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Circulatory System
by S Jacob
CLASS 1
• CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
• BLOOD
• HAEMATOLOGY
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
• CONSIST OF
– BLOOD
– BLOOD VESSELS
– HEART
BLOOD
• BLOOD IS A CONNECTIVE TISSUE VOLUME 4-5
L IN FEMALE & 5-6 L IN MALE
• ALL CELLS ARE EXPOSED TO BLOOD VESSELS
• CELLS RECEIVE OXYGEN & REMOVE CO2 VIA
BLOOD
• HAS PLASMA & CELLS
• DENSER & VISCOUS THAN WATER
• TEMPERATURE 38 DEGREE-1 DEGREE MORE
THAN BODY
• PH 7.35-7.45
BLOOD
• CONSTITUES 8% OF BODY WEIGHT
• CONSTITUES 20% OF ECF
• 55%PLASMA & 45% CELLS & FRAGMENTS
BLOOD TESTS
• HAEMOGLOBIN
• NEMATOCRIT- % OF BLOOD VOLUME
OCCUPIED BY HEMOGLOBIN, NORMAL 38-46
IN FEMALES,40-54 IN MALES >65%
POLYCYTHEMIA
• TLC,DLC
• PERIPHERAL SMEAR
• ABSOLUTE COUNTS
• BONE MARROW EXAMINATION
HEMOGLOBIN
• Made of 4 heme pigments
• 4 polypeptide chains & 4 globins
• Centre of heme is Iron ; can combine
irreversibly with 1 oxygen molecule
• Each hemoglobin can carry 4 oxygen
molecules Only 23% of CO2 is carried by it
• RBC has 280 million Hemoglobin molecules
• When all 4 sites are occupied Hb is saturated
• Oxyhemoglobin breaks down faster when pH
is low ,O2 is low ,Temp high
FORMATION OF BLOOD CELLS
• BLOOD CELLS LIVE ONLY FOR
HOURS,DAYS,WEEKS
• ORIGINATE FROM PLEURIPOTENT/STEM CELLS
• PROCESS OF BLOOD FORMATION IS CALLED
HEMOPOIESIS
• IN FETUS-YOLK SAC ,LAST 3 MONTHS-RED
BONE MARROW(ALL MARROW)
• RED BONE MARROW-IN ADULTS
Circulatory System For nurses 01.ppt

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Circulatory System For nurses 01.ppt

  • 2. CLASS 1 • CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM • BLOOD • HAEMATOLOGY
  • 3. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM • CONSIST OF – BLOOD – BLOOD VESSELS – HEART
  • 4. BLOOD • BLOOD IS A CONNECTIVE TISSUE VOLUME 4-5 L IN FEMALE & 5-6 L IN MALE • ALL CELLS ARE EXPOSED TO BLOOD VESSELS • CELLS RECEIVE OXYGEN & REMOVE CO2 VIA BLOOD • HAS PLASMA & CELLS • DENSER & VISCOUS THAN WATER • TEMPERATURE 38 DEGREE-1 DEGREE MORE THAN BODY • PH 7.35-7.45
  • 5. BLOOD • CONSTITUES 8% OF BODY WEIGHT • CONSTITUES 20% OF ECF • 55%PLASMA & 45% CELLS & FRAGMENTS
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13. BLOOD TESTS • HAEMOGLOBIN • NEMATOCRIT- % OF BLOOD VOLUME OCCUPIED BY HEMOGLOBIN, NORMAL 38-46 IN FEMALES,40-54 IN MALES >65% POLYCYTHEMIA • TLC,DLC • PERIPHERAL SMEAR • ABSOLUTE COUNTS • BONE MARROW EXAMINATION
  • 14.
  • 15. HEMOGLOBIN • Made of 4 heme pigments • 4 polypeptide chains & 4 globins • Centre of heme is Iron ; can combine irreversibly with 1 oxygen molecule • Each hemoglobin can carry 4 oxygen molecules Only 23% of CO2 is carried by it • RBC has 280 million Hemoglobin molecules • When all 4 sites are occupied Hb is saturated • Oxyhemoglobin breaks down faster when pH is low ,O2 is low ,Temp high
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18. FORMATION OF BLOOD CELLS • BLOOD CELLS LIVE ONLY FOR HOURS,DAYS,WEEKS • ORIGINATE FROM PLEURIPOTENT/STEM CELLS • PROCESS OF BLOOD FORMATION IS CALLED HEMOPOIESIS • IN FETUS-YOLK SAC ,LAST 3 MONTHS-RED BONE MARROW(ALL MARROW) • RED BONE MARROW-IN ADULTS