Child labor in Pakistan is constitutionally declared a crime, yet it continues to rise due to various social, economic, and political factors. The document discusses the impact of child labor on education and children's rights, particularly highlighting the plight of girl children. It emphasizes the need for effective legislation, the role of international conventions, and the challenges posed by weak administrative structures in addressing this pressing issue.

3. IQRA MANZOOR
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4. Abstract
Introduction
Child
labor in
Pakistan
Child
labor as
an issue
form
Girl child
labor
Major
milestones
Child
labor is
on the
rise
causes
Legal
causes
Is Child
labor is
crime
Perspective
The
legal
Regime
Conclusion

5. ABSTRACT
Child labor is a
constitutionally
declared crime
in Pakistan.
Reduce by nexus
between extractive
state institutions and
the exploitative
private sector is
ruptured.
various laws and
constitution child
labor is a heinous
and prohibited
crime.
Child labor impacting
the social, intellectual,
psychological and
moral development of
the child.

6. INTRODUCTION
Article 11 of the
1973 constitution of
Pakistan, the age of
14 is categorized as
child labor.
The various laws and the
constitutional provisions
lend credence to the fact
that it is a crime and
must be eliminated from
society.
The International
Labor organization
defines the Child labor
in terms of its
consequences for the
children.

7. Child labor in Pakistan
The Human rights report
of 2018 sheds light on
children, minorities and
labors.
The situation of children.
The situation of children in
Pakistanis hostile both as
children and as labors.
The closer analysis it
becomes evident that
following is the nature of
child labor in Pakistan.

8. CHILD LABOR AS
AN ISSUE FORM
Child Labor as a
Social Issue
Child Labor as a
Moral Issue
Child Abuse in the
Garb of Child Labor
Child Labor as
Human Right Issue
Child Labor as a
Political Issue

9. • First, child labor deprives
a child from his liberty
• Secondly, child labor
deprives an individual
from freedom of
expression and speech.
• The Convention of Right
of Children, 1989
• child labor deprives an
individual to acquire
education and other
fundamental rights.
Child labor
as human
right issue
• social problem which has
been the byproduct of
various factors
• The menace of child labor
is also a social issue
Child Labor
as a Social
Issue
• Every society maintains
its moral system.
• the child labor has been
countenanced by people.
• First, it is immoral to
expect financial gains
form the child
• Secondly, the age of the
child does not require him
to be engaged in any kind
of labor.
Child Labor
as a Moral
Issue
• worrisome aspect of the child
labor in Pakistan that child is
abused.
• Child abuse during the child
labor can assume various
manifestations
Child abuse in
the grab of
child labor
Child Labor as a
Political Issue
• An inclusive political
dispensation leads to equitable
distribution of wealth.
• an exclusionary politics leads
to inequality in various ways
• There is feudalism in many
rural areas of Pakistan no
opportunities for the children.

10. Girl child labor
The situation of the girl-child
labor is more worrisome
In Pakistan, girl children are
being kept as house-maid
The phenomenon of the girl
child labor cannot be
overlooked in the country.

11. MAJOR
MILESTONES
The constitutional
and political
history of Pakistan
impacted the
legislation to be
made for the
children

12. • The Convention of the
Rights of Children-1989
• The Employment of
Children Act-1991
• The ICT Child Protection
Act-2018
• Legislations at Provincial
Level
MAJOR
MILESTONES

13. The Convention of the Rights of Children-
1989
major milestone
for the
formulation of
various laws
pertaining to
the children.
Pakistan
ratified the
Convention
on the Right
of Children
in 1990.
54 articles
and each
deals with
specific rights
of the
children

14. The
Employment
of Children
Act-1991
Act provides that child labor
in Pakistan is prohibited and
also provides for the
mechanism of penalty
Acts was passed by the
parliament after Pakistan
ratified in 1990
The ICT
Child
Protection
Act-2018
Most important step
parliament of Pakistan
passed the Islamabad
Capital Territory Protection
act
The vulnerable children
could be placed
Legislations
at
Provincial
Level
Punjab took the lead by
instituting the law known as
“Punjab Destitution and Neglect
Children Act 2004.
“Sindh Child Protection Act-
2011
“KPK Welfare and Protection
Act-2010

15. Child Labor is on the Rise
World Economic Forum predicated e
child labor will be surge in the
developing countries like Pakistan.

16. Political
Causes
In Pakistan, political
reforms were never
carried out consistently
there is a link between
extractive state
institutions and the
various social problems
Pakistan has failed to
effect various reforms of
society
The rise of child labor in
the country is as much is
the byproduct of the
governance factors as any
other fact.
Economic
Causes
First, the economic
base of the country is
not that much strong
Secondly, there is
unemployment in the
country.
Thirdly, there are
incomes inequalities.
Social
Causes
First, the general nature
of the social system has
been patriarchal in nature.
child is considered as the
entities which could be
utilized for the purpose of
complementing their
income.
Secondly, there is the lack
of education and the
prevalence of illiteracy in
the country
children are not devoted
to education rather they
are devoted to child labor.
Administrative
Causes
A weak
administrative
structure can result in
various problems for
the state and society
at large.
Various laws have
been formulated in
the country but could
not be implemented
CAUSES

17. Legal Causes
• There was no law to deal with the
child labor in the country.
• The laws in the country cannot
kept pace with the changing
dynamics of the country.
Consequences of the Child
Labor in Pakistan
• The first impact of the children labor is
that is deprives a child from acquiring
education.
• Secondly, the issues of child labor in the
country can result in the persistence of
class and income inequities in the country.
• The issue of child labor also impacts the
human capital of the children.
• the child labor has consequences for the
long terms stability and tranquility of
society.

18. IS CHILD LABOR A CRIME?
To ascertain as to whether
child labor constitute criminal
offence can be analyzed on the
touchstone of following
factors.

19. A Legal
Perspective
• child labor constitutes a crime.
• First, there is the concept of
“Parens Patriae”
• Secondly, the constitution of
Pakistan clearly stipulates
The Views of
the
International
Labor
Organization
(ILO)
• The role of ILO was instrumental in the
formation of the rights of child labor.
• According to the views of the ILO,
Child labor is crime as it comes at the
cost of impacting the emotional,
psychological and intellectual
development of the children.
A Social
Perspective
• This social
perspective the
phenomenon of
child labor is a
crime and need to
be stopped.
PERSPECTIVE

20. THE LEGAL REGIME
The administrative structure
had to be made more vigilant
to put into effect the laws in
its entirety.
The legal guidelines which
exist best in books cannot
be deemed effective.

22. Point of view
• Child labor is widely distributed around
the world and Pakistan is no exception.
For centuries, families in Pakistan have
relied on their children to help out with
family businesses, from working in
mines and factories to manual labor and
domestic work. For many of these
families, involvement in these activities
is a means of survival and a way for them
to provide for their families and
communities. In Pakistan, the scope of
child labor has only grown, as poverty
and a lack of educational opportunities
have forced more children into the
workforce.