government interference.
2) Antonio de Gouveia, a corrupt priest who practiced medicine illegally and attacked indigenous people.
3) Catarina de Monte Sinay, a nun and entrepreneur who accumulated wealth but broke religious laws with her business dealings and donations.
4) Brief histories of Portugal, the Portuguese Empire, and Colonial Brazil's economy focused on sugar production and the mining of gold and diamonds.
The document discusses the history of the Bronx borough of New York City. It describes how the area was originally inhabited by the Lenape Native American tribe. In the 1600s, it was settled by the Dutch, including Jonas Bronck, after whom the Bronx River and borough are named. The population grew and became more diverse over time, with Irish, Italian, Jewish, African American, Puerto Rican, and other immigrant groups settling in the Bronx in subsequent centuries. The Bronx has been home to many notable figures and was the birthplace of hip hop music and culture.
I made this slideshow to link to MEMORIES OF EDEN, the book Mira and I edited based on the reminiscences of her mother, sent to us in note form over a period of 20 years.
Website: http://www.memoriesofeden.com
Blog: http://memoriesofeden.wordpress.com
Sandro Botticelli is the focus of the first day's tour through Renaissance Italy. The tour begins in 1460 Florence where Botticelli grew up and was apprenticed as a goldsmith before becoming a painter. Key stops include Botticelli's early works under Filippo Lippi and his famous frescoes in the Sistine Chapel. The day concludes in 1500 seeing Botticelli's deeply religious works influenced by Savonarola.
This document contains images and captions from a textbook on US history from 1500-1776. It includes 15 images related to colonial America, such as maps of Hispaniola and Georgia from the 1500s, portraits of historical figures like Abigail Adams and Queen Elizabeth I, depictions of cities like Philadelphia and Baltimore, and illustrations of topics like slavery and African slave trading. The images provide visual context about the people, places, and events discussed in Chapter 2 of the textbook.
Here are some common foods and drinks that were popular in Renaissance Italy:
- Breads: Various types of breads were widely consumed, from dense loaves to thin flatbreads. Bread was a staple food.
- Pasta: While pasta existed earlier, Renaissance Italy saw the development of many famous pasta varieties like tagliatelle and tortellini.
- Soups: Rich meat and vegetable soups were popular, often containing herbs like basil, sage, and rosemary.
- Meats: Common meats included beef, pork, chicken, and game. Preparations included roasts, stews, and minced meats.
- Cheeses: Regions were known for cheeses
This travel guide provides information for visiting major cities in Italy between 1400-1500, including Florence, Rome, and Venice. It recommends seeing landmarks like the Duomo in Florence, the Colosseum and Vatican in Rome, and St. Mark's Basilica in Venice. For transportation, walking, horses, and boats are suggested depending on the city. The guide outlines local customs like greeting with kisses and manners around food. It provides options for lodging from wealthy homes to inns. Entertainment includes music, dancing, and art/architecture. Health risks like the bubonic plague are also covered.
- The document provides an audio tour of London's historic Jewish East End neighborhood, highlighting key sites, history, and food.
- The tour is led by Professor Michael Berkowitz and explores locations like Liverpool Street Station memorializing the Kindertransport, Sandys Row Synagogue, the former soup kitchen on Brune Street, and restaurants like St. John's in Spitalfields.
- Along the way, Professor Berkowitz shares stories of the neighborhood's Jewish immigrants and artists who lived there, as well as recommendations for where to eat and tips for exploring the area today.
The document summarizes information about four individuals and topics related to Portuguese colonialism in Brazil:
1) Damiana Cunha, a leader of the Caiapo people who fought to preserve their way of life and beliefs against settlers and government interference.
2) Antonio de Gouveia, a corrupt priest who practiced medicine illegally and attacked indigenous people.
3) Catarina de Monte Sinay, a nun and entrepreneur who accumulated wealth but broke religious laws with her business dealings and donations.
4) Brief histories of Portugal, the Portuguese Empire, and Colonial Brazil's economy focused on sugar production and the mining of gold and diamonds.
The document discusses the history of the Bronx borough of New York City. It describes how the area was originally inhabited by the Lenape Native American tribe. In the 1600s, it was settled by the Dutch, including Jonas Bronck, after whom the Bronx River and borough are named. The population grew and became more diverse over time, with Irish, Italian, Jewish, African American, Puerto Rican, and other immigrant groups settling in the Bronx in subsequent centuries. The Bronx has been home to many notable figures and was the birthplace of hip hop music and culture.
I made this slideshow to link to MEMORIES OF EDEN, the book Mira and I edited based on the reminiscences of her mother, sent to us in note form over a period of 20 years.
Website: http://www.memoriesofeden.com
Blog: http://memoriesofeden.wordpress.com
Sandro Botticelli is the focus of the first day's tour through Renaissance Italy. The tour begins in 1460 Florence where Botticelli grew up and was apprenticed as a goldsmith before becoming a painter. Key stops include Botticelli's early works under Filippo Lippi and his famous frescoes in the Sistine Chapel. The day concludes in 1500 seeing Botticelli's deeply religious works influenced by Savonarola.
This document contains images and captions from a textbook on US history from 1500-1776. It includes 15 images related to colonial America, such as maps of Hispaniola and Georgia from the 1500s, portraits of historical figures like Abigail Adams and Queen Elizabeth I, depictions of cities like Philadelphia and Baltimore, and illustrations of topics like slavery and African slave trading. The images provide visual context about the people, places, and events discussed in Chapter 2 of the textbook.
Here are some common foods and drinks that were popular in Renaissance Italy:
- Breads: Various types of breads were widely consumed, from dense loaves to thin flatbreads. Bread was a staple food.
- Pasta: While pasta existed earlier, Renaissance Italy saw the development of many famous pasta varieties like tagliatelle and tortellini.
- Soups: Rich meat and vegetable soups were popular, often containing herbs like basil, sage, and rosemary.
- Meats: Common meats included beef, pork, chicken, and game. Preparations included roasts, stews, and minced meats.
- Cheeses: Regions were known for cheeses
This travel guide provides information for visiting major cities in Italy between 1400-1500, including Florence, Rome, and Venice. It recommends seeing landmarks like the Duomo in Florence, the Colosseum and Vatican in Rome, and St. Mark's Basilica in Venice. For transportation, walking, horses, and boats are suggested depending on the city. The guide outlines local customs like greeting with kisses and manners around food. It provides options for lodging from wealthy homes to inns. Entertainment includes music, dancing, and art/architecture. Health risks like the bubonic plague are also covered.
- The document provides an audio tour of London's historic Jewish East End neighborhood, highlighting key sites, history, and food.
- The tour is led by Professor Michael Berkowitz and explores locations like Liverpool Street Station memorializing the Kindertransport, Sandys Row Synagogue, the former soup kitchen on Brune Street, and restaurants like St. John's in Spitalfields.
- Along the way, Professor Berkowitz shares stories of the neighborhood's Jewish immigrants and artists who lived there, as well as recommendations for where to eat and tips for exploring the area today.
1. Philip II inherited Spain, the Spanish Netherlands, and the American colonies after his father Charles V retired. Between 1550-1650, Spain imported over $14 billion worth of gold and silver from the Americas, allowing Philip II to become Spain's absolute monarch.
2. Louis XIV ruled France from 1643-1715, the longest reign of any European monarch. He weakened the nobility and increased the power of government officials to strengthen his absolute rule. He spent lavishly on Versailles to surround himself with luxury.
3. Ivan IV of Russia became czar at age 16 and ruled as an absolute monarch, but grew increasingly paranoid and violent, ordering thousands of nobles and others executed. He was succeeded
Lisbon is the city of the good light... that special light that promotes memories and dreams! This incentive trip takes you into a very special tour around 8 unforgettable secrets in this incredible town! Prepare yourself for the most amazing short stories and great discoveries... in Lisbon!
1) The document profiles several individuals from the Spanish and Portuguese colonies in America between the 16th-18th centuries, including indigenous people, priests, artisans, and a printer.
2) The individuals faced various challenges according to their backgrounds, including accusations of heresy, disruption during independence movements, struggles against educated colonial societies, and lack of technical skills and political support.
3) They held a variety of occupations like indigenous leader, priest, shoemaker, and printer, and came from places like Peru, Brazil, Argentina, and Spain, demonstrating the diversity of the colonial population in America.
Mother Shiptone, a 16th century English soothsayer and prophetess, was interviewed about her life and times. Despite being born hideously ugly and believed by locals to be the daughter of a witch and the devil, she gained fame for her accurate prophecies, including the Spanish Armada, the Great Plague of London, and the Great Fire of London. In the interview, she recalled details of her life in 16th century England and offered perspectives on violence, entertainment, and the meaning of life. The forum then opened for three people to directly ask Mother Shiptone additional questions.
Lecture 6 hello everyone. welcome back to lh 4430, history ofssuserd93c47
This lecture discusses slavery and colonial society in late colonial Mexico. It notes that while slavery was important, free black labor was even more significant in urban and regional economies. The lecturer also provides context on the Bourbon Reforms in the late 18th century. The reforms aimed to centralize control over the colonies, curb smuggling, and increase royal revenues through measures like taxes and monopolies over key industries. This caused unrest among colonial elites and merchants who lost economic autonomy and faced higher taxes under the new system.
Presentation: Spain in the 19th centuryrafakarmona
The document provides information about Spain during the 19th century. It discusses the following key points in 3 sentences:
The Industrial Revolution transformed Spain's economy and society in the 19th century as factories replaced workshops. There was social unrest during this time as the lower classes faced difficult working conditions. Culturally, Romanticism emerged in art and literature while new architectural styles like Modernism developed in a growing urban landscape.
William Shakespeare lived from 1564 to around 1603 in England during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. People in Elizabethan times wore clothes dictated by wealth and status. They entertained themselves with plays, sports, games, and festivals as life was difficult due to outbreaks of plague which often prevented people from living to old age.
The document summarizes the history of the Iberian Peninsula from prehistoric times through the modern era in three main periods:
1. Prehistoric times were divided into the Paleolithic, Neolithic, and Metal Ages, where people lived in caves or huts and hunted with stone tools before discovering fire and metals.
2. Ancient history began around 5500 years ago and was inhabited by Iberians and Celts, followed by Greek colonizers 3000 years ago and invasions by Carthaginians and Romans who fought the Punic Wars.
3. The modern era saw events like the Spanish discovery of America in 1492, the conquest of Granada in 1492, and
1) In the 15th-17th centuries, Europeans traded goods with West Africans in exchange for raw materials. Starting in the 19th century, Europeans explored and mapped the interior of Africa, seeking the sources of the Nile River and searching for Dr. David Livingstone.
2) In the late 19th century, European nations aggressively colonized Africa during the "Scramble for Africa," motivated by sources for raw materials, markets for finished goods, nationalism, and beliefs in social Darwinism and the white man's burden.
3) King Leopold II of Belgium privately colonized the Congo Free State in the 1880s, exploiting rubber resources through forced labor that killed an estimated 5-8 million
Dear Tooth Fairy Letter Template - VietnanaxPawpaw Tran
The document provides instructions for using the website HelpWriting.net to request assistance with writing assignments. It outlines a five step process: creating an account, submitting a request with instructions and deadline, reviewing bids from writers and selecting one, reviewing and authorizing payment for the completed work, and having the option to request revisions until satisfied. The website promises original, high-quality content and refunds for plagiarized work so customers can choose their service confidently.
The document provides background information on the origins of Carnaval in Brazil. It discusses how Carnaval was first celebrated in Salvador in the northeast during Portuguese colonization. When the capital moved to Rio de Janeiro with the arrival of the Portuguese royal family fleeing Napoleon, the celebration was influenced by the aristocracy and took on characteristics of European masquerade balls. The document also provides historical context on the Portuguese royal family in Brazil and the economic and population shifts that impacted the development of Carnaval traditions.
1) Around 1500, European colonists began enslaving Africans in the Americas in order to meet their demand for cheap laborers, especially to work plantations.
2) Many African rulers and merchants willingly participated in the slave trade by capturing and selling Africans to Europeans on the coast in exchange for goods.
3) The triangular trade routes transported enslaved Africans to the Americas, where they endured the brutal and deadly "Middle Passage" in the ship holds, to be sold and used as laborers on plantations.
Famous Writers against an Infamous KingMiro Atanasov
The document discusses a lecture about famous writers who exposed the horrors of the Congo Free State through their literature. It provides historical context about the Congo Free State, which was privately owned by King Leopold II of Belgium from 1885 to 1908. During this time, an estimated 10 million Congolese people died due to atrocities committed by the king's forces to exploit the country's rubber and ivory trade. The lecture highlights several classic works of British and American literature from this era, including an open letter, novella, soliloquy, non-fiction expose, poetry, and popular history book, that helped bring awareness to the abuses and campaign for reforms in the Congo Free State.
The 100 Greatest Nigerians we never knew Pt 1Ed Keazor
Slides from a series of presentations held in the In the United Kingdom and Nigeria by Ed Keazor. Focus is on some of the greatest unsung heroes in Nigerian history.
Power Point - Botswana Military History consolidatedJeffRamsay2
Collection of pptx slides, converted to pdf, which were used by Dr. Jeff Ramsay as part of his Occasional Lecturers on Military History at the Botswana Defence Force Command and Staff College from 2008-2019.
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Efficient PHP Development Solutions for Dynamic Web ApplicationsHarwinder Singh
Unlock the full potential of your web projects with our expert PHP development solutions. From robust backend systems to dynamic front-end interfaces, we deliver scalable, secure, and high-performance applications tailored to your needs. Trust our skilled team to transform your ideas into reality with custom PHP programming, ensuring seamless functionality and a superior user experience.
SATTA MATKA DPBOSS KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART KALYAN MATKA MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA TIPS SATTA MATKA MATKA COM MATKA PANA JODI TODAY BATTA SATKA MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER MATKA RESULTS MATKA CHART MATKA JODI SATTA COM INDIA SATTA MATKA MATKA TIPS MATKA WAPKA ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA RESULT DPBOSS MATKA 143 MAIN MATKA KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART
The report *State of D2C in India: A Logistics Update* talks about the evolving dynamics of the d2C landscape with a particular focus on how brands navigate the complexities of logistics. Third Party Logistics enablers emerge indispensable partners in facilitating the growth journey of D2C brands, offering cost-effective solutions tailored to their specific needs. As D2C brands continue to expand, they encounter heightened operational complexities with logistics standing out as a significant challenge. Logistics not only represents a substantial cost component for the brands but also directly influences the customer experience. Establishing efficient logistics operations while keeping costs low is therefore a crucial objective for brands. The report highlights how 3PLs are meeting the rising demands of D2C brands, supporting their expansion both online and offline, and paving the way for sustainable, scalable growth in this fast-paced market.
1. Philip II inherited Spain, the Spanish Netherlands, and the American colonies after his father Charles V retired. Between 1550-1650, Spain imported over $14 billion worth of gold and silver from the Americas, allowing Philip II to become Spain's absolute monarch.
2. Louis XIV ruled France from 1643-1715, the longest reign of any European monarch. He weakened the nobility and increased the power of government officials to strengthen his absolute rule. He spent lavishly on Versailles to surround himself with luxury.
3. Ivan IV of Russia became czar at age 16 and ruled as an absolute monarch, but grew increasingly paranoid and violent, ordering thousands of nobles and others executed. He was succeeded
Lisbon is the city of the good light... that special light that promotes memories and dreams! This incentive trip takes you into a very special tour around 8 unforgettable secrets in this incredible town! Prepare yourself for the most amazing short stories and great discoveries... in Lisbon!
1) The document profiles several individuals from the Spanish and Portuguese colonies in America between the 16th-18th centuries, including indigenous people, priests, artisans, and a printer.
2) The individuals faced various challenges according to their backgrounds, including accusations of heresy, disruption during independence movements, struggles against educated colonial societies, and lack of technical skills and political support.
3) They held a variety of occupations like indigenous leader, priest, shoemaker, and printer, and came from places like Peru, Brazil, Argentina, and Spain, demonstrating the diversity of the colonial population in America.
Mother Shiptone, a 16th century English soothsayer and prophetess, was interviewed about her life and times. Despite being born hideously ugly and believed by locals to be the daughter of a witch and the devil, she gained fame for her accurate prophecies, including the Spanish Armada, the Great Plague of London, and the Great Fire of London. In the interview, she recalled details of her life in 16th century England and offered perspectives on violence, entertainment, and the meaning of life. The forum then opened for three people to directly ask Mother Shiptone additional questions.
Lecture 6 hello everyone. welcome back to lh 4430, history ofssuserd93c47
This lecture discusses slavery and colonial society in late colonial Mexico. It notes that while slavery was important, free black labor was even more significant in urban and regional economies. The lecturer also provides context on the Bourbon Reforms in the late 18th century. The reforms aimed to centralize control over the colonies, curb smuggling, and increase royal revenues through measures like taxes and monopolies over key industries. This caused unrest among colonial elites and merchants who lost economic autonomy and faced higher taxes under the new system.
Presentation: Spain in the 19th centuryrafakarmona
The document provides information about Spain during the 19th century. It discusses the following key points in 3 sentences:
The Industrial Revolution transformed Spain's economy and society in the 19th century as factories replaced workshops. There was social unrest during this time as the lower classes faced difficult working conditions. Culturally, Romanticism emerged in art and literature while new architectural styles like Modernism developed in a growing urban landscape.
William Shakespeare lived from 1564 to around 1603 in England during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. People in Elizabethan times wore clothes dictated by wealth and status. They entertained themselves with plays, sports, games, and festivals as life was difficult due to outbreaks of plague which often prevented people from living to old age.
The document summarizes the history of the Iberian Peninsula from prehistoric times through the modern era in three main periods:
1. Prehistoric times were divided into the Paleolithic, Neolithic, and Metal Ages, where people lived in caves or huts and hunted with stone tools before discovering fire and metals.
2. Ancient history began around 5500 years ago and was inhabited by Iberians and Celts, followed by Greek colonizers 3000 years ago and invasions by Carthaginians and Romans who fought the Punic Wars.
3. The modern era saw events like the Spanish discovery of America in 1492, the conquest of Granada in 1492, and
1) In the 15th-17th centuries, Europeans traded goods with West Africans in exchange for raw materials. Starting in the 19th century, Europeans explored and mapped the interior of Africa, seeking the sources of the Nile River and searching for Dr. David Livingstone.
2) In the late 19th century, European nations aggressively colonized Africa during the "Scramble for Africa," motivated by sources for raw materials, markets for finished goods, nationalism, and beliefs in social Darwinism and the white man's burden.
3) King Leopold II of Belgium privately colonized the Congo Free State in the 1880s, exploiting rubber resources through forced labor that killed an estimated 5-8 million
Dear Tooth Fairy Letter Template - VietnanaxPawpaw Tran
The document provides instructions for using the website HelpWriting.net to request assistance with writing assignments. It outlines a five step process: creating an account, submitting a request with instructions and deadline, reviewing bids from writers and selecting one, reviewing and authorizing payment for the completed work, and having the option to request revisions until satisfied. The website promises original, high-quality content and refunds for plagiarized work so customers can choose their service confidently.
The document provides background information on the origins of Carnaval in Brazil. It discusses how Carnaval was first celebrated in Salvador in the northeast during Portuguese colonization. When the capital moved to Rio de Janeiro with the arrival of the Portuguese royal family fleeing Napoleon, the celebration was influenced by the aristocracy and took on characteristics of European masquerade balls. The document also provides historical context on the Portuguese royal family in Brazil and the economic and population shifts that impacted the development of Carnaval traditions.
1) Around 1500, European colonists began enslaving Africans in the Americas in order to meet their demand for cheap laborers, especially to work plantations.
2) Many African rulers and merchants willingly participated in the slave trade by capturing and selling Africans to Europeans on the coast in exchange for goods.
3) The triangular trade routes transported enslaved Africans to the Americas, where they endured the brutal and deadly "Middle Passage" in the ship holds, to be sold and used as laborers on plantations.
Famous Writers against an Infamous KingMiro Atanasov
The document discusses a lecture about famous writers who exposed the horrors of the Congo Free State through their literature. It provides historical context about the Congo Free State, which was privately owned by King Leopold II of Belgium from 1885 to 1908. During this time, an estimated 10 million Congolese people died due to atrocities committed by the king's forces to exploit the country's rubber and ivory trade. The lecture highlights several classic works of British and American literature from this era, including an open letter, novella, soliloquy, non-fiction expose, poetry, and popular history book, that helped bring awareness to the abuses and campaign for reforms in the Congo Free State.
The 100 Greatest Nigerians we never knew Pt 1Ed Keazor
Slides from a series of presentations held in the In the United Kingdom and Nigeria by Ed Keazor. Focus is on some of the greatest unsung heroes in Nigerian history.
Power Point - Botswana Military History consolidatedJeffRamsay2
Collection of pptx slides, converted to pdf, which were used by Dr. Jeff Ramsay as part of his Occasional Lecturers on Military History at the Botswana Defence Force Command and Staff College from 2008-2019.
SATTA MATKA DPBOSS KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART KALYAN MATKA MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA TIPS SATTA MATKA MATKA COM MATKA PANA JODI TODAY BATTA SATKA MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER MATKA RESULTS MATKA CHART MATKA JODI SATTA COM INDIA SATTA MATKA MATKA TIPS MATKA WAPKA ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA RESULT DPBOSS MATKA 143 MAIN MATKA KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART
Efficient PHP Development Solutions for Dynamic Web ApplicationsHarwinder Singh
Unlock the full potential of your web projects with our expert PHP development solutions. From robust backend systems to dynamic front-end interfaces, we deliver scalable, secure, and high-performance applications tailored to your needs. Trust our skilled team to transform your ideas into reality with custom PHP programming, ensuring seamless functionality and a superior user experience.
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The report *State of D2C in India: A Logistics Update* talks about the evolving dynamics of the d2C landscape with a particular focus on how brands navigate the complexities of logistics. Third Party Logistics enablers emerge indispensable partners in facilitating the growth journey of D2C brands, offering cost-effective solutions tailored to their specific needs. As D2C brands continue to expand, they encounter heightened operational complexities with logistics standing out as a significant challenge. Logistics not only represents a substantial cost component for the brands but also directly influences the customer experience. Establishing efficient logistics operations while keeping costs low is therefore a crucial objective for brands. The report highlights how 3PLs are meeting the rising demands of D2C brands, supporting their expansion both online and offline, and paving the way for sustainable, scalable growth in this fast-paced market.
Adani Group's Active Interest In Increasing Its Presence in the Cement Manufa...Adani case
Time and again, the business group has taken up new business ventures, each of which has allowed it to expand its horizons further and reach new heights. Even amidst the Adani CBI Investigation, the firm has always focused on improving its cement business.
Enhancing Adoption of AI in Agri-food: IntroductionCor Verdouw
Introduction to the Panel on: Pathways and Challenges: AI-Driven Technology in Agri-Food, AI4Food, University of Guelph
“Enhancing Adoption of AI in Agri-food: a Path Forward”, 18 June 2024
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Presentation by Herman Kienhuis (Curiosity VC) on Investing in AI for ABS Alu...Herman Kienhuis
Presentation by Herman Kienhuis (Curiosity VC) on developments in AI, the venture capital investment landscape and Curiosity VC's approach to investing, at the alumni event of Amsterdam Business School (University of Amsterdam) on June 13, 2024 in Amsterdam.
2. Why did we make
Quiz City?
We are Anna and Rebecca: a
young start-up, hoping to
improve how you experience
and engage with historic cities.
Anna is Italian, has a classical
education, and knows about
important things. Rebecca grew
up in the north of England and
is excellent at cooking
potatoes.
Anna took Rebecca to the
Duomo di Milano. Rebecca
agreed it was a beautiful
building and looked at it for a
good five minutes.
When Rebecca was ready to
leave, Anna was dismayed that
Rebecca was not more
impressed. But Anna was
looking at the building with a
wealth of historical context
while Rebecca was just looking
at some nice marble.
We now live in Lisbon and want
to help you experience the city
to the full, by engaging with its
history.
And who doesn’t love a quiz?
Please feel free to huddle in a
circle with friends, family, and
random tourists, and take it
way too seriously.
Tell us if you like us
We’re a young start-up and we’d really, really love to know what you
think of Quiz City.
To be honest, without your feedback, we will kill this business idea.
1. Answer more fun questions
• How do you feel about Quiz
City?
• What would you change?
• Which city should we do
next?
• And more!
Just look at this QR code with
your camera phone and it’ll give
you a link to our Survey Monkey
2. Send us a euro
Was this worth 1 EUR?
The best feedback you can give
us is a donation. It would let us
know that you really got some
value from Quiz City.
If you don’t do it… who will?
Just look at this QR code with
your phone camera and it’ll take
you to our PayPal.me
You can tell us in two ways…
3. A QUESTION FOR ST GEORGE CASTLE
In 1147, the castle was the
centre of the Siege of
Lisbon.
Lisbon wasn’t part of
Portugal, but King Afonso
(the first king of Portugal
having taken independence
from Spain) wanted it!
The Muslim Moors didn’t only
occupy Lisbon, they occupied
much of the Iberian Peninsula.
You’ve probably heard of the
Reconquista – the period during
which the Christians fought to end
Muslim rule of the area.
He wanted to take it from the
Muslim Moors, who had occupied
Lisbon for more than 400 years.
But previous attempts by others
had failed, and the king knew he
would be outnumbered by the
Moors…
Q1:
WHO BUILT ST GEORGE CASTLE?
The Romans
They were in the Iberian
Peninsula from 219 BC to the
fall of the Roman Empire
The Visigoths
A Germanic tribe that took over
the Iberian Peninsula after the
Romans, around 500 AD
The Moors
The North African Muslims who
took over the Iberian Peninsula
from 711 AD
Salazar
The dictator of Portugal from
1932 to 1968
A6:
Primarily, because the people wanted an end
to the colonial war.
In contrast to other European powers, Salazar had refused to give
independence to the colonies and war broke out. In 1961, the
Portuguese army surrendered to India, but Salazar was furious and
exiled the general – and the war continued in the African colonies. Even
after Salazar died, in1970, the regime and war continued.
Salazar’s dictatorship was summarised as good results, bad methods:
he took Portugal out of poverty and chaos but he implemented
censorship, and a secret police to suppress political opponents. The
younger generation didn’t remember the financial struggles before, so
they were less accepting of him.
A local restaurant had planned to
give flowers to its customers that
day, but the coup kind of got in
the way. An employee gave the
flowers to the soldiers – and they
put them in their guns to
symbolise peace.
Portuguese military rebels planned a
peaceful coup. They took to the
streets and were joined by thousands
of civilians. After just 6 hours, the
government conceded – ending the
war and beginning a new democracy.
What does it have to do with
ABBA?
The signal to start the coup was the
1974 Portuguese Eurovision song
contest playing on the radio – it was
the same year that ABBA had won!
So what was the Carnation Revolution?
4. A1:
Well, it was kind of Salazar…
Yes, the Romans started fortifications in the 1st Century BC…
And yes, the Moors built a proper castle there…
But it was almost all destroyed in an earthquake in 1755!
So Salazar had the castle reconstructed in 1940.
The king made some
big promises
The king prayed to Saint
Vincent – he had been
killed in the 4th century
for being a devout
Christian and refusing to
pray to pagan gods. The
king promised to find
Vincent’s remains and
bring them back to
Lisbon if they won the
war.
There was a crazy knight
A Portuguese knight called Martim Moniz
saw an open door at the side of the
castle and, before the Moors had a
chance to close it, he threw himself in
the doorway! The Portuguese captured
the castle and the siege ended.
And what happened in the 1147 Siege of Lisbon?
Martim was crushed to
death but on the bright
side there is a metro
and a square named
after him.
It defined the Lisbon coat of
arms
The king found Vincent’s
remains in the Algarve and had
them returned to Lisbon.
Ravens followed Vincent for
the entire journey. This is
depicted in the Lisbon
coat of arms!
Look out for it all around
the city.
Q6:
WHY DID THE CARNATION REVOLUTION TAKE
PLACE?
The Portuguese enjoyed
a good coup
This was the third coup of the
20th century
Everyone was
sick of Salazar
The dictator who had been in
power since 1934
People wanted an end
to the colonial war
Colonies were fighting for their
independence
People wanted to listen to
ABBA on the radio
The dictatorship was operating
strict censorship
The 25 April bridge is named after
the Carnation Revolution, which
took place in 1974 and ended the
dictatorship.
Throughout the 1800s and into the
1900s, Portugal had struggled with
political instability and debt. By
1926, things were so bad that the
military overthrew the government
– and people welcomed the
change.
The military dictatorship persuaded
Salazar (a great economist) to
become the finance minister.
Salazar did such a good job that, a
few years later, Salazar became
the prime minister of the
dictatorship.
The bridge was once named after
him!
A QUESTION FOR THE 25 APRIL BRIDGE
5. A5:
90 days!
The whole voyage from Lisbon to India took 2 years – including a period
of 90 days without seeing land!
Vasco da Gama became known as a hero
Vasco da Gama returned
to Portugal with loads of
black pepper (the
favourite spice at the
time), making Portugal
super rich.
Pessoa is Portugal’s most famous
poet and described as one of the
best writers of the 20th century.
He was born just around the
corner from Chiado Square, in
1888.
Pessoa wrote under different
names, but not just pseudonyms:
heteronyms – each name a
distinct character with its own
voice, style, and even handwriting.
The characters often knew each
other and wrote about each other.
Pessoa even created an
astrologer heteronym, who wrote
horoscopes about the other
heteronyms.
Q2:
HOW MANY HETERONYMS DID PESSOA
HAVE?
8 18
38 72
A QUESTION FOR CHIADO SQUARE
You can find Pessoa
sitting outside
Café A Brasileira,
in Chiado Square.
However, sounds like he wasn’t a very nice
guy. He demanded the Indian rulers trade
only with Portugal. India wasn’t interested in
this arrangement, so Vasco da Gama
bombarded them and stole from them.
But it’s Christopher Columbus we remember…
Maybe you hadn’t heard of
Vasco da Gama, but you’ve
probably heard of the Italian
explorer, Christopher
Columbus.
Before Gama, Columbus had
been in Lisbon and asked
Portugal’s king to fund him
on a voyage to the Far East.
The king declined because
he though Columbus’ plan to
go West was crazy.
But he received funding from
Spain and went on to reach
the Americas (the crew only
went 33 days without seeing
land).
He returned to Lisbon to brag. But the
king said the Americas belonged to
Portugal!
Sensing trouble, Spain told the pope!
The pope divided the world between
Spain and Portugal by drawing a big line
down the Atlantic Ocean: everything to
the west for Spain, and everything to the
east to Portugal.
And it was
later
agreed
in a
Treaty.
6. A2:
Scholars have counted 72!
Pessoa only published one book while he was alive, but among his
belongings when he died was 25,000 pages of writing!
Here are some things Pessoa said about himself –
• I’m an empty stage where various actors act out various plays.
• I’m the gap between what I’d like to be and what others have made of
me.
• I’m beginning to know myself. I don’t exist.
And ironically, “Pessoa” is Portuguese for “person”.
What else do we
know about
Pessoa?
What’s a bica and other coffees in
Portugal?
How to order coffee
in Lisbon
Espresso
“um bica”
--------------
Americano
“um abatanado”
--------------
Espresso with a
drop of milk
“um pingado”
--------------
Cortado
“um garoto”
--------------
Latte
“um galão”
Café A Brasileira
was opened in
1905 to sell
genuine
Brazilian coffee.
It was the first
shop to sell bica
– like an
espresso, but a
little longer and
smoother.
It became a
meeting place
for intellectuals
and artists.
Can you see the Monument of
Discoveries? It celebrates
Portugal’s exploration in the 15th
and 16th centuries.
It started in 1415, when Portugal
invaded the Muslim city of Ceuta
on the north coast of Africa.
Portugal continued down the west
coast of Africa, getting rich.
This set the scene for Vasco da
Gama. In 1497, he set sail for
the Far East, hoping to bring
back spices (which were luxury
goods traded like gold).
The crew
said their
final
prayers in
the Tower
of Belém,
before
setting off
into the
unknown.
It was an epic voyage, but the crew
did reach India! (With help from an
Arab man they picked up in Kenya.)
Q5:
HOW MANY DAYS DID VASCO DA GAMA’S
CREW GO WITHOUT SEEING LAND?
7 33
90 300
A QUESTION FOR BELEM
Pessoa was often seen
in Chiado Square,
drinking absinthe and
bica (coffee) for
breakfast, and smoking
continuously. Pessoa
died young.
There is some debate
about Pessoa’s
sexuality - if he was gay
or deeply spiritual. He
wrote, “I was never one
who in love or friendship
preferred one sex over
the other.”
7. A4:
It’s prostitutes AND the head of government.
Sorry we were a bit sneaky giving two answers.
What happened in church?
The day of the earthquake was a
Catholic holiday – All Saints’ Day – so
most people were celebrating at
church.
People believed earthquakes were the
wrath of God, but the churches were
some of the first buildings to collapse.
Society was shocked. Why would God
do this? Was Lisbon more sinful than
Paris or London?
This inspired a lot of philosophical
discussion. Kant tried to explain the
earthquake through geography – this
was the birth of seismology.
Why did the prostitutes
survive?
The only part of the city to completely
survive the earthquake was the
poorest district, home to criminals and
prostitutes – Alfama. It survived
because it was built on a big, sturdy
rock.
How did the
earthquake reach
Morocco?
The earthquake caused a
tsunami which didn’t only
hit Lisbon, but England and
even Brazil. Worst hit was
Morocco: waves of 20
metres killed 10,000
people.
Have you heard of
Marquês de Pombal?
Marquês de Pombal was
the head of the government
– he saved Lisbon in the
king’s absence.
He threw all the dead
bodies into the sea – the
church wasn’t happy but it
surely stopped diseases
from spreading.
And he had the city rebuilt,
strong enough to withstand
another earthquake.
In 1493, the pope divided the
planet between the two world
powers of Portugal and Spain,
by drawing a line down the
Atlantic Ocean.
Brazil was first “discovered” a
few years later. It was on the
Portuguese side of the pope’s
line and therefore became a
Portuguese colony.
In 1807, the Portuguese royal
family went to Brazil – along with
a staff of 10,000 including
ministers and merchants.
King João VI transformed the city of
Rio de Janeiro (opening a bank and
universities) – and made it the
capital of Portugal!
Q3:
WHY DID THE PORTUGUESE ROYAL
FAMILY GO TO BRAZIL in 1807?
For the gold
They didn’t want to wait for
gold to travel to Europe
To annoy Spain
The Spanish empire was
Portugal’s biggest rival
To escape Napoleon
The French general
Because the king hated
Guinness
Lisbon was the first city in the
world to import Guinness
A QUESTION FOR ROSSIO
8. A3:
To escape Napoleon!
Napoleon controlled most of Europe, but still wanted Britain! Having lost
the Battle of Trafalgar, Napoleon ordered Europe to stop all trade with
Britain. Every country complied except for Portugal! In 1807, French
soldiers set out for Portugal, but the Portuguese royal family and 10,000
staff had already set sail for Brazil. This meant France was easily able to
occupy Portugal and stop trade with Britain.
And what does that have to do
with the square you’re in now?
Rossio square is really called the
Square of Pedro IV, and the statue on
the tall column is of Pedro. Pedro was
part of the royal family that ran to
Brazil – he was the son of the king.
The king eventually returned to
Portugal to start a constitutional
monarchy with a parliament (after
pressure from the Portuguese
people).
But, Pedro stayed in Brazil. He was
quite forward thinking for the time and
declared Brazil independent from
Portugal!
Some years later, Pedro had to return
to Portugal to save the country from
his old-fashioned, absolutist brother –
so he’s a bit of a hero.
Are you sure that’s a
statue of Pedro?
There’s an urban legend that
the statue isn’t Pedro at all –
That the statue was originally
designed for Emperor
Maximilian of Mexico, but he
was assassinated and the
unwanted statue was sold to
Portugal for cheap.
But the legend has actually
been disproven – the statue
has the Portuguese Coat of
Arms on his buttons.
P.S. Lisbon was
the first city to
import Guinness
but not until 1811 –
when the king was
already in Brazil
Q4:
WHO SURVIVED THE 1755 EARTHQUAKE?
The Royal Family and…
People praying in church Prostitutes
Everyone in Morocco
The head of
the Portuguese government
On 1 November 1755, a
historically massive earthquake
hit Lisbon. Its magnitude on the
Richter Scale was between 8 and
9 – the same as 32,000
Hiroshima atomic bombs.
It is estimated that up to 100,000
lives were lost – up to 50% of the
population.
You can see a statue of King
José – he and the royal family
survived because they were
having a picnic in the hills. The
king was nonetheless traumatised
and instead of rebuilding Lisbon,
he went to live in the hills in a
post tent.
Pastel de nata
originate
from
the
1700s
A QUESTION FOR PRAÇA DO COMERCIO