Chlorine 36 Ages ( Paterson Et Al

Chlorine 36 Ages ( Paterson Et Al
Chlorine–36 ages (Paterson et al., 2005) show a progression with distance over the Dakhla Basin
eastward from 210–230 kyr in Dakhla reaching ~600 kyr in Kharga and northeastward to 320 kyr in
Farafra and 700 kyr in Bahariya (Fig. 5). 36Cl/Cl ratios vertically indicate long, deep flowpaths of
the paleorecharge near the southern highlands of the Uweinat area. Late Quaternary recharge
appears to affect the shallow aquifer horizons only (Paterson et al., 2005).
Krepton–81 ages (Sturchio et al., 2004) show also a progressive increase with distance to the east
and north from the Dakhla Oasis, their spatial distribution indicates relatively high flow velocities
(~1 m/yr–3.17×10–8 m/s) from Dakhla (210 kyr) toward Farafra (330 kyr) along the groundwater
flow, and low velocities (~0.2 m/yr–6.34× 10–9 m/s) from Dakhla toward Kharga and Baris (490–
680 kyr), and from Farafra (330 kyr) toward Bahariya, Bauti–1 (~1000 kyr; Fig. 5). These ages were
interpreted as a local recharge through regional precipitation in the Uweinat area near the
Egyptian/Sudanese border (Sturchio et al., 2004; Paterson et al., 2005).
Chlorine–36 groundwater ages increase progressively eastwards from Siwa to Qattara (Gara) ~ 114
kyr; and northeastwards form west Farafra to north Bahariya by ~ 640–715 kyr (Fig. 5). Their
spatial distribution indicates relatively high flow velocities (~0.66 m/yr–2.09×10–8 m/s) from Siwa
to Qattara (Gara), and from northwest Farafra to north Bahariya (~0.4 m/yr–1.27×10–8 m/s)
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Why Was The Nile River Important
We have the world filled with people, towns, cities, and tons more stuff, but what really covers two–
thirds of the Earth surface is water. When the world adds more populations in our world than our
water sources increases. In our world, we have so many rivers and oceans, but the one river that is
fresh and produces water the most is the Nile River.
Information about the Nile River... Located in Egypt is the world's longest river called the Nile
River. The Nile River flows down to 4,132 miles in northward to the Mediterranean Sea. We have
all types of rivers flowing in different directions, but the Nile River is an unusual direction for a
river to take. The Nile River has made Ancient Egypt popular, so if it wasn't for the river, then it
may ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Nile River is in jeopardy because of a dam. In 1843, a dam was about to be built across the
Nile. The dam was 12 miles down to the city of Cairo. The dam was what everyone was talking
about for a while, although it was completed in the year 1861. After the dam was built, it was then
extended and improved, it was marked as the beginning of the modern irrigation in the Nile Valley.
In the year 1901, the Zifta Barrage was added to the system. Only a year later, in 1902, the Asyut
Barrage was more than 200 miles upstream from Cairo. Then there was the first dam at Aswan that
was built between 1899 and 1902. After years and years, the dam has been enlarged. In 1929 and
1934, the water level rose, but the dam's capacity increased. The Aswan Dam was located to 600
miles upstream from Cairo and 4 miles upstream towards the real Aswan dam that was created.
What was really the dam job? It was to control the Nile water, so the crops could get provided with
water. All of this hard work started in 1959 and then completed in

The Mesopotamia And The Nile River Valley
I chose the Mesopotamia and the Nile River Valley. These two civilizations are two of the most
favorable ancient civilizations. Although these civilizations are similar in many ways, the small, but
impacting differences it what makes these two civilizations stand out the most. The Nile River
Valley was located in northern Africa in a country called Egypt. Mesopotamia was located in
modern day Iraq, Iran, Syria, Kuwait, and parts of Turkey. The origin of Mesopotamia comes from
the meaning "between two rivers." The land is between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Defining
moments for human civilization began within these two.
The Nile River is approximately 4,260 miles long. It holds the record for being the longest river in
the world. The Nile was a life source for Egyptians. The fertile land from the frequent flooding was
very beneficial for Egyptians. They began to grow crops alongside the Nile. Beans, wheat, and
cotton were among the crops being grown. However, the amount of crops grown was limited
because the land did not extend very far. The land good enough to support farming was composed of
two thin strips of land on either side of the river. Farming opened the door to a critical advancement
in human life.
Instead of Egyptians just hunting and gathering food in different locations, they began to settle down
in places permanently. They began to build durable homes instead of temporary shelters. This
caused places to become villages. Villages turned into towns. Towns

Evaluating the Economic, Social and Environmental Impacts...
Evaluating the Economic, Social and Environmental Impacts of Building the AswanDam
Introduction
At 4,132 miles, the Nile River is the largest river in the world. It has its origins in Burundi, south of
the equator, and flows northward through Uganda and into Sudan eventually flowing through Egypt
and finally draining into the Mediterranean Sea. From Lake Victoria (its major source) to the
Mediterranean Sea the Nile's river basin has an area of more than 1,293,049 square miles as shown
on map on page 2.
The Blue Nile and the White Nile are the main tributaries which join together at Khartoum to form
the Nile. The flow of the White Nile is fairly constant but the Blue Nileis affected by ... Show more
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The most famous of these are the Pyramids but the tombs of Nubian Kings were constructed all
along the length of the Nile.
Throughout the year, temperatures are high –between 25 and 35 degrees Centigrade. The Nile serves
as a constant source of water and this enables farming along its banks. The high temperatures
evaporate much of the water and with high rates of evapotranspiration – irrigation is necessary. In
addition to its vital role to agriculture, its waterways also play a major role in transportation. During
seasonal flooding it enables transportation to those areas where road access is not possible.
The Nile is not only of great importance to support many incomes across Africa but is of great
strategic importance as it is a gateway to Africa.
The Aswan Dam
"The High Dam is the greatest project on the River Nile. It is one of the major national projects of
the 20th century by virtue of its impact on irrigation, agriculture and industry in Egypt."
Egypt StateInformation Service
The runoff from the monsoon rain and the melting snow caused the annual summer flood of the Nile
that the Egyptians depended on for water to irrigate their crops, and deposit fertile soil. This annual
flood was the major reason that the areas surrounding the Nile becoming habitable.

At the turn of the 20th century the growth of the population and

Similarities Between Egypt And Mesopotamia
The physical environments of Egypt and Mesopotamia do explain their cultural differences.
Egyptians had natural barriers and fertile, predictable land, while Mesopotamians had unpredictable
land and no protection from invaders. These key differences are the basis of the cultural differences
between the two regions, and explain different parts of their culture, such as their outlook on
life/afterlife and their rulers. Egyptians viewed the afterlife in a very positive way – they believed if
they lived by the standards of "Ma'at", they would end up in the "Happy Field of Food" or "Field of
Offerings" in the afterlife. "Ma'at", simply put, composed of acting in ways that are truthful,
harmonious, moral, balanced, and orderly. In simple terms, Egyptians believed that if they acted
with morality, they would have a happy afterlife with no hunger or pain. Mesopotamians had a much
darker view of life after death: they believed they would spend eternity in the "House of Dust" with
other tortured souls. Mesopotamian gods were not moral or truthful – they cheated, lied, stole, etc.,
and Mesopotamians believed that humans were created simply because the gods grew tired of
working. Mesopotamians worshipped their gods because they believed if they worshipped enough,
they may receive blessings or justice, but this was not guaranteed. Egyptian rulers were viewed as
completely divine incarnations of their gods: Horus in life, and Osiris in death. Egyptian citizens
believed that so long

Essay on The United States and the Suez Crisis of 1956
A: Plan of Investigation
Research Question: To what extent was the goal of U.S. actions surrounding the Suez Crisis of 1956
to preserve neutrality to protect U.S. interests?
Background: In the midst of the Cold War and the Arab–Israeli conflict, conflict arose over Gamal
Abdel Nasser's nationalization of the Suez Canal. This was of particular concern due to Nasser's
increased connection with the Soviet Union, through the Czech Arms agreement and the Aswan
Dam. Following Nasser's nationalization of the Suez Canal, Great Britain, France, and Israel
invaded Egypt. In facing this crisis, the U.S. had to consider Cold War politics with the Soviet
Union, relations with Arab and Israeli nations, and relations with the invading powers
Scope: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We felt this to be a misguided policy on the part of the Government of Egypt." (Eisenhower Radio
and Television Report)
"The Soviet–Egyptian arms deal of September 1955 seemed doubly troubling because it signaled
new departures both in Soviet assertiveness in the region and in an Arab state's receptivity to Soviet
aid." (Hahn 151)
Aswan Dam:
"In exchange for offers of Anglo–U.S. financial aid to build the Aswan Dam in late 1955, Nasser
suspended active opposition to the [Bagdad] pact provided that no other states were recruited to join
it" (Hahn 153).
"Eisenhower hoped that the recent Anglo–U.S. offer to fund construction of the Aswan Dam might
win Nasser's cooperation and that Israel's insecurity stemming from the Soviet–Egyptian arms deal
would force the Jewish state to negotiate" (Hahn 190)
Nasser resumed denouncing the Bagdad Pact (Hahn 153)
According to John Foster Dulles, the US Secretary of State, revoking the Aswan funding offer was
intended to "'let Colonel Nasser realize that he cannot cooperate as he is doing with the

Taking a Look at the Aswan Dam
Assignment #2
The Aswan dam was constructed as a direct response to the rapid population growth within Egypt
during that time. With a population of 26 million by the time construction began on the dam, the
government of Egypt was worried about food and energy demands. The dams original thought was
to provide power and expand available water supplies outside of the flooding season to allow for
higher agricultural yields. The construction of the dam also thought to carry some secondary effect
with it, such as additional fishing grounds and channels for navigation. It was believed that the
additional energy production would also drive down the price of electricity, making it more
affordable. A major aspect of the dam project was the reservoir to hold the floodwaters and control
the release rate. However, the creation of the reservoir flooded a large upper land area requiring the
relocation of over 50,000 Nubian residents. The relocating of residents because of dam construction
is fairly common, as over ten million residents of China of had to relocate as a result of dams, 1.5
million for the three gorges dam alone. The relocation of the Nubians did have a positive effect over
time as their infectious disease rate dropped. Although the relocation did leave them unhappy as
they were moved further into the desert. The reservoir also negatively impacted archaeological sites
in the area, as they were flooded over. The reservoir it self was predicted by some scientists that

Was The Egyptian Revolution Of 1953 More Beneficial Or...
Was the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 more beneficial or consequential? Word Count: 3100 Was the
Egyptian Revolution of 1952 more beneficial or consequential? Abstract This essay investigates the
question 'was the revolution of 1952 in Egypt more beneficial or consequential?' The investigation
makes use of a range of primary and secondary sources and data tables that support economic
growth, Nasser and Sadat's impact and immediate effects of the revolution ... Show more content on
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Ezzat Molouk Kenawy. Both historians identify the pattern of decrease in GDP growth rate but Dr.
Kenawy pins this decrease to the effects of "the war burden was a lot bigger if one considers the
material (weapons and fighting technique, machine, equipment, buildings) and human losses"
Conclusion This essay has sought out to answer the question 'Was the Egyptian Revolution of 1952
more beneficial or consequential?' From the support and claims given throughout a majority of the
primary and secondary sources, it is obvious that the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 served to be more
consequential. There were a handful of benefits to the Egyptian Revolution like the liberation from
Britain, Aswan High Dam, and And Agricultural Land Reform. But even the benefits helped to have
some negative impact imbedded in the event or situation. Though this was not the case with the
liberation from Britain a negotiation and issue sought out for too long, it was an issue when
discussing the Agrarian Reform Law. Nasser did help every individual peasant to an extent but then
there came the question of whether the large landowners benefited. They lost their land, were forced
to own only small part, and this small portion was not enough to aid in the

The Socialization Of Egypt : The Gift Of The Nile
Egypt truly was "the Gift of the Nile" because the Nile economically, spiritually, and socially
provided support for Egypt. Without the Nile, Egypt would have remained a desert full of
helplessness. Many believe that Egypt would have been nothing without the Nile as it is the root of
everything in that nation including some ideas of religion. The Nile provided may things for the land
of Egypt; physical needs, spiritual needs, and mental needs. The Nile allowed for a lot of
socialization. People used the Nile as a means of transportation. It was in a sense, a highway to
travel by. Many people used it that way all year round since the Nile never became too shallow. This
allowed many people to meet while travelling down the Nile. Not only ... Show more content on
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A ship builder was also required to build the thing the goods would be transported on. Another job
the Nile provided was farming which was a big one since most of the people were farmers. Fishing
was also an important job the Nile provided, so many fishermen were needed to catch the Egyptians
food. The Nile provided the Egyptians with an abundance full of water and food. The people living
around the Nile never had to worry about food or water which was remarkable because the desert
pretty much surrounded Egypt. Since the Nile was a big helper in irrigation, it allowed for advanced
technology or new inventions. Since the Nile would rise and consistently flood, the Egyptians had to
find a way to make that work for their crops. So, they came up with an incredible irrigation system
that in the end had the river doing most of the work for them. Religious ideas were another big thing
that the Nile provided. Most of the Egyptians believed that the gods controlled the Nile. Since the
Nile was such a huge part of their lives, they worshipped the gods for controlling it. This is also
where their ideas of the underworld and paradise came from. They believed the rise and fall of the
Nile symbolized life and death. Another reason the Nile was so cherished is because of the animals
in it. Most of the animals in the Nile were sacred to the Egyptians, for example frogs, crocodile,
hippos, etc. The

Ancient Sudan (Nubia)
AFRS 2206 Section 001
Essay #2
Dr. Tanure Ojaide
August 1, 2012
The Nubians Who are the Nubians? Nubians are people of northern Sudan and southern Egypt.
Their history and traditions can be traced to the dawn of civilization. They settled first along the
banks of the Nile from Aswan. Along the Nile, they developed one of the oldest and greatest
civilizations in Africa until they lost their last kingdom five centuries ago. The Nubians remained as
the main rivals to the homeland of Africa's earliest black culture with a history that can be traced
from 3800 B.C. onward through the monuments and artifacts. Ancient Nubia was a land of great
natural wealth, gold mines, ebony, ivory and incense that its neighbors always prized. Sudan had ...
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The city of Napata gained its fame from the religious significance of Gebel Barkal. The Egyptians
promoted the belief the primary form of their god dwelt inside the pure mountain Gebel Barkal.
Egypt's sun–god Amun was represented as either a man with a ram head or as a crowned ram with a
solar disk. It seems as though the Egyptians identified their pre–existing god from the land of Nubia
as a local form of their own supreme god Amun who was considered to be the important source of
the royal power of Egypt and Kush. The city of Meroe located on the east bank of the Nile, was the
second urban center of the binary kingdoms of Kush. This city became the permanent royal
residence of the Kushite Kings of Napata in the fifth century BC. Nubian pottery from the earliest
periods represented the basic plastic material employed in Nubia and Egypt. Primitive drawings and
engravings on Nubian pottery had a form identified of some geometric and symbolic patterns. These
forms have been used on the surface of decorated pottery such as circles, squares, or triangles which
represented the initial signs of most ancient civilizations. During the Neolithic period, people of this
time covered their tools and pottery products with different forms, not particularly of art, but rather
for recording their idea of life. Although these forms represent hidden symbols with no clear
meaning, its purpose or goal was to help unleash the human mind while imagining its

Similarities Between Mesopotamia And Egyptian Civilization
Roots of Western civilization are found in the Middle East, which is Turkey, Palestine, and
Mesopotamia. In Greek Mesopotamia means the land between two rivers, the Tigris and Euphrates
in today's Iraq. Mesopotamia was a collection of assorted cultures who were bonded by their script,
their gods, and their attitude towards women. Mesopotamia is known as the "cradle of civilization"
because of the rise of the city as we recognize that entity today and the invention of writing. Egypt is
often referred to as the "gift of the Nile" because it is located in the largest and driest desert in the
world, the Sahara. Egypt had a peaceful and continuous development compared to other ancient
civilizations. Isolation kept foreign influences and ideas from distorting their cultural balance and
they were free from foreign invasion for most of their history. Egypt was a unified country with one
people, one language, and one religion. The Mesopotamian and the Egyptian civilization are very
similar yet different in their own ways.
The culture of Mesopotamia was one of droughts, floods, survival, and innovations. They had no
lasting stability or balance because invasions by other civilizations brought new ideas. There was no
structure or balance and they tended to go from one crisis to another. One the other hand, the
Egyptian civilization was very balanced and organized. The Maat was the will of the gods that
contained order, justice, and righteousness. It established a moral order and

Gamal Nasser Research Paper
Gamal Abdel Nasser was the second president of Egypt from 1956 until his death in 1970. Nasser
came into power by using the free officers, who are members of the military, to exile King Farouk,
the current monarch during this time period. A column in a magazine named the Business Week
claimed that Nasser was, "definitely moving toward totalitarianism... [Nasser's] secret police have
been taking on Nazi–Communist efficiency." After this event, Nasser put Naguib, the current
president, under house arrest and he declared himself the prime minister in 1955. Then in 1956,
Nasser was elected president by a majority of the votes from people of Egypt. Since Nasser had the
majority of the votes, Nasser had authority from the people of his country ... Show more content on
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To the Egyptians, this was Nasser regularly exercising his authority, but to the majority of the
surrounding countries, they saw it as an act of power. It is argued that Nasser was abusing his power
since he did not communicate with any source of council or legislature about his nationalization of
the canal and that he stripped the power away from the previous owners; the British and the French.
Surrounding countries held a meeting given by the Australian Prime Minister, Robert Menzies,
proposing that Egypt makes Suez Canal international, but Nasser denied this and claimed it to be
legal and still properly functional. If Nasser and his people viewed the canal as still properly
functional and legal, then Nasser's actions were only him exercising his use of authority, not abuse
of power. At this moment, Nasser rejected the proposal of making the canal international. He kept
the ownership of the canal to Egypt even after they proposed a deal, showing Nasser's use of power
in an international way. In a national type of way, Nasser was doing what was right for his country
since the Suez Canal is in his country and the people of his country supported him. The British and
the French then made an ultimatum. They turned Israel on Egypt and this caused Israel to attack
Egypt and to reach the canal. Once this happened, the British and the French came and called for a
ceasefire and they told the people their ultimatums. Nasser still chose to deny the deals which the
British and French proposed knowing that his country will be attacked by a stronger army making
the people of Egypt worried, but they still had faith in the strong leader Nasser was. The people of
Egypt were worried about the casualties to come and didn't consent to Nasser's actions at this point.
Nasser controlled his army and the people and forced them to fight for their

Nile River Impact Of Egypt
The Nile River helped Egypt economically, socially, and religiously, and as a result Egypt was
named "the Gift of the Nile" because of the given history of these great waters. The Nile has
continued for centuries to provide whats necessary for the people of Egypt and their daily lives. The
Nile River is truly a blessing to these people and Egypt would not be the same without it. Without
the Nile, Egypt would have remained a hot desert. The people would have not been able to survive
because there was no way of getting food, water, and other basic needs to survive. The Nile River
was considered "the Gift of the Nile" because of the many ways the river provided for the land. One
of these ways is how the Nile River helped Egypt ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1/3 of Egypt are farmers and all of these farmers in Egypt were very dependent on the Nile River.
Egypt's farmers were depending on the river to flood the area, so that there would be fertile lands.
With fertile lands, the farmers were able to plant crops, that wouldn't die and be healthy. The main
crops that were planted in Egypt were cotton, corn, wheat, barley, rice, sugar cane, sorghum, fruits,
vegetables, and dates. Every year, when the Nile River flooded, the soil was filled with nutrients for
all these crops to grow. One thing that the Nile River really helped with, was that the river provided
so many jobs to many people living in Egypt. Without the Nile River, there would be many
unemployed, which means many that were impecunious. Having so many people with little money
meant that for those who did work, they wouldn't get as much money because a lot of the people
wouldn't be able to afford anything.
Some of these jobs included farmers, because of the flooding so the farmers could plant crops. Then
there were fishermen, who could fish from the Nile River to sell out to the people which was
another way of having food. Without the river, there could be no fishermen to go fishing as the river.
Another important job were the sailors, which would move the boats up and down the river.
Obviously, without the river there could be no sailors. For the sailors to do their job, there had to be
ship builders that would

Disadvantages Of Coptic Architecture
Christianity was the majority religion during the 4th to 6th centuries AD and until the Arab conquest
of Egypt (640–641 AD). The adjective Coptic is variously applied, not without controversy, to a
language and its literature, a church, a historical period, and an entire culture [1]. The actual term
"Copt" and accompanying adjective "Coptic" originate from the Arabic qibt, which itself is a
corruption of the Greek term " (Agyptos) for the people of Egypt. Today, the term "Coptic" refers to
the Christian population of Egypt [2]. Christianity was brought to Egypt by St. Mark the Apostle in
the mid 1st century, this era, also known as the 'Coptic Period'. The Coptic buildings never enjoyed
the patronage of a court. Therefore, the greater part of the Coptic monuments ... Show more content
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Mud–brick became the building material of choice, being the primary material used for domestic
architecture henceforth. Likewise, mud–brick became a standard medium for religious and funerary
architecture. When compared to stone as a construction material, mud–brick presented many
advantages. Unlike stone, mud–brick was universally available, it being possible to produce brick
from Nile alluvium or desert sediments/clays, sand, and water–resources accessible to everyone,
though in varying quantity [5, 6]. Mud–brick was quick to fabricate, especially when compared to
the quarrying of stone blocks, and was therefore more economical, particularly for large
construction projects such as entire palace complexes or row upon row of temple storage magazines
[7]. 1.2 The City of Aswan Aswan is the ancient city of Swenet, which in antiquity was the frontier
town of Ancient Egypt facing the south. Aswan is located about 879 km in the south of

Geography And Climate : Ancient Egypt
Location, Geography and Climate
Ancient Egypt is known to have been the world's longest lasting civilization due to their unique
climatic and geographic conditions, a stable hierarchical society of government, and a religion that
revolves around death and afterlife. Egypt's glory went on for over four millennia from around 5500
B.C.E. to its conquest by the Greek in 332 B.C.E.
Egypt is located in the northern edge of the Sahara desert, with the river Nile dissecting the land
from the south to the north. Herodotus, a Greek Historian, in the fifth century wrote about his travels
in Egypt where he portrayed the importance of the beautiful Nile as:
" Egypt is the gift of the Nile. (1)"
From the beginning the greatness of Egypt came from the Nile (figure 1). The Nile was an artery of
Egypt that connected the Upper and Lower side of Egypt and also offered them protection from any
outside invasion. The Nile was a paradise for people as its fresh water overflowed its bank yearly
creating a fertile valley. As Egypt is a hot and dry place with very few trees and vegetation, over
time, people started to settle along the borders of the Nile, where they started to develop strong
agricultural communities. Due to the lack of intensity and predictability of the Niles seasons, it
allowed the Egyptians to become successful, as it was cooler and easier to harvest crops. The
Egyptians then began to build canals, terraced fields and ditches to control water and increasing
their crop

Personal Narrative: The Reverence Of Water
me of us who live in arid parts of the world think about water with a reverence others might find
excessive. The water I will draw tomorrow from my tap in Malibu is today crossing the Mojave
Desert from the Colorado River, and I like to think about exactly where that water is. The water I
will drink tonight in a restaurant in Hollywood is by now well down the Los Angeles Aqueduct from
the Owens River, and I also think about exactly where that water is: I particularly like to imagine it
as it cascades down the 45–degree stone steps that aerate Owens water after its airless passage
through the mountain pipes and siphons. As it happens my own reverence for water has always
taken the form of this constant meditation upon where the water is, of

The Nile River-Egypt
The Nile River is arguably one of the most important water sources in the world and has an
extremely rich history dating back thousands of years. Without the Nile, the ancient Egyptian
civilization would have never existed. Egypt is basically a whole lot of sand and not much else,
except they have the Nile River flowing through it, on it's way to the Mediterranean sea. The ancient
Egyptians lived along the Nile River and it provided them with abundant water, food (fish) and the
opportunity to develop agriculture along it's banks. The Nile River was also used for transportation
and trade with other regions because land travel was more difficult than floating on the river. The
Ancient Egyptians were at the mercy of the seasonal flooding and ... Show more content on
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Because they grew only one crop per year, the nutrients were not depleted quickly and of course,
each flood washed new fertile sediment onto the floodplains where they planted their crops.
(Struggle Over the Nile).
Damming of the Nile
Life on the river was pretty much the same for thousands of years, until 1889 when the first Aswan
Dam was built in an attempt to control the yearly floods. It proved to be insufficient and was raised
two more times until it was decided to build another dam upstream in 1946. Once these dams were
functional they provided many benefits to the rapidly growing population, including easier access to
drinking water, irrigation for agriculture, electricity for modern life and fishing (Burke and Eaton) .
Certainly the benefits to Egyptians were numerable and undeniable. The does not mean there were
no negative impacts.The yearly floods no longer came and all that good, nutrient–rich silt that used
to wash down the Nile and onto the flood plans was now blocked by the dams. "Before the Aswan
High Dam, the Nile River carried about 124 million tons of sediment to the sea each year, depositing
nearly 10 million tons on the floodplain and delta. Today, 98% of that sediment remains behind the
dam. The result has been a drop in soil productivity and depth, among other serious changes to
Egypt's floodplain agriculture. The Aswan Dam has also led

The Suez Crisis and Sir Antony Eden
The Suez Crisis is often cited by some historians as one of the worst historical decisions that
imprinted an indelible mark on the then British premier Sir Antony Eden. More often than not the
decision by Eden to invade Egypt following a disagreement about nationalization of the Suez Canal
is often cited as a the worst foreign policy decision that destroyed Eden political career and
humiliated British empire in its wake. The decision by Eden to use military force against Nasser is
often viewed by many as arising from a personal grudge towards Nasser, while only a few defend
the fact that Eden had attempted to resolve the looming conflict peacefully.
A Brief Introduction about Sir Robert Antony Eden It is unfortunate that despite Sir Antony Eden
having successfully served as Britain for three decades as a foreign secretary and his subsequent rise
to become the British prime minister in 1955 was overshadowed by the 1956 Suez Crisis that saw
him tender his resignation after serving approximately 18 months in office. While justifying this
action, Eden cited that he was protecting British commercial interests of which the recent
nationalization of the Suez Canal by Nasser seemed to threaten. Eden strongly perceived Nasser as a
dictator and that his actions could easily be replicated with the actions of Hitler and Mussolini that
subsequently ignited World War.
Born to a baronet in County Durham on 12 June 1987, Antony Eden was educated at Eton and
oxford where he

History Of Egypt And Southwestern Part Of Egypt
In the past periods, the northwestern part of Sudan and southwestern part of Egypt (Kehl and
Bornkamm, 1993) were with great effective moisture, which are evident from archaeological sites
associated with remnants of playa or lake deposits. This was the source of recharge in the NSAS.
The estimated recharge rates of the pluvial period were a little high at the Uweinat highlands and
central Sudan area (7–15 mm/year), and low in northern Sudan and southern Egypt area (6–8
mm/year) (Fig. 13). During the filling–up process, the high hydraulically conductive sandstones (~
4.4×10–5 to 1.3×10–4 ms–1) in the area between central Sudan and Uweint–Asawn uplift were
filled up with water to the surface with a general flow in a NE direction from Erdi ... Show more
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The groundwater flow from the foothills of the Uweinat highlands has followed the relief of the
underlying basement rocks. As the aquifer became full and the groundwater level rose to the ground
surface at the Uweinat area, the excess precipitation has formed drainage systems flowing in an
ENE direction (Fig. ) to the Tushka depression. This is evidenced from processing of the Radarsat
and SRTM images over this area. Therefore, these surface drainages were drained the excess water
above the surface away from the system. The groundwater has flowed northeastwards from Uweinat
foothills within the Dakhla Basin from Dakhla to Farafa and from Farafra to Bahariya oasis.
Provided that the spatial distribution of the high hydraulically conductive sandstones within the
Basin, which covered the Precambrian basement slopping northwards. In addition to, the ages of
groundwater samples increase progressively along the groundwater flow direction within the Dakhla
Basin. Krypton–81 and chlorine–36 (Sturchio et al., 2004; Patterson et al., 2005) show a progression
of groundwater ages from Dakhla oasis (~210–230 kyr) to Farafra oasis (~320–330 kyrs) with
relatively high flow velocities (~1 m/yr; 3.17 × 10–8 m/s) and with low flow velocities (~0.2 m/yr;
6.34 × 10–9 m/s) from the Farafra to

Pantheon Odyssey
Next, we have the Pantheon a wonderful temple in Rome which is now a church called Santa Maria
ad Martyres. The Pantheon was built in 27–25 B.C. by magistrate, Marcus Agripa to commemorate
the victory of Actium over Antony and Cleopatra. Unfoaryanty, the original temple burned down in
80 AD and it was restored between 193–211 by emperor, Septiums and Caracalla. Later, when
Christianity replace paganism in Rome, the temple was give to Pope Boniface IV 608 AD. The
Pantheon was the first to be Christianized in Rome. The Pantheon is 142 ft. wide and 142 ft. in
height it is shaped as a sphere sitting on a cylinder. The place is resting in a solid ring wall while the
outside is covered in cantilevered brick. The porch is made of 16 monolothic Corinituan

The Influence Of The Nile River In Ancient Egypt
Introduction
The Nile River is a majestic river that was created millions of years ago.
The river travels through the world's largest hot desert. It flows through many countries as well as
farmland, swamps, small towns and large cities. Many live along the Nile River because is full of
many valuable resources ("The Nile"). The Nile River is described as a "remarkable spectacle"
("Ancient").
Personal Interest The Nile Rivers beauty and all its ancient Egyptian temples and pyramids would be
exciting to visit. Floating down the Nile on a traditional feluccas and seeing all Egypt has to offer.
Parts of the Nile River have rough rapids that one can ride down in a small boat ("The Nile").
Description of Item
The Nile River is located in Africa ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Egypt no longer wanted to Nile River to flood. The Aswan High Dam was built in the 1970's to
control flooding. The dam was built to help control the water. In ancient times there were years of
high floods that would wipe out the crops and their were years of low level floods that would end in
a drought. The dam helps to regulate the water flow ("Science Kids"). Since the dam has been built
Egypt agricultural economy has strengthened. The economic benefits of the Aswan High Dam have
enabled the government to build more schools, hospitals, and modern sewage systems. The dam also
provides hydroelectricity power for Egypt (The

Disadvantages Of Copt
Introduction
1.1 Historical Comments
The Copts are the native Egyptian Christians.
Christianity was the majority religion during the
4th to 6th centuries AD and until the Arab conquest of Egypt (640–641 AD). The adjective Coptic is
variously applied, not without controversy, to a language and its literature, a church, a historical
period, and an entire culture [1]. The actual term
"Copt" and accompanying adjective "Coptic" originate from the Arabic qibt, which itself is a
corruption of the Greek term (Agyptos) for the people of Egypt. Today, the term "Coptic" refers to
the Christian population of Egypt [2].
Christianity was brought to Egypt by St. Mark the
Apostle in the mid 1st century, this era, also known as the 'Coptic Period'.
The Coptic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mud–brick became the building material of choice, being the primary material used for domestic
architecture henceforth. Likewise, mud–brick became a standard medium for religious and funerary
architecture. When compared to stone as a construction material, mud–brick presented many
advantages. Unlike stone, mud–brick was universally available, it being possible to produce brick
from Nile alluvium or desert sediments/clays, sand, and water–resources accessible to everyone,
though in varying quantity [5, 6]. Mud–brick was quick to fabricate, especially when compared to
the quarrying of stone blocks, and was therefore more economical, particularly for large
construction projects such as entire palace complexes or row upon row of temple storage magazines
[7].
1.2 The City of Aswan
Aswan is the ancient city of Swenet, which in antiquity was the frontier town of Ancient Egypt
facing the south. Aswan is located about 879 km in the south of Cairo. The city stood upon a
peninsula on the right (east) bank of the Nile, immediately below (and north of) the first cataract of
the flowing waters, which extend to it from Philae. According to
Yassin [8], the geological formations underlying

Sources Of Sand And Factors
Sources of sand and factors of sand accumulation
Aeolian accumulations in the Western Desert, which include the Great Sand Sea and the other five
dune fields (South Qattara, Abu–Muharik, Farafra, Kharga and west Asyut) are the main sources of
drifting sand upon the Nile Valley and its Delta. The Great Sand Sea occupies an area of more than
115,000 km2 and extends westward into Libya. The sands in this sand sea were originated mainly
from the Cretaceous Nubian sandstones in the southern part of the Western Desert (Besler, 2008).
Radar data show that there are subsurface fluvial systems occurring beneath the Great Sand Sea and
it was postulated that these drainage lines moved tremendous amounts of sediments northward by
gravity in previous pluvial periods during the Pleistocene, which were reworked by the wind action
to form clusters of dunes (El–Baz et al., 2000). On the other hand, the source of sand, particularly
west of the Nile Delta was suggested by Abdel–Rahman and El–Baz (1979) to originate from the
River Nile itself. They reported that there is an ancestral delta that extends to about 500 km width.
This defunct delta is funneling north of Asyut and is extending west of the present Nile Delta until
the Qattara Depression. It is obviously recognizable in satellite images. Dunes of the western Nile
Delta region may, therefore, inherit their sands from this ancestral delta sediments.
The forms of sand dune could throw light upon the sand supply in a given region.

Ancient Egypt Water Crisis
Egypt Egypt faces a water crisis because the Nile river disappearing and it is how they farm and get
water."Egypt gets almost all of its water from the Nile. The quality of the river water is seriously
threatened by untreated industrial and agricultural wastes, sewage, and municipal waste–water. In
addition, the Aswan High Dam, which was completed in 1970, has reduced the flow of the Nile and
trapped the nutrient in the soil,which is not good So if Egypt doesn't get some help from the other
countries it will eventually cease to have life To increase crop yields they use modern herbicides and
pesticides, which also contribute to the pollution. Furthermore, the reduced flow of the river
increases the concentration of pollutants in the

The Suez Crisis: The Sun Sets on the Days of Empire
The Suez Crisis:
The Sun sets on the days of Empire.
In the latter half of the 20th century, and following on from the international changes wrought by the
Second World War, the old imperialist nations began to realise that the world had changed and that
they were no longer global powers. In 1922, Oswald Spengler wrote that the rise of nations and
cultures is inevitably followed by their eclipse. Ironically for Britain, victory in World War Two
perhaps masked this for a while, and it was not until 1956 with the Suez Crisis that many Britons
realised that the Sun was now setting on the days of empire.
The Suez Crisis was a defining moment in British history, and by following its story we also follow
the decline of Britain as an imperial power. It is also ironic that that the military operation in Egypt
was, in fact, a great success. It is the diplomatic handling of the crisis that deserves to be called one
of history's greatest mistakes.
Originally built in 1869 as a joint French and Egyptian project, the Suez Canal was the only direct
route from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea. Recognising the economic and strategic benefits of
holding the canal, Britain had bought out Egypt's share (it allowed for more rapid troop movements,
cut distances and times required to transport goods and lessened the need to protect the over–land
route around the Cape of Good Hope.)
This area had recently become even more critical because of the leap in oil production in the Persian
Gulf:

Nasir And Ghada
The impact that global politics has had on the individuals of the Middle Eastern region is
highlighted in the life experiences of Naji, Nasir, and Ghada. Each person is looking for a better
tomorrow, but that is not easy to find due to the difficulties that arise in the differences in religion,
culture, and even gender. Naji endured the struggles of being Jewish, Nasir had to deal with being a
young man with slim job opportunities, and Ghada had to deal with the struggles of being a woman.
Although each faced a slightly different problem, the one thing they had in common was their fight
to survive.
Plagued by war and conflict in the region, the three individuals showcased started with relatively
satisfactory lives that quickly eroded as time went by. In the case of Dr. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Being a woman in an already constrained society led to many problems, to the point where Ghada
felt her only escape was to stab a soldier. Although unsuccessful, Ghada's desperate attempt displays
the burdens placed on Palestinian women and the realities of what they must deal with everyday
under Israeli control. Ghada was forced to stay in an unhappy marriage with her cousin, whose
mother she did not get along with. This relationship was also strained by the fact that she was
separated from her family by a border controlled by the Israelis. Ghada's options for a successful
divorce were limited in the sense that if she requested the separation, she would have to give up the
second half of her dowry, which would have a negative financial consequence for herself and her
family. Along with that, her reputation would be tarnished in the village, which would make it very
difficult for Ghada to make it on her own. All of these consequences of a female initiated divorce
offers an insight to how women are regarded in the modern Middle East. They are restricted in all
aspects of life, whether it is socially or economically, by their communities and government

The Nile River
Egypt is one of the earliest and longest–lasting civilizations to have been established. The land, in
length, stretches from the Mediterranean Sea to Sudan. The nomads of the time, or prehistoric
Egyptians, were forced to move from northeast Africa when a drought came. The early Egyptians
abandoned the nomadic lifestyle when they left, and decided to settle in the lower Nile river valley
where they adapted to a lifestyle of farming. These settlers discovered the various uses of the Nile
River, created a form of government and society, a working life, and certain religious beliefs. The
Nile River was used for several more things than just water supply. Egypt was a land where rain
seldom fell, so the Nile was the main resource for everything. The essential use of it was agriculture.
Water of the Nile flooded the land between the hills on either side of the valley yearly which left
behind a rich silt. The yearly flood was so crucial that priests developed a way to measure the rise of
the river to forecast what type of year it would be. This time of the year was the inundation season,
and it began in July. Although the people were unable to work in the fields, only the wealthy could
spare time to relax; for most Egyptians it was a time to accomplish other duties such as: ameliorate
or replace the agricultural tools that had been worn out, catch waterfowl or fish to feed their
families, but numerous people were called up to work on royal building projects or to help with the

How Climate Affected Architecture
Introduction
Since the beginning of humanity, humans have had a few necessities for survival. Humans require
food, water, and shelter. A shelters is used for protection from harmful animals, the weather and
other external threats. At first humans lived a dominantly nomadic lifestyles, meaning that they
moved to different areas constantly, because they were in constant search for new resources such as
animals or water for the hunting and gathering lifestyle most societies maintained. This nomadic
lifestyle only allowed simple forms of shelter such as tents made from leaves and branches and the
usage of caves. It was not until 10,000 B.C.E, that humans started to create more permanent
settlements and societies due to advancements in agriculture ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In Egypt, there are not any forest in to make houses out of wood so for resources for architecture
they used the local materials that the climate entailed to build houses. The earliest villages were
made out of papyrus and reeds that grew around the river bank (Mark). These house weren't really
sustainable and would easily be destroyed by the seasonal floods that the river had. Over time the
people realized that they could use the naturally deposited mud that were left by the annual flooding
of the banks of the river. This mud combined with straw was used to make bricks that were sun
dried (Nardo 15). The design of their houses were often two floors that contained flat roofed that
were used as extra space, small windows that allowed in sunlight, and enclosed fences to keep small
livestock in. Often times they would make thatched houses with the papyrus or other type of reeds to
create a shaded patio. Often times the villages were surrounded with these mud bricks. It would
protect the villagers from wild animals and strangers (Mark). These small villages became larger
until they grew into towns which turned into

Importance Of Culture In Egypt
Changing Times Egypt full of history and culture diverseness, throughout its ever changing
landscape you first must define what is culture? Do you identify it by the different regions?
Religious beliefs? Maybe traditions? Generations as in any culture will pass down the customs and
values of the country teaching the younger generations the importance of their roots and ideas. As
the country continues to grow and expand so will the culture, it is ever changing with modernization
of the country and the upcoming generations. Understanding the culture of a country can help you
keep an open mind and not come to conclusions and judge the perception of the country. Not one
single thing defines a country's culture, the emphasis will be on its military views, political and
environment. Egypt has an area of 385,229 square miles, and the total population consists of
65,200,000 people. Two things separate Egypt from its neighbors, the ocean or sparsely populated
desert. (Hopkins & Saad, n.d.) The Mediterranean Sea lies to the north of the country; therefore, the
red sea lies directly south, and the western desert separates the country from Libya and North Africa.
(Hopkins & Saad, n.d.) A major terrain feature that sustains most of the population is the Nile River.
Furthermore, the Nile begins at Lake Tana in Ethiopia, where it travels north, eventually draining
into the Mediterranean Sea. (Hopkins & Saad, n.d.) Although most people consider the Nile an

What Is The Nile River In Ancient Egypt
There is no doubt that the Nile River is the most important river for Egypt. Without this river, Egypt
would be an arid, desolate desert. Indeed, if the Nile River weren't existent, Egypt would not have
prospered as one of the greatest ancient civilizations. The Nile River stretches across Egypt from
north to south and provides the regions around with agricultural land. In the north, the Nile River
splits into the two directions, forming a delta. This delta provides fertile soil that is beneficial to the
farmers of Egypt. Nearly 99 percent of the country lives within the Nile Delta region or along the
Nile River, proving the importance of this wonderful river. Every year, the Nile River floods the
land around, bringing extra water and rich

Gamal Abdel Nasser
Joshua Jayasinghe Single Party State Under– Gamal Abdel Nasser It is important to first identify the
most common definition of a single party state. Single party, or one party states, usually arise during
times of crisis. Crisis's include economic collapse, Military instability, Social and class conflicts and
ethnic differences. These conditions allow a single party leader to arise through the creation of a
political ideology that provides a solution to one or more of these crisis 's. The concept of a single
party state is one that is unique to the 20th century. Before the 20th century, single party states were
most similar to absolute monarchies– where a monarch exercises all rights to govern and rule their
country. There are many ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When it came to foreign affairs, Nasser dealt with issues such as Soviet–Egyptian relations, The
Suez canal crisis, the Yemen War and Six–Day War. As previously stated, Nasser developed part of
his ideology around the idea that Britain had to withdraw their control over much of the Arab world.
One of the first thing that Nasser did in 1954, even before he gained full power, was to make an
agreement with Britain that saw their withdrawal from the Suez canal. Later on in 1955, when the
U.S. And world bank had agreed to fund $256 Million for the construction of the Aswan Dam,
however, in September of the same year, Nasser decided to negotiate an arms deal with the soviet
union and Czechoslovakia. This deal outraged the U.S. who then recalled their offer to finance the
Aswan Dam. Nasser was left to find alternative methods of finance... what he did, announced the
nationalization of the Suez canal. The impact of such an act created a political tension between the
middle east, west and non aligned nations that could have potentially left the middle east as a cold
war battleground. For one of the first times in history, the U.S.A. chose not to assist the British in a
week long war in October 1956, but instead protected their vested oil interests. The Soviet Union
gained the image that they were defending the Arab world against imperial powers such as Great
Britain whilst Britain was left with colonies east of the suez pushing for

Analysis On The Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System
The integrated geophysical, remote sensing, isotopic and geochronologic and modelling studies on
the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System have come up with the following findings and
recommendations:
1– Geophysical studies:
Based on the integration of gravity, magnetic, and borehole data the structural trends, uplifts and
sedimentary cover affecting the aquifer behavior have been conducted. The area of the NSAS is
affected by several structural trends in different directions; the most prominent directions are NE–
SW, N–S, E–W, and NW–SE. The dominant NE–SW trend is associated with the Pelusium and
Qattara mega shears.
The sedimentary cover shows a northward increase from less than 0.5 km in northern Sudan and
southern Egypt to more than 6 km at the Mediterranean coast. The sediments thickness shows a
shallowing of the basement rocks along the east–west trending Uweinat–Aswan basement uplift
which may impede the south to north groundwater flow and replenishment from the recharge areas
in the south.
The NE–SW trending Pelusium mega shear cuts the Precambrian rocks and continues upward in the
sedimentary cover; it formed deep structural controlled basins along its zone, which were filled by
high thick sediments of relatively high hydraulic conductivities extending from the Kufra Basin in
Libya and Chad to the northern part of Dakhla Basin in Egypt. This zone could provide a preferred
groundwater flow pathway from the Kufra to the Dakhla Basin.
2– Climatically (GRACE & CLM4.5):

The Suez Canal Crisis: Events Of The Cold War
The Suez Canal Crisis was one of many events of the Cold War. The Canal opened in 1869, after 10
years of construction by Ferdinand de Lesseps of France, connecting the Red Sea to the
Mediterranean Sea. The canal held a neutral position, allowing access to all countries. The British –
who had the strongest naval force in the world– controlled the traffic going through it. They ensured
that the Canal was open to all countries. In 1914, the traffic control changed to include the French
military. Problems arose when Egypt nationalized the Canal and began to charge for the passage of
ships in order to pay for the Aswan Dam that they wanted to construct. Egypt had previously
arranged to receive a loan from Britain and The United States in order ... Show more content on
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His bias affects the interpretation of an event. Whether it is personal impact from the event that
changes the way he wrote, or opinions that are formed when researching. Using a single source for
history will result in taking in what is said as the final truth. When researching the Suez Canal Crisis
and the motives behind each party's actions, I gained bias towards Egypt. I personally feel that
Britain was abusing the power they had. I acknowledge the reasoning behind what Britain did, but
my own personal opinions and morals led me to see Britain's actions as unjust. If I had read only
Britain's side, I would have seen it as opposite. In conclusion, the only way to gain a reliable source
of knowledge is by analysis multiple sources that show multiple perspectives and reaching your own
view on an

Formation Of The Kufra Basin
The NSAS area has been subjected to intensive geological studies by several workers (Ball, 1927;
Sandford, 1935; Knetsch and Yallouze, 1955; Ibrahim, 1956; Said, 1962; Hume, 1965; Ambroggi,
1966; Ezzat, 1974; Pallas, 1978; Amer et al., 1981; Klitzsch and Wycisk, 1987, 1999; El Ramly,
1983; Klitzsch et al., 1987; Hesse et al., 1987; Schandelmeier et al., 1987a; Wycisk, 1987a, 1990,
1993,1994; E1 Gaby and Greiling, 1988; Klitzsch, 1989, 1994; Said, 1990; Hermina, 1990; Klitzsch
and Squyres, 1990; Klitzsch and Semtner, 1993; Mansour et al., 1993; Thorweihe and
Schandelmeier, 1993; Issawi, 1999). The two major units of the aquifer, the Kufra Basin (Libya,
northeastern Chad and northwestern Sudan) and the Dakhla Basin (Egypt) (Fig. 1), have undergone
different geological developments. Formation of the Kufra Basin began in the Early Paleozoic, and
was complete at the end of the Lower Cretaceous. The Dakhla Basin was presumably formed at the
beginning of the Cretaceous (at least its southern portion).
In addition to the geological developments described above, the aquifer area also comprises the
upper Nile Platform in Egypt, as well as the Northern Sudan Platform in Sudan. These are, however,
areas of minor importance for groundwater resources. The NSAS changes gradually from
continental sandy facies in the southern regions, to intercalations of sandstones and clays of
alternating continental and shallow marine facies in the central regions, to mainly marine facies in
the

Lester B. Pearson and the Suez Canal Crisis
The Suez crisis was a conflict that could have easily turned into a third World War. With a battle
between the Israelis and Egyptians at Sinai, the British and French invasion of Egypt, and nuclear
threats from the Soviet Union, all of the elements were present to escalate the conflict and pull other
countries into the fray. Canada had no direct ties to the Suez crisis, in terms of control or economic
interest. However, Canadian Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Lester B. Pearson, persuaded the
UN General Assembly to send in the United Nations Emergency Force. Even though Lester B.
Pearson dismayed the Commonwealth with his measures for peace, Canada was recognized for
starting the first ever United Nations Peacekeeping mission. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Israeli advance towards the canal is a fake to show the world that Egypt in danger of being
overthrown by the Israelis. The British and French then dissimulate as peacekeepers, trying to
diffuse then tension between Egypt and Israel. They offer Nasser an ultimatum: "Israel and Egypt
are to cease fighting or the two Western powers will intervene". On the 31st of October this
ultimatum expires and France and Britain attack, bombing Alexandria and sending in thousands of
troops. Russia then threatens Britain and France with Nuclear weapons. At this point it looks as
though the world is on the brink of another World War.
Canada had no interest to the Suez crisis, in terms of control, economic or military interest, but
Lester B. Pearson saw an opportunity to intervene. While the Cabinet in Ottawa debated about the
attack on Egypt, the UN Security Council met in New York. Even though Canada did not have a
permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council, Lester B. Pearson and the Foreign Affairs
delegation of Canada worked towards building an agreement for the proposal to the UN, on the Suez
Crisis. Encouraged by the US, Yugoslavia makes a "Uniting for Peace resolution", which enables a
debate to be moved to the General Assembly. The UK and France do not block this, however,
negative votes would not constitute a veto. The Suez Canal

The Importance Of Natural Resources In Egypt
Natural Resources
The only reason that Egypt has survived over their long history has been because of the Nile River.
The Nile has provided a long strip of fertile land throughout Egypt moving nearly 88 billion cubic
Meters of water each year. As 90% of water used in the country comes from the Nile its clear to say
no country relies so heavily on a single river. There is a huge flaw there though; they share the river
with another country called Ethiopia. Ethiopia fills a reservoir that can hold 74 Billion cubic Meters
of water. You do the math that leaves only 14 billion cubic meters of water flow for Egypt who is
already on the edge of dehydration. The amount of water left for each citizen without the reservoir is
660 cubic meters per year. If Ethiopia were to take this water from Egypt the country would go into
a phases where they are all without water. While everyone is worried about having a cold drink of
water they will forget to share with their crops and the crops will dry out. Being that 30% of
Egyptians are farmers their crop yield will drop immensely. From there all of the Livestock will die
from starvation because of the lack of food and Egypt will be considered a third world Country.
Besides the water issues Egypt is thriving in other natural resources their gas is exports is honestly
the only thing keeping them afloat. Natural Gasses are their main export and since their country is
only farmable around the Nile there isn't much else the country has to offer.

The Cataracts In The Nile River
The cataracts in the Nile river were very important in the development of Egypt's armed forces,
territory, trade and commerce. Without the protection of the military Egypt would not rule, so the
cataracts were very important in the protection of Egypt's land and Kingdom. The cataracts are
natural blockades in the Nile River composed of huge boulders and rocks that jet out from the water
keeping boats from moving all the way up or down. ships had to be unloaded so the freight could be
carried overland, towns sprang up where the cargo could be stored and protected, and slipways were
constructed so that the ships could be drug over land, so there was no way enemy ships or navies
could attack. The cataract Aswan which is considered to

The Suez Crisis : A Unique And Unusual Time Period
An alliance is defined as a union or association formed for mutual benefit. Alliances can be made
politically and on many other platforms. The Suez Crisis was a unique and unusual time period for
United States foreign policy, especially concerning their allies. Many decisions made were not
representative of typical American foreign policy. When the fear and threat of the spread of Soviet
communism was recognized, even the strongest and longest lasting relationships with Britain,
France, and Israel were forgone. The priority of the Americans became controlling the spread of
communism, since everything else came second. During the Suez Crisis, the American foreign
policy sacrificed the strength of their relationships with close allies in the pursuit of the containment
of communism and the Soviet Union.
Even agreements and treaties made with Egypt, the country that holds the stage of the Suez Crisis,
were created and then also retracted by the United States for the cause of containing communism.
Gamal Abdel Nasser rose to power in Egypt via a non violent coup, in which he was the backstage
leader. He was later elected president and it is stated that Nasser had "three goals: to make Egypt
independent by ending British occupation; to build up Egyptian forces for a successful attack on
Israel; to improve Egypt's economy by constructing a high dam at Aswan to irrigate the Nile valley."
(Milner) He made his intentions clear and tried to achieve them, especially by launching attacks

A Evaluation Of Isotopic And Geochronologic Data On The...
This paper presents an evaluation of isotopic and geochronologic data on the groundwater in Eastern
Sahara that have been collected by various projects in addition to our recent collected dating
groundwater samples. Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System (NSAS) of northeast Africa is believed to
have been recharged in previous wet climatic periods in the Quaternary Period. However, the
isotopic (O & D) signatures of the groundwater samples show that the aquifer is still receiving
modern recharge in some regions (central and north Sudan, the Eastern Desert and Sinai). These
regions have a rainfall that feed the aquifer during the current dry climate. The groundwater source
ranges between paleowater of the glacial wet climate to paleowater mixed with precipitation of
warm and dry climates and/or Nile water, in addition to the modern groundwater of evaporated flash
flood or precipitation in the shallow alluvial aquifers. Central Sudan, Eastern Desert and Sinai have
a wide range of isotopic signatures reflecting paleowaters, mixing and modern groundwaters. The
isotopic signatures of north Sudan and south of the Uweinat–Aswan uplift indicates replenishment
by groundwater flow from the south that is hindered by the uplift. Young C–14 ages for groundwater
samples were reported from east Uweinat (~1.8–11.7 kyr) and from northern Sudan (~50 kyr),
reflecting the modern recharge in this area to the south of the Uweinat–Aswan uplift. The
groundwater of the Western Desert shows the highest

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