This document summarizes a lecture on child safeguarding given by Hasanein H. Ghali at the University of Baghdad College of Medicine. It discusses key aspects of child protection including types of abuse, prevalence, and the duty of health professionals to protect children from harm. The lecture covers physical, emotional, and sexual abuse as well as neglect and fabricated illness. It also provides an example of a high-profile child abuse case in the UK and reviews the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.
This document provides an overview of child abuse and neglect. It defines different types of child abuse like physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect. It also discusses factors contributing to child abuse, statistics on abuse, clinical assessment of abuse, signs of abuse, and legal requirements for reporting suspected abuse. The goal is to educate dental professionals on properly identifying, documenting, treating, and reporting suspected cases of child abuse.
This document summarizes a research project on child protection conducted at Birmingham Children's Hospital. It involved a literature review on child protection guidelines, interviews with clinical staff, and a survey distributed to hospital staff. The survey presented a hypothetical child abuse case study and assessed staff understanding of clinical guidelines. The majority (96.4%) of hospital staff demonstrated a clear understanding of guidelines for identifying potential child abuse cases. While adherence to clinical documents was encouraging, the research concluded more should be done to prevent abuse through longer-term measures rather than just identifying evidence of abuse. Overall, the research found hospital staff generally understood how to appropriately handle potential child abuse cases according to clinical guidelines.
The document discusses child maltreatment, including definitions, classifications, signs and prevalence. It defines child maltreatment as any physical or emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect or exploitation that results in actual or potential harm. The main types are physical abuse, neglect, sexual abuse and emotional abuse. Signs include injuries, developmental delays, behavioral changes, and sexualized behaviors. Studies show high rates of physical punishment and sexual abuse of children in Ethiopia. The document calls for prohibiting corporal punishment and strengthening child protection laws.
Bernadette Madrid, University of the Philippines, Director of the Child Protection Unit, Philippines - Parenting support in the context of violence prevention, Expert Consultation on Family and Parenting Support, UNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti Florence 26-27 May 2014
ESSAY-HELPING THE YOUNG COPE WITH THE PANDEMIC.pdfAditya Garg
This project is for the fulfilment of requirements for
PROJECT WORK in ENGLISH for Class XII. The project
throws light on the multitude of effects of the
ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of
young and the challenges that are faced by children
and adolescents in these testing times. The write-up
also details actions and solutions to help overcome
these challenges.
Working on this project has given me an opportunity
to read existing literature on the subject, listen to the perspectives of the young, their teachers and experts
on the theme. I could relate with several challenges
mentioned by others which gave me the reassurance
that others across the globe are also facing issues
similar to mine. It also helped me understand the
psycho-social effects better and take the challenges
more positively and take appropriate action.
Healthcare issues for children include violence, infectious diseases, poverty, hunger, environment, education, and access to care. Violence has caused many children to lose their lives or be disabled. Infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, diarrhea and malaria have killed many children worldwide. Poverty deprives children of their rights and weakens their environment. Hunger continues to affect over 1 billion children globally through inadequate access to essential resources. Environmental factors also impact children's physical and mental development. Lack of education and access to affordable healthcare further exacerbate health challenges for children.
This workshop was facilitated by Dr. Glenda Clare. As a result of attending this workshop participants were be able to:
List factors resulting in foster care placement
Identify factors which place foster care youth at high risk for HIV
Identify strategies to provide HIV prevention and treatment services to youth in foster care
Identify resources for future work with youth in foster care
This document provides an overview of child abuse and neglect. It defines different types of child abuse like physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect. It also discusses factors contributing to child abuse, statistics on abuse, clinical assessment of abuse, signs of abuse, and legal requirements for reporting suspected abuse. The goal is to educate dental professionals on properly identifying, documenting, treating, and reporting suspected cases of child abuse.
This document summarizes a research project on child protection conducted at Birmingham Children's Hospital. It involved a literature review on child protection guidelines, interviews with clinical staff, and a survey distributed to hospital staff. The survey presented a hypothetical child abuse case study and assessed staff understanding of clinical guidelines. The majority (96.4%) of hospital staff demonstrated a clear understanding of guidelines for identifying potential child abuse cases. While adherence to clinical documents was encouraging, the research concluded more should be done to prevent abuse through longer-term measures rather than just identifying evidence of abuse. Overall, the research found hospital staff generally understood how to appropriately handle potential child abuse cases according to clinical guidelines.
The document discusses child maltreatment, including definitions, classifications, signs and prevalence. It defines child maltreatment as any physical or emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect or exploitation that results in actual or potential harm. The main types are physical abuse, neglect, sexual abuse and emotional abuse. Signs include injuries, developmental delays, behavioral changes, and sexualized behaviors. Studies show high rates of physical punishment and sexual abuse of children in Ethiopia. The document calls for prohibiting corporal punishment and strengthening child protection laws.
Bernadette Madrid, University of the Philippines, Director of the Child Protection Unit, Philippines - Parenting support in the context of violence prevention, Expert Consultation on Family and Parenting Support, UNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti Florence 26-27 May 2014
ESSAY-HELPING THE YOUNG COPE WITH THE PANDEMIC.pdfAditya Garg
This project is for the fulfilment of requirements for
PROJECT WORK in ENGLISH for Class XII. The project
throws light on the multitude of effects of the
ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of
young and the challenges that are faced by children
and adolescents in these testing times. The write-up
also details actions and solutions to help overcome
these challenges.
Working on this project has given me an opportunity
to read existing literature on the subject, listen to the perspectives of the young, their teachers and experts
on the theme. I could relate with several challenges
mentioned by others which gave me the reassurance
that others across the globe are also facing issues
similar to mine. It also helped me understand the
psycho-social effects better and take the challenges
more positively and take appropriate action.
Healthcare issues for children include violence, infectious diseases, poverty, hunger, environment, education, and access to care. Violence has caused many children to lose their lives or be disabled. Infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, diarrhea and malaria have killed many children worldwide. Poverty deprives children of their rights and weakens their environment. Hunger continues to affect over 1 billion children globally through inadequate access to essential resources. Environmental factors also impact children's physical and mental development. Lack of education and access to affordable healthcare further exacerbate health challenges for children.
This workshop was facilitated by Dr. Glenda Clare. As a result of attending this workshop participants were be able to:
List factors resulting in foster care placement
Identify factors which place foster care youth at high risk for HIV
Identify strategies to provide HIV prevention and treatment services to youth in foster care
Identify resources for future work with youth in foster care
Demographic evaluation of covid 19 pandemicChiragJain426
The document discusses the Covid-19 vaccines available in India - Covaxin, Covishield, and Sputnik-V - and provides details on their efficacy rates and dates of approval. It also examines the various social, economic, and health impacts of the pandemic, including increased mortality, effects on age structure, educational and health inequalities, and challenges for children, youth, elderly, and women.
Paediatrics is the branch of medicine dealing with the development, care, and diseases of infants, children, and adolescents. It emerged over a century ago in response to an increasing awareness that children's health problems differ from adults and that a child's response to illness varies with age. The top five causes of mortality in Zambia are pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria, malnutrition, and HIV-related diseases. Pediatrics monitors indicators like under-five mortality rate and considers factors like a child's best interest, parental responsibility, and a child's developing autonomy and capacity for self-determination.
This document discusses several topics in bioethics including:
1. The definition and history of bioethics as a field emerging from advances in medicine and technology.
2. The four principles of bioethics: confidentiality, beneficence, justice, and autonomy.
3. Issues raised by genetic testing and prenatal diagnosis including social stigma, employment discrimination, insurance implications, and decisions around abortion.
4. Concerns regarding gene therapy and manipulating human genes including safety, ecological impacts, and playing God.
This document discusses several topics in bioethics including:
1. The definition and history of bioethics as a field emerging from advances in medicine and technology.
2. The four principles of bioethics: confidentiality, beneficence, justice, and autonomy.
3. Issues raised by genetic testing and prenatal diagnosis including social stigma, employment discrimination, insurance coverage, and decisions around abortion.
4. Concerns regarding gene therapy and playing God by tampering with human genes.
Child trafficking – prevention and rehabilitation by dr. r.shivappaShivappa Ramakrishna
Over 100 million children worldwide are at risk of abuse, neglect, and exploitation. Strong parental relationships and family support can help protect children, but many lack these stability factors. Child trafficking strips children of their childhoods and subjects them to physical and psychological harm. Preventing trafficking requires multi-pronged efforts like strengthening families and communities, punishing abusers, and giving at-risk children access to education and support systems to help overcome difficult circumstances.
The document discusses child abuse and neglect in India. It notes that India has the largest child population in the world, and that 69% of Indian children experience some form of abuse. The most common types of abuse are physical, emotional, and sexual abuse. Child abuse and neglect have long-lasting negative impacts and preventing them requires developing preventive programs and legal ramifications. The document examines prevalence, vulnerable groups, predisposing factors, management and prevention.
Vladimir Trajkovski-Mental health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic in pers...Vladimir Trajkovski
Lecture of Prof. Dr. Vladimir Trajkovski entitled: "Mental health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic in persons with ASD" given on online conference in India “Mental Health and Well-being in Post Covid Scenario: A Global perspective”.
ASSESSMENT OF THE FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT IN NIGERIA....ResearchWap
It has been the general assumption that children with reasonable physical care would grow into normal happy adulthood. But scientific investigations by psychologists, sociologist and psychiatrists regarding personality development has uncovered the greater importance of growing up and its lasting effects on the total personality of a person. Adult personality has its root in childhood. What we can do as adults are largely determined by the ways in which we were allowed to experience inevitable events of childhood.
Thus the aim of this research work is to shed more light on the issue of child abuse and neglect in Kaduna South Local Government of Kaduna State.
A child is neglected when he lacks continuous physical and emotional contact with his mother. Children under this category may be due to the loss of a mother or both parents or the separation of both parents, this child may be sent to nursery school or orphanages with many children which makes it difficult for special individual attention to be rendered to each child. Those children are therefore brought up by strangers which could be changed at different times due to the shift of their studies.
Child abuse on the other hand can be defined as the portion of harm to children that result from human action or inaction that is prescribed, proximate and preventable. The definition recognizes that such harm is no accident but something perpetrated on children by others, usually intestinally and that the actors inflicting this harm do not enjoy society's approval. It is also pointed out that abuse generally comes from the child's immediate environment and that it is preventable child neglect is a passive form of maltreatment or abuse UNICEF (1986).
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
This document summarizes a presentation on foster care for children with disabilities. It discusses how disabled children are at increased risk of violence and abuse due to stigma and perceptions of vulnerability. It defines foster care and outlines rights that should be upheld for disabled children, including rights to treatment, education, participation, life, food, health, water, identity, freedom and protection from violence. The presentation emphasizes that violence against children is preventable and states have responsibilities to protect children's rights and support families in providing safe care.
Lack of Parental Supervision and Psychosocial Development of Children of Scho...ijtsrd
This study sought to investigate lack of parental supervision and psychosocial development of children of school going age in Buea sub division of the South West Region. A mixed research method was used. Data collected from the administration of questionnaires with pupils and the interview data from interview sessions with parents were analysed using both quantitative and qualitative data analytical techniques respectively. In relation to questionnaire data, we adopted the quantitative technique of data analysis consisting of both descriptive and inferential statistics. This consisted mainly to the closed ended questions which consist of both single response and Likert scale sets of questions. The open ended questions were analysed using thematic analysis. After receiving questionnaires from the field, the data was entered and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS Standard version, Release 21.0 IBM Inc. 2012 and data validation and cleaning were carried out. Descriptive results revealed that parents offer assistance to their children with regards to their assignments but do not exercise full supervision with regards to whether their children need private teaching at home there is high level of parental supervision over children works also there is parental supervision with respect to discussion of issues concerning the future of children parents and guardians create time to supervise their children to determine if they have done their assignments before going to bed as well as offer attention to children. Findings reveled that in cases of increase in lack of Parental supervision, there is an increase in social withdrawal amongst children r=0.461, p 0.01 , increase in anger levels amongst children of school going age r=0.263, p 0.01 , decrease in anxiousness in children r= 0.164, p 0.01 , but an increase in self esteem levels in children of school going age r=0.363, p 0.01 , and an increase in depression amongst children r=0.399, p 0.01 , and an overall increase in psychosocial development in r=0.345, p 0.01 of children of school going age in Buea Sub Division. Lack of parental supervisor determines 15.9 variation R2= 0.159 F=66.088 P 0.01 in pupil’s level of depression, 21.2 variation R2= 0.212 F=94.094 P 0.01 in children’s level of social withdrawal, 6.7 variation R2= 0.067 F=26.029 P 0.01 in level of anger amongst children, 2.7 variation R2= 0.027 F=9.613 P 0.01 in pupil’s level of anxiousness, 13.2 variation R2= 0.132 F=53.070 P 0.01 in pupil’s level of self esteem and 11.9 variation R2= 0.119 F=47.184 P 0.01 in overall psychosocial development of children of school going. This confirms the hypothesis results that t=6.869, P 0.01 lack of parental supervision has a significant effect on the psychosocial development of children of school going age in Buea Sub Division. Njikang Christina Senge Tanyi | Therese Mugah Shalloh Tchombe | Patrick Fonyuy Shey "Lack of Parental Supervision and Psychosocial Development of Childre
Dangerous Ideas in Development Presentation on Children and AIDSIDS
A presentation given in the UK Parliament by Jerker Edstrom as part of the Dangerous Ideas in Development series run by IDS and the All Party Parliamentary Group on Debt, AID and Trade
The document discusses three main issues related to student development:
1) Children's rights to protection, which includes rights to parents, identity, basic needs, education, and freedom from discrimination. Protection of these rights is important for healthy development.
2) Distance from home to school, which can negatively impact students' academic performance if too far, as they may arrive at school tired and lose motivation.
3) Indulging in illegal drug use, which presents challenges for school management by negatively impacting participation, discipline and performance through effects like truancy and poor academics. Schools must address this issue through strategies like counseling and teaching on dangers of drugs.
1) The study examined whether specific chronic health conditions increase the risk of abuse or neglect for young Medicaid-enrolled children under age 6.
2) It found that children with behavioral/mental health conditions were nearly twice as likely to experience abuse or neglect as children without such conditions.
3) Children with physical health conditions were also at a slightly higher risk of abuse or neglect compared to children without conditions. Developmental/intellectual disabilities did not increase the risk of maltreatment.
Essential for childhood webinar trainingVennaOldsen
This document provides an overview of a training on promoting child safety and supporting families during COVID-19. It defines different types of child abuse and neglect, provides 2019 child abuse statistics for Missouri, and outlines how school closures may have impacted reporting of abuse cases. The training covers mandated reporting procedures, adverse childhood experiences, and strategies to prevent child maltreatment through community commitment, using data to inform actions, promoting positive norms, and supportive policies and programs.
This document discusses child abuse in Egypt. It provides definitions of child abuse, outlines children's rights according to the National Council for Childhood and Motherhood in Egypt, and describes the main types of child abuse - physical, sexual, emotional, and neglect. It examines risk factors for child abuse and the health consequences. It discusses the role of family physicians in identifying and responding to suspected child abuse cases. Finally, it outlines some national initiatives and programs in Egypt aimed at eliminating child abuse practices like female genital mutilation, protecting street children, and strengthening the juvenile justice system.
The COVID-19 pandemic is negatively impacting children through three main channels: infection with the virus itself, immediate socioeconomic impacts of measures to stop transmission, and potential long-term effects of delays in implementing sustainable development goals. Children face breaks in learning and healthcare continuity, increased risks of abuse, malnutrition, and long-term developmental issues. Immediate actions are needed from governments and caregivers to minimize impacts, including continuing education and social services, providing family support, and prioritizing children's rights.
This document discusses child maltreatment in Malaysia. It provides definitions of different types of child abuse according to WHO, including physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, neglect, and exploitation. It then summarizes prevalence rates of different types of abuse in several Southeast Asian countries based on various studies. The document also discusses risk factors for child abuse, signs that should raise suspicion of maltreatment, diagnostic approaches, and features that indicate abusive head trauma versus accidental head injuries in children.
The document discusses child abuse, defining it as any act or failure to act by a parent or caregiver that harms a child. The major types of child abuse are sexual abuse, emotional/psychological abuse, neglect, and physical abuse. Child abuse is a global issue and India has high rates of crimes against children. Efforts are needed to increase awareness, prioritize child protection, and support child abuse victims.
Our backs are like superheroes, holding us up and helping us move around. But sometimes, even superheroes can get hurt. That’s where slip discs come in.
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
Demographic evaluation of covid 19 pandemicChiragJain426
The document discusses the Covid-19 vaccines available in India - Covaxin, Covishield, and Sputnik-V - and provides details on their efficacy rates and dates of approval. It also examines the various social, economic, and health impacts of the pandemic, including increased mortality, effects on age structure, educational and health inequalities, and challenges for children, youth, elderly, and women.
Paediatrics is the branch of medicine dealing with the development, care, and diseases of infants, children, and adolescents. It emerged over a century ago in response to an increasing awareness that children's health problems differ from adults and that a child's response to illness varies with age. The top five causes of mortality in Zambia are pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria, malnutrition, and HIV-related diseases. Pediatrics monitors indicators like under-five mortality rate and considers factors like a child's best interest, parental responsibility, and a child's developing autonomy and capacity for self-determination.
This document discusses several topics in bioethics including:
1. The definition and history of bioethics as a field emerging from advances in medicine and technology.
2. The four principles of bioethics: confidentiality, beneficence, justice, and autonomy.
3. Issues raised by genetic testing and prenatal diagnosis including social stigma, employment discrimination, insurance implications, and decisions around abortion.
4. Concerns regarding gene therapy and manipulating human genes including safety, ecological impacts, and playing God.
This document discusses several topics in bioethics including:
1. The definition and history of bioethics as a field emerging from advances in medicine and technology.
2. The four principles of bioethics: confidentiality, beneficence, justice, and autonomy.
3. Issues raised by genetic testing and prenatal diagnosis including social stigma, employment discrimination, insurance coverage, and decisions around abortion.
4. Concerns regarding gene therapy and playing God by tampering with human genes.
Child trafficking – prevention and rehabilitation by dr. r.shivappaShivappa Ramakrishna
Over 100 million children worldwide are at risk of abuse, neglect, and exploitation. Strong parental relationships and family support can help protect children, but many lack these stability factors. Child trafficking strips children of their childhoods and subjects them to physical and psychological harm. Preventing trafficking requires multi-pronged efforts like strengthening families and communities, punishing abusers, and giving at-risk children access to education and support systems to help overcome difficult circumstances.
The document discusses child abuse and neglect in India. It notes that India has the largest child population in the world, and that 69% of Indian children experience some form of abuse. The most common types of abuse are physical, emotional, and sexual abuse. Child abuse and neglect have long-lasting negative impacts and preventing them requires developing preventive programs and legal ramifications. The document examines prevalence, vulnerable groups, predisposing factors, management and prevention.
Vladimir Trajkovski-Mental health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic in pers...Vladimir Trajkovski
Lecture of Prof. Dr. Vladimir Trajkovski entitled: "Mental health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic in persons with ASD" given on online conference in India “Mental Health and Well-being in Post Covid Scenario: A Global perspective”.
ASSESSMENT OF THE FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT IN NIGERIA....ResearchWap
It has been the general assumption that children with reasonable physical care would grow into normal happy adulthood. But scientific investigations by psychologists, sociologist and psychiatrists regarding personality development has uncovered the greater importance of growing up and its lasting effects on the total personality of a person. Adult personality has its root in childhood. What we can do as adults are largely determined by the ways in which we were allowed to experience inevitable events of childhood.
Thus the aim of this research work is to shed more light on the issue of child abuse and neglect in Kaduna South Local Government of Kaduna State.
A child is neglected when he lacks continuous physical and emotional contact with his mother. Children under this category may be due to the loss of a mother or both parents or the separation of both parents, this child may be sent to nursery school or orphanages with many children which makes it difficult for special individual attention to be rendered to each child. Those children are therefore brought up by strangers which could be changed at different times due to the shift of their studies.
Child abuse on the other hand can be defined as the portion of harm to children that result from human action or inaction that is prescribed, proximate and preventable. The definition recognizes that such harm is no accident but something perpetrated on children by others, usually intestinally and that the actors inflicting this harm do not enjoy society's approval. It is also pointed out that abuse generally comes from the child's immediate environment and that it is preventable child neglect is a passive form of maltreatment or abuse UNICEF (1986).
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
This document summarizes a presentation on foster care for children with disabilities. It discusses how disabled children are at increased risk of violence and abuse due to stigma and perceptions of vulnerability. It defines foster care and outlines rights that should be upheld for disabled children, including rights to treatment, education, participation, life, food, health, water, identity, freedom and protection from violence. The presentation emphasizes that violence against children is preventable and states have responsibilities to protect children's rights and support families in providing safe care.
Lack of Parental Supervision and Psychosocial Development of Children of Scho...ijtsrd
This study sought to investigate lack of parental supervision and psychosocial development of children of school going age in Buea sub division of the South West Region. A mixed research method was used. Data collected from the administration of questionnaires with pupils and the interview data from interview sessions with parents were analysed using both quantitative and qualitative data analytical techniques respectively. In relation to questionnaire data, we adopted the quantitative technique of data analysis consisting of both descriptive and inferential statistics. This consisted mainly to the closed ended questions which consist of both single response and Likert scale sets of questions. The open ended questions were analysed using thematic analysis. After receiving questionnaires from the field, the data was entered and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS Standard version, Release 21.0 IBM Inc. 2012 and data validation and cleaning were carried out. Descriptive results revealed that parents offer assistance to their children with regards to their assignments but do not exercise full supervision with regards to whether their children need private teaching at home there is high level of parental supervision over children works also there is parental supervision with respect to discussion of issues concerning the future of children parents and guardians create time to supervise their children to determine if they have done their assignments before going to bed as well as offer attention to children. Findings reveled that in cases of increase in lack of Parental supervision, there is an increase in social withdrawal amongst children r=0.461, p 0.01 , increase in anger levels amongst children of school going age r=0.263, p 0.01 , decrease in anxiousness in children r= 0.164, p 0.01 , but an increase in self esteem levels in children of school going age r=0.363, p 0.01 , and an increase in depression amongst children r=0.399, p 0.01 , and an overall increase in psychosocial development in r=0.345, p 0.01 of children of school going age in Buea Sub Division. Lack of parental supervisor determines 15.9 variation R2= 0.159 F=66.088 P 0.01 in pupil’s level of depression, 21.2 variation R2= 0.212 F=94.094 P 0.01 in children’s level of social withdrawal, 6.7 variation R2= 0.067 F=26.029 P 0.01 in level of anger amongst children, 2.7 variation R2= 0.027 F=9.613 P 0.01 in pupil’s level of anxiousness, 13.2 variation R2= 0.132 F=53.070 P 0.01 in pupil’s level of self esteem and 11.9 variation R2= 0.119 F=47.184 P 0.01 in overall psychosocial development of children of school going. This confirms the hypothesis results that t=6.869, P 0.01 lack of parental supervision has a significant effect on the psychosocial development of children of school going age in Buea Sub Division. Njikang Christina Senge Tanyi | Therese Mugah Shalloh Tchombe | Patrick Fonyuy Shey "Lack of Parental Supervision and Psychosocial Development of Childre
Dangerous Ideas in Development Presentation on Children and AIDSIDS
A presentation given in the UK Parliament by Jerker Edstrom as part of the Dangerous Ideas in Development series run by IDS and the All Party Parliamentary Group on Debt, AID and Trade
The document discusses three main issues related to student development:
1) Children's rights to protection, which includes rights to parents, identity, basic needs, education, and freedom from discrimination. Protection of these rights is important for healthy development.
2) Distance from home to school, which can negatively impact students' academic performance if too far, as they may arrive at school tired and lose motivation.
3) Indulging in illegal drug use, which presents challenges for school management by negatively impacting participation, discipline and performance through effects like truancy and poor academics. Schools must address this issue through strategies like counseling and teaching on dangers of drugs.
1) The study examined whether specific chronic health conditions increase the risk of abuse or neglect for young Medicaid-enrolled children under age 6.
2) It found that children with behavioral/mental health conditions were nearly twice as likely to experience abuse or neglect as children without such conditions.
3) Children with physical health conditions were also at a slightly higher risk of abuse or neglect compared to children without conditions. Developmental/intellectual disabilities did not increase the risk of maltreatment.
Essential for childhood webinar trainingVennaOldsen
This document provides an overview of a training on promoting child safety and supporting families during COVID-19. It defines different types of child abuse and neglect, provides 2019 child abuse statistics for Missouri, and outlines how school closures may have impacted reporting of abuse cases. The training covers mandated reporting procedures, adverse childhood experiences, and strategies to prevent child maltreatment through community commitment, using data to inform actions, promoting positive norms, and supportive policies and programs.
This document discusses child abuse in Egypt. It provides definitions of child abuse, outlines children's rights according to the National Council for Childhood and Motherhood in Egypt, and describes the main types of child abuse - physical, sexual, emotional, and neglect. It examines risk factors for child abuse and the health consequences. It discusses the role of family physicians in identifying and responding to suspected child abuse cases. Finally, it outlines some national initiatives and programs in Egypt aimed at eliminating child abuse practices like female genital mutilation, protecting street children, and strengthening the juvenile justice system.
The COVID-19 pandemic is negatively impacting children through three main channels: infection with the virus itself, immediate socioeconomic impacts of measures to stop transmission, and potential long-term effects of delays in implementing sustainable development goals. Children face breaks in learning and healthcare continuity, increased risks of abuse, malnutrition, and long-term developmental issues. Immediate actions are needed from governments and caregivers to minimize impacts, including continuing education and social services, providing family support, and prioritizing children's rights.
This document discusses child maltreatment in Malaysia. It provides definitions of different types of child abuse according to WHO, including physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, neglect, and exploitation. It then summarizes prevalence rates of different types of abuse in several Southeast Asian countries based on various studies. The document also discusses risk factors for child abuse, signs that should raise suspicion of maltreatment, diagnostic approaches, and features that indicate abusive head trauma versus accidental head injuries in children.
The document discusses child abuse, defining it as any act or failure to act by a parent or caregiver that harms a child. The major types of child abuse are sexual abuse, emotional/psychological abuse, neglect, and physical abuse. Child abuse is a global issue and India has high rates of crimes against children. Efforts are needed to increase awareness, prioritize child protection, and support child abuse victims.
Our backs are like superheroes, holding us up and helping us move around. But sometimes, even superheroes can get hurt. That’s where slip discs come in.
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
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There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
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Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Child Protection and Abuse .pptx
1. University of Baghdad
College of Medicine
2022-2023
Title: Child Safeguarding
Grade: 5th
Module: Pediatrics
Speaker: Hasanein H. Ghali
Date: Dec. 21st 2022
2. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
Features of child protection are:
o Protecting children from harm is a duty of all health professionals.
o Physical and sexual abuse may dominate the media, but it also
encompasses neglect, emotional abuse, sexual exploitation, and
fabricated illness, and female genital mutilation.
o Issues are often complex and difficult, so decisions usually require a
multidisciplinary approach by specially trained, experienced
professionals.
3. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
Child protection
o Children and young people require parents who love, look after,
provide shelter, and protect them from harm.
o Unfortunately, this is not the case for all children. Emotional,
physical and sexual abuse and neglect of children by parents and
others continue to blight the lives of children and young people as it
has throughout history.
o Maltreatment significantly decreases the likelihood that a child will
reach his or her full potential, although this is not inevitable; some
resilient individuals manage despite very adverse circumstances.
4. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
Child protection
Society, including the medical profession, was largely reluctant to
accept that child maltreatment occurred until the second half of the
twentieth century, when attention was drawn by two American
pediatricians to the ‘battered child’. It is now accepted that child abuse
and neglect exist and legislation is in place making abuse a criminal
offence. Fear of missing child abuse has to be weighed against the
damage of falsely accusing parents of abusing their children.
5. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
The United Nations Convention
on the Rights of the Child (1989)
1- Survival rights: The child’s right to life and to the most basic needs –
food, shelter, and access to healthcare.
2- Developmental rights: To achieve their full potential – education,
play, freedom of thought, conscience, and religion. Those with
disabilities to receive special services.
3- Protection rights: Against all forms of abuse, neglect, exploitation,
and discrimination.
4- Participation rights: To take an active role in their communities and
nations.
6. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
A recent high-profile case of
child abuse in the UK
Daniel Pelka, aged 4-years, died from a head injury in March 2012. In
the months before his death he was denied food, force-fed salt, held
under the water in a bath until becoming unconscious, and regularly
beaten and imprisoned in an unheated box room. Police received 26
reports of domestic abuse at his home. Lack of rigorous questioning
and poor record-keeping meant officials never got to the bottom of
what was going on. The serious case review into his death identified
three main failures when the abuse could have been stopped:
7. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
A recent high-profile case of
child abuse in the UK
o Professionals believed his parents’ story too readily in 2011 that he broke his arm
when he fell off a sofa.
o His primary school failed to act on a pattern of injuries spotted during the 4
months before his death in 2012. Teachers watched him fish half-eaten food
from bins because he was so hungry. His mother convinced them that he had an
eating disorder
o A pediatrician, just a month before he died, failed to spot child abuse as the key
reason for the dramatic weight loss: he weighed less than 11 kg when he died.
What is striking and depressing is that no professional ever asked Daniel how he
was feeling and what was happening in his life that made him want to eat from
bins.
8. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
Summary
o Child maltreatment has existed for centuries but societies
have been very slow to acknowledge it as a problem.
o Children and young people are vulnerable and cannot protect
themselves.
o Protecting children and young people from harm is a key role
of parents and all involved with children.
o All healthcare professionals, social workers, teachers, police,
and others have a duty to ensure that they know what to do if
they have concerns that a child or young person may be being
abused.
9. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
University of Baghdad
College of Medicine
2022-2023
Title: Child Abuse
Grade: 5th
Module: Pediatrics
Speaker: Hasanein H. Ghali
Date: Dec. 21st 2022
10. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
Child abuse and neglect
Abuse and neglect are both forms of maltreatment of a child.
Somebody may abuse or neglect a child by inflicting harm, or by failing
to act to prevent harm. Children may be abused in a family at home or
in an institution or community, usually by someone known to them or,
more rarely, by a stranger. They may be abused by one or more adults
or another child or other children.
11. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
Types of child abuse and neglect
Conventionally, child abuse is categorized into:
o Physical abuse
o Emotional abuse
o Sexual abuse, including sexual exploitation
o Neglect
o Fabricated or induced illness.
12. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
Physical abuse
Physical abuse may involve hitting, shaking, throwing, poisoning,
burning or scalding, drowning, suffocating, or otherwise causing
physical harm to a child.
13. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
Emotional abuse
Emotional abuse is the persistent emotional maltreatment of a child
resulting in severe and persistent adverse effects on the child’s
emotional development.
It may involve conveying to children that they are worthless or unloved,
inadequate, or valued only insofar as they meet the needs of another
person. It may also involve serious bullying that causes children to feel
frightened or in danger, or the exploitation or corruption of children.
Some level of emotional abuse is involved in all types of maltreatment
of a child, although it may occur alone.
14. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
Sexual abuse and sexual
exploitation
Sexual abuse involves forcing or enticing a child or young person to take
part in sexual activities, including prostitution, whether or not the child
is aware of what is happening. The activities may involve physical
contact like rape and/or noncontact activities, such as involving
children in watching sexual activities.
Sexual exploitation is a type of sexual abuse in which children are
sexually exploited for money, power, or status.
15. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
Neglect
Neglect is the persistent failure to meet a child’s basic physical and/or
psychological needs, likely to result in the serious impairment of the
child’s health or development. It may involve a parent failing to
provide:
o Adequate food and clothing,
o Shelter, including exclusion from home or abandonment
o Protection from physical and emotional harm or danger
o Adequate supervision, including the use of inadequate caregivers
o Access to appropriate medical care or treatment.
It may also include neglect or unresponsiveness to a child’s basic
emotional needs.
16. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
Fabricated or induced illness
This is a broad term to describe a group of behaviors by parents, but
usually the mother (>80%), which cause harm to children. It fulfils the
parents own needs. It may consist of:
o Verbal fabrication – parents fabricate (i.e. invent) symptoms and
signs in the child, telling a false story to healthcare professionals,
leading them to believe the child is ill and requires investigation and
treatment. Medical and nursing staff are used as the instrument to
harm the child through unnecessary interventions, including
medication, hospital stays, intrusive tests, and surgery.
17. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
Fabricated or induced illness
o Induction of illness – may involve:
1. Suffocation of the child, which may present as an acute life-
threatening event
2. Administration of noxious substances or poisons
3. Excessive or unnecessary administration of ordinary substances (e.g.
excess salt)
4. Excess or unnecessary use of medication (prescribed for the child or
others)
5. The use of medically provided portals of entry (such as gastrostomy
buttons, central lines).
18. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
Fabricated or induced illness
Organic illness may coexist with fabricated or induced illness in a child,
thus making the fabrication more difficult to identify. It may manifest as
overprotection, imposing unwarranted restrictions, or giving treatment
that is inappropriate or excessive.
The condition can be extremely difficult to diagnose, but may be
suspected if the child has frequent unexplained illnesses and multiple
hospital admissions with symptoms that only occur in the carer’s
presence and are not substantiated by clinical findings. This disorder
can be very damaging to the child, and the child also learns to live with
a pattern of illness rather than health.
19. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
Prevalence of child maltreatment
It is only possible to estimate the size of the problem in high-income
countries where there are official statistics from agencies investigating
victims, e.g. child protection services or the police (investigating victims
and offenders). Below is the cumulative prevalence of abuse from
self-reports (0–18 years) in high-income countries
Type Physical Sexual Emotional Neglect
Cumulative
prevalence
5–35%
15–30% girls
5–15% boys
4–9% 6–12%
20. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
Safeguarding children
Safeguarding is the term used in child protection processes and
procedures in the UK. It means that not only should we intervene when
there are clear instances of child maltreatment as set out previously,
but also vulnerabilities should be recognized and alerted to those
involved in looking after the child or young person. This includes the
parents or carers, teachers, social workers and the police. Providing
early help is more effective in promoting the welfare of children than
reacting later.
21. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
Safeguarding children
The key principles of safeguarding children are:
o Safeguarding is everyone’s responsibility: for services to be effective
each professional and organization should play their full part
o Child-centred approach: for services to be effective they should be
based on a clear understanding of the needs and views of children.
22. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
Risk factors
Child maltreatment occurs across socioeconomic, religious, cultural,
racial, and ethnic groups. Although no specific causes have been
definitively identified that lead a parent or other caregiver to abuse or
neglect a child, research has recognized a number of risk factors
commonly associated with maltreatment. Children within families and
environments in which these factors exist have a higher probability of
experiencing maltreatment, but this does not mean that the presence
of these factors will always result in child abuse and neglect.
23. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
Risk factors
In the child: failure to meet parental expectations and aspirations, e.g.
disabled, or ‘wrong’ gender; or born after forced, or commercial sex.
Parent/carer: mental health problems; parental indifference,
intolerance, or over-anxiousness; alcohol, drug abuse.
In the family: step-parents; domestic violence; multiple/closely
spaced births; lack of social support; young parental age.
Environment: poverty, poor housing.
24. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
Presentation – Child abuse
Child abuse may present with one or more of:
o Physical symptoms and signs
o Psychological symptoms and signs
o A concerning interaction observed between the child and the
parent
o The child may tell someone about the abuse
o The abuse may be observed.
Identification of child abuse in children with disabilities may be
more difficult; disability is also a risk factor for child abuse.
In order to diagnose child abuse or neglect, a detailed history and
thorough examination are crucial.
25. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
Factors to consider in the presentation
of a physical injury are:
o The child’s age and stage of development
o The history given by the child (if they can communicate)
o The plausibility and/or reasonableness of the explanation for the
injury
o Any background, like previous child protection concerns, multiple
attendances to hospital.
o Delay in reporting the injury
o Inconsistent histories from caregivers
o Inappropriate reaction of parents or caregivers who are vague,
unconcerned, or excessively distressed or aggressive.
26. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
A story of severe child abuse
A 2-month-old boy was brought into the Emergency department by
ambulance, with sudden loss of consciousness. His mother
accompanying him appeared to have learning difficulties and could not
explain what had happened. His father arrived soon after and said that
he had been changing the child’s nappy on the floor when suddenly he
‘went all floppy and asleep’.
The child was unresponsive and had shallow breathing. His pupils were
dilated. He appeared well nourished and was dressed only in a nappy.
There were no obvious injuries seen.
Medical management was rapidly instituted.
27. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
The child was transferred to an intensive care unit,
where he died. The parents maintained their story,
despite the compelling evidence of inflicted head injury
and shaking. The case went to the criminal court and
both were sentenced on a number of charges.
28. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
Examples of injuries and a guide as
to how likely it is due to an inflicted
injury
Injury More likely to be inflicted
Fractures Any fracture in a non-mobile child (excluding fragile bones)
Rib fractures
Multiple fractures (unless significant accidental trauma, e.g. road traffic accident)
Multiple fractures of different ages
Bruises Bruising in the shape of a hand or object
Bruises on the neck that look like attempted strangulation
Bruises around the wrists or ankles that look like ligature marks
Bruise to the buttocks in a child less than 2 years or any age without a good explanation
Burns
Any burn in a child who is not mobile
A burn in the shape of an implement – cigarette, iron
A ‘glove or stocking’ burn consistent with forced immersion
Bites Bruising in the shape of a bite thought unlikely to have been caused by a young child
30. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
Presentation – Neglect
o Consider the possibility of neglect when the child: Consistently
misses important medical appointments; Lacks needed medical or
dental care or immunizations; Seems ravenously hungry; Is dirty; Is
wearing inadequate clothing in cold weather; Is abusing alcohol or
other drugs; Says there is no one at home to provide care.
o Consider the possibility of neglect when the parent or other adult:
appears to be indifferent to the child; seems apathetic or depressed;
behaves irrationally or in a bizarre manner; is abusing alcohol or
other drugs.
31. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
Presentation – Emotional abuse
This damaging form of abuse can be difficult to identify in a single brief
healthcare interaction with a child and carer but may be apparent
when the observation period recurs or is longer, e.g. an inpatient or
neonatal unit setting. Some clues may be found by noting how the
parent or caregiver perceives the child. Is the child: the ‘wrong’
gender? born at a time of parental separation or violence? seen as
unduly ‘difficult’?
32. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
Presentation – Emotional abuse
There may be clues from the behavior of the child. This depends on the
child’s age:
o babies: apathetic, delayed development, or non-demanding.
o Toddlers and preschool children: violent, apathetic, and fearful.
o school children: wetting, soiling, and antisocial behavior
o adolescents: self-harm, depression, oppositional, and aggressive.
In addition to emotional abuse by a parent or carer, bullying by other
children is increasingly recognized as an important form of emotional
abuse.
33. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
Presentation – Sexual abuse
o Recognition: The child or young person may: tell someone about
the abuse; be identified in pornographic material; be pregnant (a
girl under the age of 13); have a sexually transmitted infection with
no clear explanation
o Physical symptoms: Vaginal bleeding, itching, discharge; Rectal
bleeding.
o Behavioral symptoms: Soiling, secondary enuresis; Self-
harm, aggressive or sexualized behaviors, poor school
performance.
34. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
Presentation – Sexual abuse
o Signs: There are few definitive diagnostic signs of sexual abuse on
examination and nearly all examinations after suspected sexual
abuse show no positive findings. This is because sexual abuse of
children often comprises touching or kissing or other activities that
do not involve significant physical force. Furthermore, the genital
area heals very quickly in young children, so signs may be absent
even a few days after significant trauma.
35. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
Investigations
In physical abuse, fractures in young children may not be detectable
clinically and X-rays are required to identify them. Bruising overlying a
fracture is rarely seen on presentation. Other medical conditions that
need to be considered and excluded in suspected child abuse
are: coagulopathy, Mongolian spot, scalded skin syndrome,
bullous impetigo, and osteogenesis imperfecta.
36. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
Is there emotional abuse or neglect?
A general pediatrician sees a 6-year-old boy for recurrent abdominal
pain resulting in missing 20% of school this year.
The boy and his mother are accompanied by his 3 months old sister.
The boy is all over the clinic room – climbing onto the examination
couch, turning the ophthalmoscope on and off, crawling under the
desk, trying to get hold of the computer keyboard and turning the
water tap of the handbasin on and off. The baby is crying, but her
mother is holding her at arm’s length and not comforting her or taking
any notice of her son’s behavior.
37. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
Is there emotional abuse or neglect?
With the help of the clinic nurse, the boy is shown some toys and
settles down and shows good ability to put a simple jigsaw puzzle
together. The baby keeps crying until the mother eventually gives her a
bottle of formula from her bag. The mother’s affect is very flat and is
vague about the history of abdominal pain and why so much school has
been missed.
38. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
Is there emotional abuse or neglect?
Examination shows that he is on the 50th centile for weight and height.
His mother says she has lost his personal child health record. He is in
school uniform and is clean but his hair is not brushed. He has dental
caries but mother cannot remember when he last saw the dentist. The
boy says that he cleans his teeth twice a day. He has some bruising to
the shins but examination is otherwise normal.
From this description, what are the concerning features? What are the
positive features?
39. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
What else do you need to know?
•Who else is at home – partner, other children, others?
•What other support is available – family, friends?
•Mother’s own health and health of others in the household?
Who else would be helpful to involve in order to address the concerns
raised?
•The main concern is about mother’s flat affect – does she have
significant mental health problems that are impairing her ability to be,
a ‘good enough’ parent?
40. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
This case history demonstrates:
o Concerns about any form of abuse – in this instance possible
emotional abuse and neglect – may arise in a number of settings
o Once possible concerns arise, the clinician needs to know what
to do next. Arranging a meeting for information sharing to obtain
a detailed picture is a helpful first step
o Early intervention and appropriate support to families may
prevent more severe harm.
41. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
Concerning and positive
features relating to the family
Concerning features Positive features
Has missed 20% of school
Very active, risky or inappropriate behavior in clinic
– does he have attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder? Hair is not brushed Has dental caries
Shows good concentration
Is in a school uniform and is clean.
Says that he cleans his teeth twice a day Growth is
satisfactory
Baby
Crying most of the time
Mother Mother
Affect seems very flat
Not intervening to stop inappropriate behavior
Holding her baby at arm’s length and not comforting
her
Cannot remember when her son last saw the dentist
Has lost the personal child health record
Has thought to bring along a bottle of formula for
the baby
Has dressed the 6-year-old in a clean uniform
42. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
Management
For children who are able to talk it is good practice to use a chaperone
and speak to children without parents present. The medical
consultation should be the same as for any medical condition, with a
detailed history and full examination. It is usually most productive
when this is conducted in a sensitive and concerned way without being
accusatory or condemning. Any injuries or medical findings should be
carefully noted, measured, recorded, and drawn on a body map and
photographed (with consent). The height, weight and head
circumference (where appropriate) should be recorded and plotted on
a centile chart. The interaction between the child and parents should
be noted.
43. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
Management
Treatment of specific injuries should be instigated and blood tests and
X-rays undertaken. If abuse is suspected or confirmed, a decision needs
to be made as to whether the child needs immediate protection from
further harm. If this is the case, this may be achieved by
admission to hospital, which also allows investigations and
multidisciplinary assessment. The safety of any other siblings or
children at home must be considered. A strategy meeting and
later a child protection conference may be convened in
accordance with local procedures. Members may include social
workers, health visitors, police, general practitioner, pediatricians,
teachers, and lawyers.
44. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
Possible child abuse
Parents brought their 8-month-old daughter into the children’s
emergency department. They were worried that she had not been
moving her right arm for that day. The family remembered that at the
evening meal two evenings before, her father was bringing dishes for
the family meal to a low corner coffee table in the sitting room. Mother
was sitting with baby on her knee, next to the table, trying to control
the older siblings, when father had accidentally dropped a heavy
serving bowl of food.
45. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
Possible child abuse
Mother automatically reached out to try to catch it,
dropping the baby in doing so and in the confusion, the
serving bowl hit the baby’s arm. The baby cried very loudly
for about 10 minutes or so but then seemed to settle. The
next day she did not use the right arm but the family
thought this was explained by the injury causing a ‘strain’ as
they could not see any bruising on the arm. An X-ray
showed a fracture of the right radius and ulna.
46. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
Possible child abuse
Child protection concerns: Baby under 1-year with fracture; Delayed
presentation.
Positive features: Consistent story; Good parent–child interaction;
Well-nourished, well-cared-for appearance of baby; Skeletal survey
showed no other fractures; Personal child health record showed
regularly weighed, thriving baby up to date with immunizations.
Outcome: Strategy meeting – no additional concerns identified.
Decision – increased health visitor contact and parents received advice
about safety in the home.
47. University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023
Summary
o Child abuse is the responsibility of all doctors, and must not be
avoided or ignored because it raises difficult issues and possible
appearance in Court.
o It takes various forms – physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual
abuse, neglect, fabricated or induced illness.
o The interests of the child should be kept uppermost to ensure
protection from harm.
o In many instances it is uncertain whether or not the problem is one
of child abuse. Good communication with the parents and child is
vital