This document discusses citizenship education and thinking routines to develop students' skills. It presents mind mapping, look think and wonder, peel the fruit, and open compare and contrast as thinking routines. These routines help students organize their thoughts, make observations, develop understanding of complex topics, and find similarities and differences. The document also mentions developing social skills through activities like roleplaying empathy, giving opinions, sharing feelings and thoughts, and cooperative working. The overall aim is to encourage creativity, spontaneity, expression, analysis, sharing, and evolution of ideas to grow students' understanding.