cholesterol.pptx
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This document provides information on cholesterol and prostaglandins. It discusses the molecular formula and structure of cholesterol, its physical properties, and the different forms it exists in. It also describes how cholesterol is synthesized in the liver and its main functions. The document then briefly discusses other related sterols and how prostaglandins are synthesized from arachidonic acid. It concludes by listing some of the main functions of prostaglandins in the body.
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1) Acetylcholine synthesis and degradation, acetylcholine receptors, and myasthenia gravis which is an autoimmune disease affecting acetylcholine receptors.
2) Organophosphate poisoning which inhibits acetylcholinesterase leading to excess acetylcholine and symptoms. Atropine and pralidoxime are used as antidotes.
3) Catecholamines including epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine - their synthesis, functions, and degradation.
4) Parkinson's disease characterized by tremor and rigidity due to degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra.
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Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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The Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collection
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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cholesterol.pptx
- 1. 23-10-2011
- 2. Sterol
- 3. Structure of Cholesterol Molecular formula: C27H45OH
- 4. • Molecular formula: C27H45OH • Possesses cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus • Has an –OH group at C3 • Unsaturated double bond between C5 & C6 • Two –CH3 groups at C10 & C13
- 5. Properties of cholesterol • White or faintly yellow crystalline solid • Almost odourless • Insoluble in water and soluble in ether, chloroform, hot alcohol, ethyl acetate & vegetable oils • Easily crystallizes from such solution in colourless, rhombic plates with one or more characteristic notches in the corner • Melting point: 147oC – 150oC • It can take up two halogen atoms
- 6. Forms of cholesterol • Free form & ester form • Ester from is esterified with fatty acids at –OH group at C3 position • The various fatty acids, which form cholesterol esters are: Linoleic acid 50% Oleic acid 18% Palmitic acid 11% Arachidonic acid 5% Other fatty acids 16%
- 7. Cont.. • In brain & nervous tissue, free form predominates whereas in adrenal cortex its occurs mainly as esterified form • Esterification of cholesterol Lecithin + Cholesterol Lysolecithin + Cholesterol ester LCAT
- 8. Sterols: Cholesterol • Functions – Component of cell membranes – Precursor to other substances • Sterol hormones • Vitamin D • Bile acids • Synthesis – Made mainly in the liver • Food sources – Found only in animal foods
- 9. Other sterols • 7-Dehydrocholesterol • Ergosterol • Stigmasterol & Sitosterol • coprosterol
- 10. Eicosanoids Cycloxygenase Lipoxygenase Prostanoids • Leukotrienes (LTs) • Lipoxins (LXs) Prostaglandins (PGs) Prostacyclins (PG-I) Thromboxanes (Tx)
- 11. Prostaglandins • All naturally occurring PGs are 20C fatty acids containing a cyclopentane ring • Salient structural features: - OH group at 15 position - trans double bond at 13 position • Synthesized aerobically from polyunsaturated fatty acid arachidonic acid with the help of multienzyme complex.
- 12. Classification of prostaglandins 1. PG-E group: PGE1, PGE2 & PGE3 2. PG-F group: PGF1, PGF2 & PGF3 3. PG-A group: PG-A1, PG-A2, 19-OH PG-A1, 19-OH PG-A2 4. PG-B group: PG-B1, PG-B2, 19-OH PG-B1, 19-OH PG-B2 Besides above 14 PGs, PG-C & PG-D group have also been recognised
- 13. Functions of prostaglandins • Antihypertensive: lowers BP • Inhibits platelets aggregation • Inhibits gastric secretion • Stimulates GI musculature (purgative action) • Bronchodilation, used in treatment of bronchial asthma • Increases uterine contration, can be used as abortifacient • Renal action: increases RPF, ↑ in GFR, diuresis • Stimulates renin secretion from JG cells
- 14. Cont.. • Metabolic effects: Decreases lipolysis Insulin like effect TSH like effect Steroidogenesis
- 15. THANK YOU