Child Undernutrition
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Child malnutrition in developing countries leads to over 10 million child deaths per year, with over half of those deaths related to malnutrition. Key deficiencies like vitamin A, zinc, iron and iodine are responsible for over 35% of child deaths globally. Malnutrition can have long-term effects on children's immune systems, cognitive development and physical health that last into adulthood, including increased risk of disease, lower brain function and bone weakness. Addressing malnutrition could significantly improve lives and is an important humanitarian and ethical issue.
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Effects of Child Undernutrition in the Developing World
Undernutrition, also known as malnutrition, is the largest contributor to child mortality worldwide according to the World Health Organization. Chronic undernutrition can impair cognitive development in children by negatively impacting brain development. Stunting, low height and weight for age, can result from undernutrition. Undernutrition also increases the risk of death from infectious diseases in children. Effective interventions to address undernutrition include promoting breastfeeding, complementary feeding, micronutrient supplementation, improving family nutrition, and reducing disease burden.
Child Malnutrition in the Developing World
Child malnutrition is a major problem in developing countries, where over 1/3 of children under 5 are underweight. Poverty is the primary cause, limiting access to adequate food while lack of food security, maternal education and health, and poor environmental conditions are secondary factors. Malnourished children experience stunted growth and increased risk of diseases. While some children lack adequate nutrition, obesity is increasingly common in developed nations, raising issues of global equality and justice in access to food.
MALNUTRIATION
This document discusses malnutrition, including its definition, types, causes, symptoms, and treatment. Malnutrition is defined as a cellular imbalance between the supply of nutrients and energy and the body's demand. There are four main types: undernutrition, overnutrition, imbalance, and specific deficiency. Common causes include lack of a nutritious diet, indigestible food, lack of sleep, disease, and poverty. Symptoms vary depending on if it's in adults or children but include failure to grow, hair/skin changes, and fatigue. Treatment involves resolving life-threatening conditions, restoring nutrition, and long-term rehabilitation through dietary management and nutritional education.
MALNUTRIATION
This document discusses malnutrition, including its definition, types, causes, symptoms, and treatment. Malnutrition is defined as a cellular imbalance between the supply of nutrients and energy and the body's demand. There are four main types: undernutrition, overnutrition, imbalance, and specific deficiency. Causes can be related to food, such as lack of a nutritious diet, or general factors like disease, poor environment, and lack of exercise. Symptoms vary depending on if the malnutrition is in adults or children but can include hair/skin changes, edema, fatigue, and failure to grow. Treatment involves resolving life-threatening conditions, restoring nutritional status through dietary management, and rehabilitation through nutritional education.
1000days infographic v7
Improving child nutrition offers one of the highest returns on investment of any development program, with potential returns as high as 39 to 1. Investing in infant and young child nutrition can save over 1 million lives each year, benefit 360 million children and mothers, and increase a country's GDP by 2-3%. A well-nourished child is more likely to continue their education, have a higher IQ, and earn up to 46% more over their lifetime. Solutions like preventing and treating malnutrition, promoting breastfeeding and healthy foods, and increasing micronutrients through fortification can shape a child's future during the critical first 1,000 days from pregnancy to age two.
2015 Team 5 - Hunger
Hunger is defined as a lack of secure access to sufficient nutritious food. About 842 million people worldwide do not get enough to eat and are undernourished. Hunger has severe health effects, contributing to nearly half of all deaths in children under five globally. Malnutrition also impairs physical and mental growth in one quarter of the world's children. Several organizations work to address hunger through providing food, healthcare, and sustainable solutions to food insecurity.
Socio medical determinants of child health
The document discusses several key socioeconomic factors that influence child mortality rates, including health, nutrition, poverty, gender, and education. Poverty is associated with higher risks of issues like low birth weight, chronic diseases, obesity, injuries, and lack of school readiness. Maternal health, literacy, breastfeeding practices, and access to healthcare services are also important determinants of child mortality. Addressing socioeconomic inequalities through interventions like nutrition programs, healthcare access, and women's empowerment can help reduce under-five mortality rates in developing nations.
Malnutrition in India
Malnutrition is a serious problem in India, where 189.2 million people are undernourished according to the UN. India is home to the most malnourished children in the world, with over 1/3 of children under 5 stunted and 1/5 suffering from wasting. The states with the highest rates of child malnutrition are Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Meghalaya, and Madhya Pradesh, where over 40% of children face malnutrition. Poverty, poor feeding habits, infections, and socio-cultural factors like inequitable food distribution and rapid succession of pregnancies all contribute to India's high malnutrition rates.
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Effects of Child Undernutrition in the Developing World
Undernutrition, also known as malnutrition, is the largest contributor to child mortality worldwide according to the World Health Organization. Chronic undernutrition can impair cognitive development in children by negatively impacting brain development. Stunting, low height and weight for age, can result from undernutrition. Undernutrition also increases the risk of death from infectious diseases in children. Effective interventions to address undernutrition include promoting breastfeeding, complementary feeding, micronutrient supplementation, improving family nutrition, and reducing disease burden.
Child Malnutrition in the Developing World
Child malnutrition is a major problem in developing countries, where over 1/3 of children under 5 are underweight. Poverty is the primary cause, limiting access to adequate food while lack of food security, maternal education and health, and poor environmental conditions are secondary factors. Malnourished children experience stunted growth and increased risk of diseases. While some children lack adequate nutrition, obesity is increasingly common in developed nations, raising issues of global equality and justice in access to food.
MALNUTRIATION
This document discusses malnutrition, including its definition, types, causes, symptoms, and treatment. Malnutrition is defined as a cellular imbalance between the supply of nutrients and energy and the body's demand. There are four main types: undernutrition, overnutrition, imbalance, and specific deficiency. Common causes include lack of a nutritious diet, indigestible food, lack of sleep, disease, and poverty. Symptoms vary depending on if it's in adults or children but include failure to grow, hair/skin changes, and fatigue. Treatment involves resolving life-threatening conditions, restoring nutrition, and long-term rehabilitation through dietary management and nutritional education.
MALNUTRIATION
This document discusses malnutrition, including its definition, types, causes, symptoms, and treatment. Malnutrition is defined as a cellular imbalance between the supply of nutrients and energy and the body's demand. There are four main types: undernutrition, overnutrition, imbalance, and specific deficiency. Causes can be related to food, such as lack of a nutritious diet, or general factors like disease, poor environment, and lack of exercise. Symptoms vary depending on if the malnutrition is in adults or children but can include hair/skin changes, edema, fatigue, and failure to grow. Treatment involves resolving life-threatening conditions, restoring nutritional status through dietary management, and rehabilitation through nutritional education.
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Improving child nutrition offers one of the highest returns on investment of any development program, with potential returns as high as 39 to 1. Investing in infant and young child nutrition can save over 1 million lives each year, benefit 360 million children and mothers, and increase a country's GDP by 2-3%. A well-nourished child is more likely to continue their education, have a higher IQ, and earn up to 46% more over their lifetime. Solutions like preventing and treating malnutrition, promoting breastfeeding and healthy foods, and increasing micronutrients through fortification can shape a child's future during the critical first 1,000 days from pregnancy to age two.
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Hunger is defined as a lack of secure access to sufficient nutritious food. About 842 million people worldwide do not get enough to eat and are undernourished. Hunger has severe health effects, contributing to nearly half of all deaths in children under five globally. Malnutrition also impairs physical and mental growth in one quarter of the world's children. Several organizations work to address hunger through providing food, healthcare, and sustainable solutions to food insecurity.
Socio medical determinants of child health
The document discusses several key socioeconomic factors that influence child mortality rates, including health, nutrition, poverty, gender, and education. Poverty is associated with higher risks of issues like low birth weight, chronic diseases, obesity, injuries, and lack of school readiness. Maternal health, literacy, breastfeeding practices, and access to healthcare services are also important determinants of child mortality. Addressing socioeconomic inequalities through interventions like nutrition programs, healthcare access, and women's empowerment can help reduce under-five mortality rates in developing nations.
Malnutrition in India
Malnutrition is a serious problem in India, where 189.2 million people are undernourished according to the UN. India is home to the most malnourished children in the world, with over 1/3 of children under 5 stunted and 1/5 suffering from wasting. The states with the highest rates of child malnutrition are Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Meghalaya, and Madhya Pradesh, where over 40% of children face malnutrition. Poverty, poor feeding habits, infections, and socio-cultural factors like inequitable food distribution and rapid succession of pregnancies all contribute to India's high malnutrition rates.
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Malnutrition
Food provides the energy and nutrients you need to be healthy. If you don't get enough nutrients - including proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals - you may suffer from malnutrition.
Causes of malnutrition include:
-- Lack of specific nutrients in your diet. Even the lack of one vitamin can lead to malnutrition
-- An unbalanced diet
-- Certain medical problems, such as malabsorption syndromes and cancers
Symptoms may include fatigue, dizziness and weight loss, or you may have no symptoms. Your doctor will do tests, depending on the cause of your problem. Treatment may include replacing the missing nutrients and treating the underlying cause.
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Malnutrition has significant public health impacts. It disproportionately affects children in developing countries in Asia and Africa, where stunting, underweight, and wasting rates are highest. In Egypt, around one quarter of children suffer from stunting, with rates higher in rural areas, Upper Egypt and frontier governorates. Anemia and micronutrient deficiencies also negatively impact health. Malnutrition perpetuates across generations as malnourished mothers are more likely to have low birthweight babies who then face developmental impairments. Addressing malnutrition could reduce mortality and the burden of disease.
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Meeting the Nutrition requirements of children aged 6months to five years has become a major global
challenge and as such an estimate of 55 million pre- school children globally are malnourished. In 2010,
the nutrition status of children under five in Uganda was estimated to be 38% stunted, 16% acutely
malnourished and 19% undernourished and by 2011 the statistics stand at 33% for stunting,5% for
wasting ,14% for underweight, vitamin A deficiency at 38%. The current levels of malnutrition hinder
Uganda’s human, social, and economic development.
MALNUTRITION IN INDIA
MALNUTRITION is more in India than in Africa . one in every three malnourished children in the world lives in India.
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Yvonne Plascencia: Malnutrition
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Malnutrition in under five children
Malnutrition continues to be a major problem in India, with over 50% of under-5 deaths contributed by malnutrition. The prevalence of undernutrition, as measured by wasted, stunted and underweight children under age 3, has declined slightly from NFHS-2 (1998-1999) to NFHS-3 (2005-2006) but remains very high. Multiple factors contribute to malnutrition, including improper feeding practices like non-exclusive breastfeeding, poor hygiene and sanitation, as well as inadequate care and support from families and communities. Addressing malnutrition requires interventions across pregnancy, birth to age 2, and adolescence focused on nutrition, health care, immunization, and behavioral change. Community participation is key to early detection,
Child Malnutrition in India
This document presents data on child malnutrition in India and other countries. It shows that India has high rates of low birth weight (28%), underweight children under 5 (41%), wasting (16%), and stunting (38%). The data examines factors contributing to malnutrition like sanitation and hygiene practices, access to safe drinking water, mother and child care practices, and access to nutrition programs. Improving these underlying factors through access to healthcare, nutrition programs, safe drinking water, and sanitation could help reduce India's high child malnutrition rates.
Flour fortification:malnutrition and health effects of whole grains
The document discusses flour fortification and its role in addressing malnutrition. It notes that milling removes essential nutrients from wheat and that flour fortification aims to replace these lost nutrients. It defines different forms of malnutrition like stunting, wasting, and micronutrient deficiencies. It also discusses the health effects of whole grains in reducing risks of heart disease, certain cancers, and diabetes. Finally, it addresses common concerns around flour fortification and identifies vulnerable groups who most need fortified flour.
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The document discusses key terms related to population growth such as population distribution, population density, birth rate, death rate, life expectancy, and natural change. It then provides an overview of global population growth and the components that influence population change, including fertility, mortality, and migration. Several measures of fertility and mortality are defined. The document concludes by outlining various factors that can influence population growth, such as health, education, social provision, cultural factors, political factors, and environmental factors.
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Citizenship stage 2 deprivation of food
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Malnutrition
Food provides the energy and nutrients you need to be healthy. If you don't get enough nutrients - including proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals - you may suffer from malnutrition.
Causes of malnutrition include:
-- Lack of specific nutrients in your diet. Even the lack of one vitamin can lead to malnutrition
-- An unbalanced diet
-- Certain medical problems, such as malabsorption syndromes and cancers
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Public health importance of malnutrition
Malnutrition has significant public health impacts. It disproportionately affects children in developing countries in Asia and Africa, where stunting, underweight, and wasting rates are highest. In Egypt, around one quarter of children suffer from stunting, with rates higher in rural areas, Upper Egypt and frontier governorates. Anemia and micronutrient deficiencies also negatively impact health. Malnutrition perpetuates across generations as malnourished mothers are more likely to have low birthweight babies who then face developmental impairments. Addressing malnutrition could reduce mortality and the burden of disease.
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Meeting the Nutrition requirements of children aged 6months to five years has become a major global
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malnourished and 19% undernourished and by 2011 the statistics stand at 33% for stunting,5% for
wasting ,14% for underweight, vitamin A deficiency at 38%. The current levels of malnutrition hinder
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MALNUTRITION IN INDIA
MALNUTRITION is more in India than in Africa . one in every three malnourished children in the world lives in India.
About 50% of all childhood death are because of malnutrition.
FCP
People can be malnourished if their diet does not provide adequate calories, protein, or nutrients for growth and maintenance, or if they are unable to utilize the food they eat due to illness, leading to undernutrition. They can also be malnourished if they consume too many calories, leading to overnutrition. The document discusses undernutrition due to lack of nutrients as well as overnutrition which can cause obesity.
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This document discusses health indicators and variations in health between developed and developing countries. It describes key health indicators like infant mortality rate, life expectancy, and daily calorie intake. People in developing countries generally have higher infant mortality, lower life expectancy, and less daily calorie intake. The reasons for variations in health between developed and developing countries include economic (poverty/affluence, healthcare investment), social (diet, lifestyle, education), and environmental (living conditions, access to water and sanitation) factors.
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This document discusses how class and race contribute to obesity rates in the United States. It finds that minorities and those living in poverty have higher obesity rates due to economic disadvantages that limit access to nutritious foods and lead to consumption of cheaper, unhealthy options. Children from impoverished or single-parent homes also have worse health outcomes. Obesity is linked to numerous health problems and significant healthcare costs each year in the U.S.
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The document discusses trends in diet-related diseases and obesity. It notes that leading causes of death include diseases related to nutrient deficiencies, obesity, and certain cancers. Obesity is defined using body mass index and statistics are provided on obesity rates in Hawaii, the US, and worldwide which have been increasing. Type 2 diabetes is also discussed, including its definition and increasing prevalence in Hawaii, US, and worldwide. Cardiovascular disease and certain cancers are further examined. Physiological mechanisms by which obesity may promote certain diseases and cancers are outlined. Recommended actions for reducing health disparities are provided.
Yvonne Plascencia: Malnutrition
The document discusses malnutrition as a prevalent issue in both Sub-Saharan Africa and the United States. It presents statistics showing that in 2007, 3 billion people suffered from malnutrition globally, with 13.9% of children in Southern Africa being underweight and 25% stunted. Only 39% of American adults are at a healthy weight. The document examines whether economic inequality is linked to malnutrition and explores health issues related to undernutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa and overnutrition in the United States. It analyzes access to healthcare based on income and economic class in both regions.
Malnutrition in under five children
Malnutrition continues to be a major problem in India, with over 50% of under-5 deaths contributed by malnutrition. The prevalence of undernutrition, as measured by wasted, stunted and underweight children under age 3, has declined slightly from NFHS-2 (1998-1999) to NFHS-3 (2005-2006) but remains very high. Multiple factors contribute to malnutrition, including improper feeding practices like non-exclusive breastfeeding, poor hygiene and sanitation, as well as inadequate care and support from families and communities. Addressing malnutrition requires interventions across pregnancy, birth to age 2, and adolescence focused on nutrition, health care, immunization, and behavioral change. Community participation is key to early detection,
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Child Malnutrition in India
This document presents data on child malnutrition in India and other countries. It shows that India has high rates of low birth weight (28%), underweight children under 5 (41%), wasting (16%), and stunting (38%). The data examines factors contributing to malnutrition like sanitation and hygiene practices, access to safe drinking water, mother and child care practices, and access to nutrition programs. Improving these underlying factors through access to healthcare, nutrition programs, safe drinking water, and sanitation could help reduce India's high child malnutrition rates.
Flour fortification:malnutrition and health effects of whole grains
The document discusses flour fortification and its role in addressing malnutrition. It notes that milling removes essential nutrients from wheat and that flour fortification aims to replace these lost nutrients. It defines different forms of malnutrition like stunting, wasting, and micronutrient deficiencies. It also discusses the health effects of whole grains in reducing risks of heart disease, certain cancers, and diabetes. Finally, it addresses common concerns around flour fortification and identifies vulnerable groups who most need fortified flour.
Prevention of childhood malnutrition dr harivansh chopra
MALNUTRITION in children under five years is a major challenge for child survival all over the world especially in india.
this presentation is based on my experience as pediatrician as well as professor of community medicine.
shifting focus from underfive to under one will see a dramatic reduction in malnutrition in our country.we have done in thousands of children and it is absolutely possible to prevent protein energy malnutrtion.
Prevention and follow up of malnutrition
Malnutrition requires prevention, treatment, and long-term follow up. Children should be followed up to 2-5 years after discharge to monitor growth, development, and prevent long term issues. Treatment may fail if feed is improperly prepared, inadequate, or not taken properly. Multilevel actions are needed including nutrition education, breastfeeding promotion, improved family diets, and coordinated programs at family, community, national, and international levels.
Levels and Trends in Child Malnutrition - UNICEF, WHO, Worldbank - 2014
UNICEF, WHO and the World Bank released an updated joint dataset on child malnutrition indicators (stunting, wasting, severe wasting, overweight and underweight) and new global & regional estimates for 2013 with 95% confidence intervals in September 2014 through an interactive dashboard.
Some selected findings:
- 161 million children are stunted, down from 257 million in 1990.
- Undernutrition contributes to half of all deaths in children under 5 and is widespread in Asia and Africa.
- Boys are more likely to be stunted than girls in most countries.
- 43 million children under 5 are overweight globally (as of 2011), a 54% increase from 1990
Malnutrition consequences, causes, prevention and control
Malnutrition can be caused by both under-nutrition and over-nutrition, resulting in nutritional disorders. Under-nutrition can cause protein-energy malnutrition, vitamin and mineral deficiencies, and specific deficiency diseases like beriberi, pellagra, rickets, and anemia. Over-nutrition can cause obesity. Malnutrition has wide-ranging consequences and is both caused by and exacerbates poverty. Prevention strategies include improving agricultural production, educating people, food fortification, genetic engineering of crops, and government assistance programs.
Malnutrition
Malnutrition refers to both undernutrition and overnutrition. Undernutrition is when the diet does not provide enough calories and protein for growth and maintenance. It can result in stunting, wasting, and micronutrient deficiencies. Overnutrition is consuming too many calories and can lead to overweight and obesity. Globally in 2013, 51 million children under 5 had wasting and 161 million had stunting, with most cases in Asia and Africa. While malnutrition rates have declined overall, they continue to rise in parts of Africa. Vulnerable groups like young children are most at risk.
Malnutrition
This document provides information about malnutrition including:
- Over 3.5 million mothers and children die each year due to underlying undernutrition. More than 55 million children are wasted and 19 million are severely wasted, with South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa having the highest rates.
- Common deficiencies in children under 5 include vitamin A and iron. Data from Pakistan shows 36% of children are underweight before floods, and up to 44% of rural children are stunted according to a WHO survey.
- Malnutrition is classified using several systems including WHO, Gomez, Waterlow, and Harvard classifications based on weight, edema, and other clinical signs.
- Initial management of severe malnutrition involves fluid/
Malnutrition
Malnutrition is defined as a deficiency or excess of essential nutrients. India has a major malnutrition problem, with over 200 million undernourished people. Malnutrition has many dimensions and can be measured through anthropometry, clinical signs, biochemical tests and secondary data. The major forms of malnutrition in India are undernutrition like stunting, wasting, and micronutrient deficiencies. Prevention and control requires efforts across many sectors like agriculture, public health, and socioeconomic development. Key programs in India aim to address issues like vitamin A deficiency, anemia, and iodine deficiency through supplementation and nutrition education.
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Running head PRO-CON POSITION ON VEGETARIANISM1PRO-CON POSITIO
Running head: PRO-CON POSITION ON VEGETARIANISM 1
PRO-CON POSITION ON VEGETARIANISM 2
Pro-Con Position on Vegetarianism
Maxine Philitas
Chamberlain University
Course Number: Course Name
August and 2019
Pro-Con Position on Vegetarianism
Vegetarianism is often associated with its advantages including, weight loss, decreased risk for heart disease and saving lives of innocent animals. However, there is are several disadvantages, considering the harm it may cause such as, environmental issues and put person who do not eat meat at risk for health-related issues such as anemia. Supporters of vegetarianism may recommend becoming a vegetarian; however, evidence proves that this diet may cause health related issues and negatively affect the environment.
1st Counter-Argument (your oppositions’ point)
Health related risk from vegetarianism is steadily progressing as more patrons believe that by making the choice to become vegetarians promotes their health indirectly by consuming more fruits and vegetables. According to Dittfeld, A., Gwizdek, K., Jagielski, P., Brzęk, J., & Ziora, K. experts on vegetarian diets stated, “One study has shown a case of a boy whose strict vegetarian diet led to his death as a result of cachexia.” (2017, p 62) Cachexia can be defined as muscle faintness or wasting, this can cause muscle death and overall respiratory issues. Though it is important to eat vegetables and fruits, having a well-balanced diet is even more imperative especially for children. Children’s bodies are constantly growing and need vitamins and minerals from protein to encourage their growth. Persons with inferior levels of protein, sodium, iron, manganese and phosphorus in their blood and body systems are particularly cautious when changing to a vegetarian diet.
1st Rebuttal (your point)
Vegetarian diets prevent the leading cause of death in America; heart disease. Vegetarians ultimately reduce their amount of fat and cholesterol intake from meat, which may enhance their overall wellbeing and diet. As stated in the article, “Diet plays a key role in the most pervasive and deadly diseases afflicting the American population” Ballaro, B., & Sprague, N. (2016). Persons who consumer fruits and vegetables can help maintain wellbeing and prevent cancer, heart attacks and stroke. Commonly red meat and heavily saturated foods are connected to cardiac attacks while, vegetarians consume natural sugars provided by fruit and natural supplemental vitamins from vegetables.
2nd Counter-Argument
Supplements with acquired proteins and minerals have been created to meet the needs of those who do not consume meat. Vegetarians enhance their diets with over the counter vitamins and minerals to compensate for what they are missing. As stated, in the article “Vegans, who reject all animal products, including milk, eggs and honey, place themselves at even greater risk for malnutrition” Issitt, M., & Carson-Dewitt, R. (2016). Natural recourses such as eggs and mi ...
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Child Undernutrition
- 1. Child Malnutrition The Effects of Child malnutrition in the developing world. By: Nicole Townsend
- 9. The End
Editor's Notes
- Hi, I’m Nicole Townsend and today I am going to speak to you about child malnutrition
- According to Richard Guerrant the global mortality rate among children ages 5 and younger is between 9 million and 11 million each year. And over half of these deaths are caused by malnutrition Almost 20% of the yearly deaths are from diarrhea, this is because while having diarrhea children lose all their nutrients making it hard for them to grow and develop.
- Deficiencies are also a major factor in child malnutrition. Vitiamin A and Zinc deficiencies are responsible for 9% of yearly deaths. Vitamin A deficiency is very common in developing countries. One of the first signs of Vitamin A deficiency is night blindness, and if the child continues to be low on vitamin A he or she may eventually go completely blind. Vitamin A deficiency also lowers the ability to fight infections and these infections could cause death. When a child is low on Zinc this can cause them to loose great amounts of weight, and even develop diarrhea. It also affects the growth and development of the body. Iron and Iodine deficiencies are only responsible for .2% of yearly deaths, and even though this number is small, it is still a contributing factor. Iron Deficiencies can slow down infant motor functions causing them to learn at slower speeds. And also impairs the ability to do physical activities because the child may get tired quicker. Iodine deficiency results in developmental delays and affects the thyroid hormones in the child’s body. These combined plus other deficiencies are responsible for nearly 35% of yearly deaths in children.
- The first few years in a child’s life are the most important years to the child’s development. If the child is malnourished before it is born the birth weight is already very low. This causes the child to have a hard time breathing because they are too week to use their lungs. Low birth weight is also related to cancers because the children cannot fight off diseases and illnesses. Also low birthweight is a major contributor to mental illness in developing countries because the child is so malnourished that it cannot develop the brain that is needed to grow and learn. Babies who have low birth weight are more likely to die within the first year than an average sized child. According to Joctan height-for-age at 2 years old is the best predictor of human capital. And that under nutrition is associated with lower human capital.
- A few long term effects of child malnutrition are Immune function, blood lipids and osteoporosis. With a low immune function it allows the child to have more health problems because it cannot fight off bacteria and diseases. Low blood lipids make it hard to gain weight and become nourished, it also may lead to low blood lipids for the rest of the child’s life, affecting them for the future. Osteoporosis is when bones weaken and blood tissue thins. This can make it easy for the child to break bones and because they are malnourished they may not be able to heal those bones correctly.
- Child malnutrition leads to permanent impairment and may affect future generations. The child with permanent impairment may have brain damage and become mentally retarded because they could not develop. Also many women who were malnourished as a child produce less estrogen. Future generations may be affected by this because if the child grows up with developmental problems or malnourishment the rest of their lives, they may give birth to an underweight child or not know how to take care of the child.
- A major contributor to child malnourishment is the environment. Biofuels are taking the food that could feed the mouths of these hungry children and using it to fuel cars. Also agriculture is a problem. If the land gets over used it will lose its nourishments and they will not be able to farm on that land anymore.
- A major ethic that connects to this is “rights”. Everyone has the right to eat and be healthy. Children cannot support themselves so we shouldn’t expect them to have to try to. Utilitarianism is the greatest good for the greatest number. Instead of using food for biofuels to get cars around America we should take that food and give it to countries that need it. We have enough food to help others and that is the greatest good for all.