This document provides an overview of Chapter 4 from the 4th edition of the textbook Psychology by Saundra K. Ciccarelli and J. Noland White. The chapter covers various topics related to consciousness including different levels of consciousness, the necessity and stages of sleep, dreaming, hypnosis, and the effects of psychoactive drugs. The chapter includes learning objectives, definitions of key terms, descriptions of theories, and explanations of concepts such as sleep disorders, dream theories, and the differences between physical and psychological drug dependence.
This document provides an overview of sleep and consciousness. It begins by defining key states of consciousness like waking, sleeping, dreaming, and altered states. It then describes the circadian rhythm and biological clock. The stages of sleep are outlined as well as theories about why we sleep and what happens when we don't get enough. Common sleep problems like insomnia are explained along with treatments. The document also discusses hypnosis, defining it and comparing theories. Finally, it looks at psychoactive drugs, how they affect the brain, major drug categories, and addiction.
This document contains chapter sections from the 4th edition of the textbook "Psychology" by Saundra K. Ciccarelli and J. Noland White. It covers key topics relating to consciousness, including different levels of consciousness, the stages and purpose of sleep, dreaming, hypnosis, and the effects of various psychoactive drugs like stimulants, depressants, and hallucinogens. The document provides learning objectives for the chapter and definitions or explanations of important concepts in brief paragraph or bullet point form.
The document is a chapter from a psychology textbook that discusses the biological perspective of psychology. It covers topics like the structure and function of the nervous system, neurons, and neurotransmitters. Specifically, it describes how neurons communicate with each other through synaptic transmission using neurotransmitters, and how the central nervous system including the brain and spinal cord allow for processing and coordination of the body's functions. The chapter aims to explain these concepts in order to further understanding of behavior from a biological standpoint.
The document discusses various topics related to consciousness, including sleep, dreams, hypnosis, and psychoactive drugs. It covers levels of consciousness, the stages and purposes of sleep, theories of dreaming, how hypnosis works, and the effects of different classes of drugs like stimulants and depressants. The key learning objectives are about consciousness, sleep, dreaming, hypnosis, drug dependence and effects, and specific drugs. Figures and examples are provided to illustrate concepts like sleep stages, brain activity during sleep, and common sleep disorders.
This document is from a psychology textbook that introduces students to the field of psychology. It covers the history and evolution of psychology from its early structural and functional roots to modern perspectives like behaviorism, psychoanalysis, humanism, and cognitivism. Some key figures discussed include Wilhelm Wundt, Ivan Pavlov, Sigmund Freud, B.F. Skinner, Abraham Maslow, and Carl Rogers. The document also defines psychology as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes and outlines its goals of description, explanation, prediction, and control.
This document provides an overview of learning concepts from classical and operant conditioning. It begins with definitions of learning and discusses Ivan Pavlov's discovery of classical conditioning in dogs. Key concepts in classical conditioning like unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, and conditioned response are defined. Operant conditioning is introduced as voluntary behavior learned through consequences. B.F. Skinner's operant conditioning research using rat experiments in Skinner boxes is described. Important operant conditioning concepts like reinforcement, positive vs. negative reinforcement, and shaping behavior are summarized.
This document provides an overview of the biological perspective in psychology and the structure and function of the nervous system. It discusses the nervous system and different types of neurons. It describes how neurons communicate via neurotransmitters at synapses and the role of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Specifically, it details the somatic and autonomic nervous systems and their functions. The document also examines the endocrine system and hormones produced by glands like the pituitary, pineal, thyroid and pancreas that influence behavior.
This document provides an overview of sleep and consciousness. It begins by defining key states of consciousness like waking, sleeping, dreaming, and altered states. It then describes the circadian rhythm and biological clock. The stages of sleep are outlined as well as theories about why we sleep and what happens when we don't get enough. Common sleep problems like insomnia are explained along with treatments. The document also discusses hypnosis, defining it and comparing theories. Finally, it looks at psychoactive drugs, how they affect the brain, major drug categories, and addiction.
This document contains chapter sections from the 4th edition of the textbook "Psychology" by Saundra K. Ciccarelli and J. Noland White. It covers key topics relating to consciousness, including different levels of consciousness, the stages and purpose of sleep, dreaming, hypnosis, and the effects of various psychoactive drugs like stimulants, depressants, and hallucinogens. The document provides learning objectives for the chapter and definitions or explanations of important concepts in brief paragraph or bullet point form.
The document is a chapter from a psychology textbook that discusses the biological perspective of psychology. It covers topics like the structure and function of the nervous system, neurons, and neurotransmitters. Specifically, it describes how neurons communicate with each other through synaptic transmission using neurotransmitters, and how the central nervous system including the brain and spinal cord allow for processing and coordination of the body's functions. The chapter aims to explain these concepts in order to further understanding of behavior from a biological standpoint.
The document discusses various topics related to consciousness, including sleep, dreams, hypnosis, and psychoactive drugs. It covers levels of consciousness, the stages and purposes of sleep, theories of dreaming, how hypnosis works, and the effects of different classes of drugs like stimulants and depressants. The key learning objectives are about consciousness, sleep, dreaming, hypnosis, drug dependence and effects, and specific drugs. Figures and examples are provided to illustrate concepts like sleep stages, brain activity during sleep, and common sleep disorders.
This document is from a psychology textbook that introduces students to the field of psychology. It covers the history and evolution of psychology from its early structural and functional roots to modern perspectives like behaviorism, psychoanalysis, humanism, and cognitivism. Some key figures discussed include Wilhelm Wundt, Ivan Pavlov, Sigmund Freud, B.F. Skinner, Abraham Maslow, and Carl Rogers. The document also defines psychology as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes and outlines its goals of description, explanation, prediction, and control.
This document provides an overview of learning concepts from classical and operant conditioning. It begins with definitions of learning and discusses Ivan Pavlov's discovery of classical conditioning in dogs. Key concepts in classical conditioning like unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, and conditioned response are defined. Operant conditioning is introduced as voluntary behavior learned through consequences. B.F. Skinner's operant conditioning research using rat experiments in Skinner boxes is described. Important operant conditioning concepts like reinforcement, positive vs. negative reinforcement, and shaping behavior are summarized.
This document provides an overview of the biological perspective in psychology and the structure and function of the nervous system. It discusses the nervous system and different types of neurons. It describes how neurons communicate via neurotransmitters at synapses and the role of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Specifically, it details the somatic and autonomic nervous systems and their functions. The document also examines the endocrine system and hormones produced by glands like the pituitary, pineal, thyroid and pancreas that influence behavior.
This document provides an overview of a psychology textbook chapter on memory. It discusses the three main processes of memory: encoding, storage, and retrieval. It describes several models of how memory works, including the information processing model and levels of processing model. It also outlines the different types of memory, including sensory memory, short-term memory, working memory, and long-term memory. Within long-term memory, it distinguishes between declarative and nondeclarative memory.
This document is from a psychology textbook and covers learning through classical and operant conditioning. It defines key concepts such as reinforcement, punishment, extinction, and conditioning. Classical conditioning links an unconditioned stimulus that naturally produces a reflex response to a conditioned stimulus through repeated pairings, resulting in the conditioned stimulus eliciting the reflex. Operant conditioning is learning through consequences of behaviors, where reinforcement increases behaviors and punishment decreases them.
The document discusses Chapter 14 from the textbook Psychology, 4th Edition. It covers psychological disorders such as anxiety disorders, mood disorders, eating disorders, and schizophrenia. It defines abnormal behavior and explains different models for understanding psychological disorders, including biological, psychodynamic, behavioral, and cognitive models. It also discusses the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and how it classifies over 250 psychological disorders.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to memory from a psychology textbook. It discusses the three processes of memory (encoding, storage, retrieval) and different models of memory, including the information processing model. It also describes the three main stages of memory (sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory), and delves into the different types of long-term memory (procedural, declarative) and how memories are organized in semantic networks. Various memory tests and effects are discussed, including the distinction between recall and recognition.
This document contains sections from a psychology textbook on motivation and emotion. It discusses early theories of motivation including instinct approaches and drive-reduction theory, which viewed behavior as arising from physiological needs and drives. Later sections cover arousal theory, incentive approaches, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, and self-determination theory. On emotion, it defines the three elements and discusses theories like James-Lange and Cannon-Bard. Brain areas involved in emotion are identified, and facial expressions are discussed.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 14 from the textbook Psychology, Third Edition by Saundra K. Ciccarelli and J. Noland White. It covers explanations of mental illness from ancient times to modern definitions. It describes the major types of psychological disorders according to the DSM-IV-TR including anxiety disorders, mood disorders, eating disorders, dissociative disorders, and schizophrenia. The causes and symptoms of each type of disorder are explained from biological, psychological, cognitive, and learning perspectives.
This document discusses altered states of consciousness, including sleep, dreams, hypnosis, and drugs. It covers the stages of sleep and dreams, common sleep disorders, theories of sleep and dreams, and the process of hypnosis. It also provides an overview of stimulant drugs and their effects on the nervous system.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to motivation and emotion from a psychology textbook. It includes learning objectives on topics like instinct and drive-reduction approaches to motivation, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, theories of emotion, and problems with eating behaviors. Various theories of motivation and emotion are defined, such as the James-Lange theory which proposes that physiological arousal leads to the experience of emotion, and diagrams illustrate concepts like Maslow's hierarchy of needs and the Yerkes-Dodson law on arousal and performance.
This document is a chapter from the textbook Psychology, 4th Edition. It discusses various topics relating to cognition, including thinking and mental images, problem solving, decision making, intelligence, and language. The chapter contains learning objectives, definitions of key terms, and figures to illustrate concepts. It examines theories of intelligence such as Spearman's two-factor theory and Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences.
This document provides an overview of a psychology textbook chapter on cognition and intelligence. It defines key terms related to thinking, problem solving, creativity, and theories of intelligence. It describes how intelligence is measured using tests like the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test and Wechsler Intelligence Tests. These tests provide IQ scores based on a person's mental age compared to their actual age. The document also discusses how IQ tests are constructed, standardized, validated and made reliable to accurately measure intelligence.
The document discusses various topics related to consciousness, including sleep, dreams, hypnosis, and psychoactive drugs. It covers levels of consciousness, the stages and purposes of sleep, theories of dreaming, how hypnosis works, and the effects of different classes of drugs like stimulants and depressants. The key learning objectives are about consciousness, sleep, dreaming, hypnosis, drug dependence and effects, and specific drugs. Diagrams are included to illustrate brain wave patterns during sleep and the typical progression through a night's sleep.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 3 from the 4th edition of the textbook Psychology by Saundra K. Ciccarelli and J. Noland White. The chapter discusses sensation and perception, including how the senses of sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch work. It addresses topics like how light and sound travel through the eye and ear, color vision, visual illusions, and depth perception. The summaries focus on key aspects of sensation and the structure and function of sensory organs.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 3 from the 4th edition of the textbook Psychology by Saundra K. Ciccarelli and J. Noland White. The chapter discusses sensation and perception, including how the senses of sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch work. It addresses topics like how light and sound travel through the eye and ear, color vision, visual illusions, and depth perception. The summaries focus on key aspects of sensation and the structure and function of sensory organs.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 14 from the textbook Psychology, Third Edition by Saundra K. Ciccarelli and J. Noland White. It covers explanations of mental illness from ancient times to modern definitions. It describes the major types of psychological disorders according to the DSM-IV-TR including anxiety disorders, mood disorders, eating disorders, dissociative disorders, and schizophrenia. The causes and symptoms of each type of disorder are explained from biological, psychological, cognitive, and learning perspectives.
This document is from a psychology textbook that introduces students to the field of psychology. It covers the history and evolution of psychology from its early structural and functional roots to modern perspectives like behaviorism, psychoanalysis, humanism, and cognitivism. Some key figures discussed include Wilhelm Wundt, Ivan Pavlov, Sigmund Freud, B.F. Skinner, Abraham Maslow, and Carl Rogers. The document also defines psychology as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes and outlines its goals of description, explanation, prediction, and control.
This document is an excerpt from the textbook Psychology, 4th Edition. It provides an overview of the key topics covered in Chapter 1, which introduces psychology as a field of study. The chapter discusses the definition and goals of psychology, the early approaches of structuralism, functionalism, Gestalt psychology, psychoanalysis, and behaviorism. It also covers the modern perspectives of psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive psychology. Important figures discussed include Wundt, Titchener, Freud, Skinner, Maslow, and Rogers. The chapter examines psychology as a science and the use of the scientific method in studying behavior and mental processes.
This document is a chapter from the textbook Psychology, 4th Edition. It discusses motivation and emotion. Key topics covered include definitions of motivation, instinct and drive-reduction theories of motivation, arousal and incentive approaches, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, bodily causes of hunger, and social factors that influence hunger. The chapter also examines the elements of emotion, theories of emotion, and cognitive theories of emotion. Learning objectives are listed for each section.
The document discusses Chapter 14 from the textbook Psychology, 4th Edition. It covers psychological disorders such as:
- Definitions of abnormal behavior and how mental illness was historically explained. Current definitions focus on distress, impairment, and deviation from social norms.
- Major models for understanding disorders, including biological, psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, and sociocultural models. The biopsychosocial model integrates multiple factors.
- Overview of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and types of psychological disorders. About 26% of Americans experience a mental disorder in a given year.
- Specific anxiety, trauma/stress, mood, eating, diss
This document is from a psychology textbook and covers learning through classical and operant conditioning. It defines key concepts such as reinforcement, punishment, extinction, and conditioning. Classical conditioning links an unconditioned stimulus that naturally produces a reflex response to a conditioned stimulus through repeated pairings, resulting in the conditioned stimulus eliciting the reflex. Operant conditioning is learning through consequences of behaviors, where reinforcement increases behaviors and punishment decreases them.
The document discusses various states of consciousness including sleep, dreams, meditation, hypnosis, and psychoactive drugs. It provides information on circadian rhythms and how they regulate bodily functions. It describes the stages of non-REM and REM sleep and how sleep patterns change across the lifespan. Side effects of sleep deprivation are outlined as well as various sleep disorders. Theories of dreaming and how they differ from Freud's views are summarized. Benefits of meditation and explanations of hypnosis are provided. Finally, it describes how different classes of psychoactive drugs like stimulants, depressants, and hallucinogens affect the brain and behavior.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in psychology. It discusses the definition and goals of psychology, including description, explanation, prediction, and control. Early perspectives in psychology are reviewed such as structuralism, functionalism, Gestalt psychology, psychoanalysis, and behaviorism. Modern perspectives like the psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive, sociocultural, biopsychological, and evolutionary perspectives are also summarized. The roles of different psychological professionals are defined. Finally, the scientific method and descriptive research methods like naturalistic observation, case studies, and surveys are outlined.
This document provides an overview of the key concepts in the first chapter of a psychology textbook. It defines psychology as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes, and outlines the four main goals of psychology: description, explanation, prediction, and control. It discusses early perspectives in psychology like structuralism, functionalism, Gestalt psychology, psychoanalysis, and behaviorism. It also covers modern perspectives like the psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive, sociocultural, biopsychological, and evolutionary perspectives. Finally, it discusses research methods in psychology like case studies, surveys, and the scientific method.
This document provides an overview of a psychology textbook chapter on memory. It discusses the three main processes of memory: encoding, storage, and retrieval. It describes several models of how memory works, including the information processing model and levels of processing model. It also outlines the different types of memory, including sensory memory, short-term memory, working memory, and long-term memory. Within long-term memory, it distinguishes between declarative and nondeclarative memory.
This document is from a psychology textbook and covers learning through classical and operant conditioning. It defines key concepts such as reinforcement, punishment, extinction, and conditioning. Classical conditioning links an unconditioned stimulus that naturally produces a reflex response to a conditioned stimulus through repeated pairings, resulting in the conditioned stimulus eliciting the reflex. Operant conditioning is learning through consequences of behaviors, where reinforcement increases behaviors and punishment decreases them.
The document discusses Chapter 14 from the textbook Psychology, 4th Edition. It covers psychological disorders such as anxiety disorders, mood disorders, eating disorders, and schizophrenia. It defines abnormal behavior and explains different models for understanding psychological disorders, including biological, psychodynamic, behavioral, and cognitive models. It also discusses the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and how it classifies over 250 psychological disorders.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to memory from a psychology textbook. It discusses the three processes of memory (encoding, storage, retrieval) and different models of memory, including the information processing model. It also describes the three main stages of memory (sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory), and delves into the different types of long-term memory (procedural, declarative) and how memories are organized in semantic networks. Various memory tests and effects are discussed, including the distinction between recall and recognition.
This document contains sections from a psychology textbook on motivation and emotion. It discusses early theories of motivation including instinct approaches and drive-reduction theory, which viewed behavior as arising from physiological needs and drives. Later sections cover arousal theory, incentive approaches, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, and self-determination theory. On emotion, it defines the three elements and discusses theories like James-Lange and Cannon-Bard. Brain areas involved in emotion are identified, and facial expressions are discussed.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 14 from the textbook Psychology, Third Edition by Saundra K. Ciccarelli and J. Noland White. It covers explanations of mental illness from ancient times to modern definitions. It describes the major types of psychological disorders according to the DSM-IV-TR including anxiety disorders, mood disorders, eating disorders, dissociative disorders, and schizophrenia. The causes and symptoms of each type of disorder are explained from biological, psychological, cognitive, and learning perspectives.
This document discusses altered states of consciousness, including sleep, dreams, hypnosis, and drugs. It covers the stages of sleep and dreams, common sleep disorders, theories of sleep and dreams, and the process of hypnosis. It also provides an overview of stimulant drugs and their effects on the nervous system.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to motivation and emotion from a psychology textbook. It includes learning objectives on topics like instinct and drive-reduction approaches to motivation, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, theories of emotion, and problems with eating behaviors. Various theories of motivation and emotion are defined, such as the James-Lange theory which proposes that physiological arousal leads to the experience of emotion, and diagrams illustrate concepts like Maslow's hierarchy of needs and the Yerkes-Dodson law on arousal and performance.
This document is a chapter from the textbook Psychology, 4th Edition. It discusses various topics relating to cognition, including thinking and mental images, problem solving, decision making, intelligence, and language. The chapter contains learning objectives, definitions of key terms, and figures to illustrate concepts. It examines theories of intelligence such as Spearman's two-factor theory and Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences.
This document provides an overview of a psychology textbook chapter on cognition and intelligence. It defines key terms related to thinking, problem solving, creativity, and theories of intelligence. It describes how intelligence is measured using tests like the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test and Wechsler Intelligence Tests. These tests provide IQ scores based on a person's mental age compared to their actual age. The document also discusses how IQ tests are constructed, standardized, validated and made reliable to accurately measure intelligence.
The document discusses various topics related to consciousness, including sleep, dreams, hypnosis, and psychoactive drugs. It covers levels of consciousness, the stages and purposes of sleep, theories of dreaming, how hypnosis works, and the effects of different classes of drugs like stimulants and depressants. The key learning objectives are about consciousness, sleep, dreaming, hypnosis, drug dependence and effects, and specific drugs. Diagrams are included to illustrate brain wave patterns during sleep and the typical progression through a night's sleep.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 3 from the 4th edition of the textbook Psychology by Saundra K. Ciccarelli and J. Noland White. The chapter discusses sensation and perception, including how the senses of sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch work. It addresses topics like how light and sound travel through the eye and ear, color vision, visual illusions, and depth perception. The summaries focus on key aspects of sensation and the structure and function of sensory organs.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 3 from the 4th edition of the textbook Psychology by Saundra K. Ciccarelli and J. Noland White. The chapter discusses sensation and perception, including how the senses of sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch work. It addresses topics like how light and sound travel through the eye and ear, color vision, visual illusions, and depth perception. The summaries focus on key aspects of sensation and the structure and function of sensory organs.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 14 from the textbook Psychology, Third Edition by Saundra K. Ciccarelli and J. Noland White. It covers explanations of mental illness from ancient times to modern definitions. It describes the major types of psychological disorders according to the DSM-IV-TR including anxiety disorders, mood disorders, eating disorders, dissociative disorders, and schizophrenia. The causes and symptoms of each type of disorder are explained from biological, psychological, cognitive, and learning perspectives.
This document is from a psychology textbook that introduces students to the field of psychology. It covers the history and evolution of psychology from its early structural and functional roots to modern perspectives like behaviorism, psychoanalysis, humanism, and cognitivism. Some key figures discussed include Wilhelm Wundt, Ivan Pavlov, Sigmund Freud, B.F. Skinner, Abraham Maslow, and Carl Rogers. The document also defines psychology as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes and outlines its goals of description, explanation, prediction, and control.
This document is an excerpt from the textbook Psychology, 4th Edition. It provides an overview of the key topics covered in Chapter 1, which introduces psychology as a field of study. The chapter discusses the definition and goals of psychology, the early approaches of structuralism, functionalism, Gestalt psychology, psychoanalysis, and behaviorism. It also covers the modern perspectives of psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive psychology. Important figures discussed include Wundt, Titchener, Freud, Skinner, Maslow, and Rogers. The chapter examines psychology as a science and the use of the scientific method in studying behavior and mental processes.
This document is a chapter from the textbook Psychology, 4th Edition. It discusses motivation and emotion. Key topics covered include definitions of motivation, instinct and drive-reduction theories of motivation, arousal and incentive approaches, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, bodily causes of hunger, and social factors that influence hunger. The chapter also examines the elements of emotion, theories of emotion, and cognitive theories of emotion. Learning objectives are listed for each section.
The document discusses Chapter 14 from the textbook Psychology, 4th Edition. It covers psychological disorders such as:
- Definitions of abnormal behavior and how mental illness was historically explained. Current definitions focus on distress, impairment, and deviation from social norms.
- Major models for understanding disorders, including biological, psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, and sociocultural models. The biopsychosocial model integrates multiple factors.
- Overview of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and types of psychological disorders. About 26% of Americans experience a mental disorder in a given year.
- Specific anxiety, trauma/stress, mood, eating, diss
This document is from a psychology textbook and covers learning through classical and operant conditioning. It defines key concepts such as reinforcement, punishment, extinction, and conditioning. Classical conditioning links an unconditioned stimulus that naturally produces a reflex response to a conditioned stimulus through repeated pairings, resulting in the conditioned stimulus eliciting the reflex. Operant conditioning is learning through consequences of behaviors, where reinforcement increases behaviors and punishment decreases them.
The document discusses various states of consciousness including sleep, dreams, meditation, hypnosis, and psychoactive drugs. It provides information on circadian rhythms and how they regulate bodily functions. It describes the stages of non-REM and REM sleep and how sleep patterns change across the lifespan. Side effects of sleep deprivation are outlined as well as various sleep disorders. Theories of dreaming and how they differ from Freud's views are summarized. Benefits of meditation and explanations of hypnosis are provided. Finally, it describes how different classes of psychoactive drugs like stimulants, depressants, and hallucinogens affect the brain and behavior.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in psychology. It discusses the definition and goals of psychology, including description, explanation, prediction, and control. Early perspectives in psychology are reviewed such as structuralism, functionalism, Gestalt psychology, psychoanalysis, and behaviorism. Modern perspectives like the psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive, sociocultural, biopsychological, and evolutionary perspectives are also summarized. The roles of different psychological professionals are defined. Finally, the scientific method and descriptive research methods like naturalistic observation, case studies, and surveys are outlined.
This document provides an overview of the key concepts in the first chapter of a psychology textbook. It defines psychology as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes, and outlines the four main goals of psychology: description, explanation, prediction, and control. It discusses early perspectives in psychology like structuralism, functionalism, Gestalt psychology, psychoanalysis, and behaviorism. It also covers modern perspectives like the psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive, sociocultural, biopsychological, and evolutionary perspectives. Finally, it discusses research methods in psychology like case studies, surveys, and the scientific method.
This document provides an overview of key topics related to consciousness, including biological rhythms and sleep cycles, modern levels of consciousness, hypnosis, and the effects of drugs on consciousness. Some key points:
- Biological rhythms like circadian rhythms and sleep-wake cycles influence daily functioning and are regulated by structures like the pineal gland and melatonin. Disrupting these rhythms can cause issues like jet lag.
- There are different levels of consciousness including conscious awareness, the preconscious which stores memories not currently in thought, and the unconscious which controls automatic processes.
- Sleep cycles through stages including light, deep, and REM sleep, each characterized by different brain wave patterns. Sleep allows
There are three main types of consciousness: sensory awareness of the outside world, direct inner awareness of internal thoughts and feelings, and sense of self or awareness of one's own existence. Sleep occurs in five stages, with stages 3 and 4 being the deepest sleep. Several common sleep problems include insomnia, nightmares, night terrors, sleepwalking, sleep apnea, and narcolepsy. Altered states of consciousness while awake can be achieved through meditation, biofeedback, and hypnosis. Drugs like depressants and narcotics slow down the nervous system and induce relaxation or sleep, while stimulants like nicotine, amphetamines, and cocaine increase nervous system activity and produce feelings of pleasure, increased
The document is a chapter from a psychology textbook that discusses the biological perspective of psychology. It covers topics like the structure and function of the nervous system, neurons, and neurotransmitters. Specifically, it describes how neurons communicate with each other through synaptic transmission using neurotransmitters, and how the central nervous system is organized, including the brain and spinal cord. The chapter aims to explain the basic biology underlying human behavior and mental processes.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to motivation and emotion from a psychology textbook. It includes learning objectives on topics like instinct and drive-reduction approaches to motivation, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, theories of emotion, and problems with eating behaviors. Various theories of motivation and emotion are defined, such as the James-Lange theory which proposes that physiological arousal leads to the experience of emotion, and diagrams illustrate concepts like Maslow's hierarchy of needs and the Yerkes-Dodson law on arousal and performance.
Keynote Address -Lilly Conference on Teaching for Active & Engaged LearningTerrence Doyle
The document discusses the importance of sleep for health, learning, and memory. It notes that sleep is regulated by circadian rhythms and processes like the release of melatonin and buildup of adenosine. Most adults need 7-9 hours of sleep per night, but many Americans are chronically sleep deprived. Lack of sufficient sleep can impair brain function and increase risks of issues like car accidents, obesity, and disease. The document also examines individual differences in sleep patterns and needs between "larks" and "night owls."
This document provides an overview of Chapter 3 from the textbook "Psychology, Third Edition" by Saundra K. Ciccarelli and J. Noland White. It covers topics related to sensation and perception including how the visual, auditory, and other sensory systems work. Specifically, it details the structure and function of the eye and ear, processes of vision such as color perception, factors that influence hearing, and thresholds for sensory detection. It includes learning objectives for each section and illustrations to enhance understanding of key concepts.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 3 from the textbook "Psychology, Third Edition" by Saundra K. Ciccarelli and J. Noland White. It covers topics related to sensation and perception including how the visual, auditory, and other sensory systems work. Specifically, it discusses sensation and how sensory receptors transmit information to the central nervous system, the structure and function of the eye and ear, visual and auditory perception including color vision and sound, and factors that influence perception such as visual illusions. Learning objectives are provided for each section to guide student learning.
The document discusses consciousness and the sleep cycle. It describes three levels of consciousness: conscious, preconscious, and unconscious. The sleep cycle involves passing through stages of non-REM sleep (stages 1-4) and REM sleep in a repeating 90 minute cycle throughout the night. Stage 3 and 4 non-REM sleep involves slow wave brain activity that is important for restoration. REM sleep involves dreaming and brain activity similar to being awake but the body is paralyzed. Biological rhythms like the circadian rhythm influence sleep patterns on a daily cycle.
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This document discusses suffixes and terminology used in medicine. It begins by listing common combining forms used to build medical terms and their meanings. It then defines several noun, adjective, and shorter suffixes and provides their meanings. Examples are given of medical terms built using combining forms and suffixes. The document also examines specific medical concepts in more depth, such as hernias, blood cells, acromegaly, splenomegaly, and laparoscopy.
The document is a chapter from a medical textbook that discusses anatomical terminology pertaining to the body as a whole. It defines the structural organization of the body from cells to tissues to organs to systems. It also describes the body cavities and identifies the major organs contained within each cavity, as well as anatomical divisions of the abdomen and back.
This document is from a textbook on medical terminology. It discusses the basic structure of medical words and how they are built from prefixes, suffixes, and combining forms. Some key points:
- Medical terms are made up of elements including roots, suffixes, prefixes, and combining vowels. Understanding these elements is important for analyzing terms.
- Common prefixes include hypo-, epi-, and cis-. Common suffixes include -itis, -algia, and -ectomy.
- Dozens of combining forms are provided, such as gastro- meaning stomach, cardi- meaning heart, and aden- meaning gland.
- Rules are provided for analyzing terms, such as reading from the suffix backward and dropping combining vowels before suffixes starting with vowels
This document is the copyright information for Chapter 25 on Cancer from the 6th edition of the textbook Molecular Cell Biology published in 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company. The chapter was authored by a team that includes Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Bretscher, Ploegh, and Matsudaira.
This document is the copyright information for Chapter 24 on Immunology from the 6th edition of the textbook Molecular Cell Biology published in 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company. The chapter was authored by Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Bretscher, Ploegh, and Matsudaira.
Nerve cells, also known as neurons, are highly specialized cells that process and transmit information through electrical and chemical signals. This chapter discusses the structure and function of neurons, how they communicate with each other via synapses, and how signals are propagated along neurons through changes in their membrane potentials. Neurons play a vital role in the nervous system by allowing organisms to process information and coordinate their responses.
This document is the copyright information for Chapter 22 from the 6th edition of the textbook "Molecular Cell Biology" published in 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company. The chapter is titled "The Molecular Cell Biology of Development" and is authored by Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Bretscher, Ploegh, and Matsudaira.
This document is the copyright information for Chapter 21 from the sixth edition of the textbook "Molecular Cell Biology" published in 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company. The chapter is titled "Cell Birth, Lineage, and Death" and is authored by Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Bretscher, Ploegh, and Matsudaira.
This document is the copyright page for Chapter 20 from the 6th edition of the textbook "Molecular Cell Biology" published in 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company. The chapter is titled "Regulating the Eukaryotic Cell Cycle" and is authored by a group of scientists including Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Bretscher, Ploegh, and Matsudaira.
This document is the copyright information for Chapter 19 from the 6th edition textbook "Molecular Cell Biology" published in 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company. The chapter is titled "Integrating Cells into Tissues" and is authored by Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Bretscher, Ploegh, and Matsudaira.
This chapter discusses microtubules and intermediate filaments, which are types of cytoskeletal filaments that help organize and move cellular components. Microtubules are involved in processes like cell division and intracellular transport, while intermediate filaments provide mechanical strength and help integrate the nucleus with the cytoplasm. Together, these filaments play important structural and functional roles in eukaryotic cells.
This chapter discusses microfilaments, which are one of the three main types of cytoskeletal filaments found in eukaryotic cells. Microfilaments are composed of actin filaments and play important roles in cell motility, structure, and intracellular transport. They allow cells to change shape and to move by contracting or extending parts of the cell surface.
This document is the copyright page for Chapter 16 from the 6th edition of the textbook "Molecular Cell Biology" published in 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company. The chapter is titled "Signaling Pathways that Control Gene Activity" and is authored by a group of scientists including Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Bretscher, Ploegh and Matsudaira.
This document is the copyright page for Chapter 15 of the 6th edition textbook "Molecular Cell Biology" by Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Bretscher, Ploegh, and Matsudaira. It provides the chapter title "Cell Signaling I: Signal Transduction and Short-Term Cellular Responses" and notes the copyright is held by W. H. Freeman and Company in 2008.
This document is the copyright page for Chapter 14 from the 6th edition textbook "Molecular Cell Biology" published in 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company. The chapter is titled "Vesicular Traffic, Secretion, and Endocytosis" and is authored by a group of scientists including Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Bretscher, Ploegh and Matsudaira.
This chapter discusses how proteins are transported into membranes and organelles within cells. Proteins destined for membranes or organelles have targeting signals that are recognized by transport systems. The transport systems then direct the proteins to their proper destinations, such as inserting membrane proteins into membranes or delivering soluble proteins into organelles.
This document is the copyright information for Chapter 12 from the sixth edition of the textbook "Molecular Cell Biology" published in 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company. The chapter is titled "Cellular Energetics" and is authored by Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Bretscher, Ploegh, and Matsudaira.
This chapter discusses the transmembrane transport of ions and small molecules across cell membranes. It covers topics such as passive transport through membrane channels and pumps, as well as active transport using ATP. The chapter is from the 6th edition of the textbook Molecular Cell Biology and is copyrighted by W. H. Freeman and Company in 2008.
This document is the copyright information for Chapter 10, titled "Biomembrane Structure", from the sixth edition of the textbook "Molecular Cell Biology" published in 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company. The chapter was written by a team of authors including Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Bretscher, Ploegh and Matsudaira.
This document is the copyright information for Chapter 9 from the 6th edition of the textbook "Molecular Cell Biology" published in 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company. The chapter is titled "Visualizing, Fractionating, and Culturing Cells" and is authored by Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Bretscher, Ploegh, and Matsudaira.
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
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إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
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تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
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Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!