The document discusses the venous system, shock, and edema. It defines shock as the failure of the cardiovascular system to deliver enough oxygen and nutrients to meet cellular needs, leading to lactic acidosis and cell death. The causes of shock listed include hypovolemic shock from fluid loss, cardiogenic shock from heart issues, septic shock from toxins or inflammation, neurogenic shock from increased parasympathetic activity, and anaphylactic shock from vascular dilation. Edema is defined as excess fluid accumulation in tissues that can be superficial or deep, caused by increased hydrostatic pressure, decreased osmotic pressure, impaired lymphatic drainage, or increased permeability during inflammation.

1. CLASS -7
• SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION—VENOUS SYSTEM

22. CIRCULATION

28. SHOCK
• FAILURE OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM TO
DELIVER ENOUGH OXYGEN & NUTRIENTS TO
MEET CELLULAR & METABOLIC NEEDS –LEADING
TO LACTIC ACIDOSIS & CELL DEATH
• RESPONSE TO SHOCK—RAA SYSTEM
ACTIVATION;INCREASE IN ADH ;SYMPATHETIC
STIMULATION
• FEATURES—LOW BP,TACHYCARDIA,WEAKNESS,
COLD CLAMMY SKIN ,MENTAL CONFUSION ,
NAUSEA-VOMITING,LOW URINE OUTPUT

29. SHOCK -CAUSES
• HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK—20% Reduction in fluid volume
in body, eg diarrhea, vomiting bleeding burn
• CARDIOGENIC SHOCK—poor heart function following
CCF ,MI
• SEPTIC SHOCK –Due to circulating toxin resulting in
vasodilatation-poor contractility of heart,or massive
inflammatory reaction
• NEUROGENIC SHOCK—INCREASED PARASYMPATHETIC
ACTIVITY—vasovagalshock
• ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK -Vascular dilatation &shock

30. EDEMA
• Excess fluid accumulation in tissues
• Superficial /Deep
• Due to
– Increased hydrostatic pressure
– Decreased osmotic pressure
– Impaired lymphatic drainage
– Increased permeability with inflammation
• Ascitis , pleural effusion ,pericardial effusion
• Superficial dependent edema