chest_trauma ATLS..ppt
•Download as PPT, PDF•
0 likes•3 views
Chest trauma can be life-threatening and accounts for 25% of all trauma deaths. It includes injuries from blunt forces like rib fractures or penetrating injuries from stab wounds. Without treatment, injuries can lead to hypoxia and hypotension from issues like pneumothorax, hemothorax, or flail chest. Proper management requires following ABC (airway, breathing, circulation) to ensure oxygen delivery and addressing specific injuries like tension pneumothorax through needle decompression or chest tube insertion.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Chest Trauma
Chest trauma accounts for 25% of all trauma deaths and can have serious pathological consequences if not treated promptly. The most common types of chest trauma are blunt injuries such as rib fractures and penetrating injuries such as stab wounds. Proper diagnosis and treatment of injuries is important to stabilize the patient and prevent complications such as tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, and aortic rupture which can quickly lead to death if not addressed.
Chest trauma
Rib fractures are the most common thoracic injury from chest trauma. Chest trauma can cause serious injuries like pneumothorax, haemothorax, or flail chest which requires prompt treatment to stabilize breathing and circulation. Medical professionals must carefully assess and monitor patients for changing conditions, as chest trauma can quickly lead to hypoxia, hypotension, and death if the airway, breathing, or circulation are compromised.
Traumatismos torcicos-versin-final2575
The document discusses chest trauma, including causes, classifications, clinical presentation, complications, diagnosis, and management. It notes that chest trauma is often associated with polytrauma and can cause lethal complications like airway obstruction, tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, or massive hemothorax. The initial management focuses on the ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation) of trauma and controlling life-threatening injuries in the "golden hour" after the event.
Traumatismos ToràCicos VersiòN Final
The document discusses chest trauma, including causes, classifications, clinical presentation, complications, diagnosis, and management. It notes that chest trauma is often associated with polytrauma and can cause lethal complications like airway obstruction, tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, or massive hemothorax. The initial management focuses on the ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation) of trauma and controlling life-threatening injuries in the "golden hour" after the event.
Chest trauma nur 415-fall 2009
Chest trauma accounts for 25% of all trauma deaths and 2/3 of deaths occur after reaching the hospital. It is associated with serious pathological consequences such as hypoxia, hypovolemia, and myocardial failure. The most common chest injuries from blunt trauma are rib fractures, which can indicate serious underlying injuries. Pneumothorax, hemothorax, and flail chest are also common injuries and can be life-threatening if not promptly diagnosed and treated. Tension pneumothorax in particular is a surgical emergency that requires decompression to prevent hemodynamic collapse.
Chest trauma
Chest trauma can cause injuries to the chest wall, heart, lungs and blood vessels in the chest. Common injuries include rib fractures, flail chest, pneumothorax, hemothorax and cardiac tamponade. Initial management involves stabilizing the patient, assessing for life-threatening injuries like tension pneumothorax, and treating hypoxia and hypotension. Further management may include chest tube insertion, thoracotomy or other surgeries depending on the specific injuries present. Complications can include respiratory failure, pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Proper evaluation, timely intervention and supportive care are needed to optimize outcomes from chest trauma.
CHEST TRAUMA
Chest injuries are common and can be life-threatening. The document discusses various types of chest injuries including blunt trauma, penetrating trauma, and compression injuries. It covers anatomy of the chest, definitions, causes, symptoms, management, and potential complications of specific injuries like pneumothorax, hemothorax, flail chest, and cardiac tamponade. Immediate life-threatening injuries require stabilization of the airway, breathing, and circulation before further treatment.
Thoracic Trauma
This document summarizes various types of thoracic trauma, including mechanisms of injury, anatomical injuries, pathophysiology, assessment findings, and management strategies. Some key injuries discussed include rib fractures, flail chest, pneumothorax, hemothorax, pulmonary contusion, myocardial contusion, pericardial tamponade, aortic dissection/rupture, and traumatic asphyxia.
Recommended
Chest Trauma
Chest trauma accounts for 25% of all trauma deaths and can have serious pathological consequences if not treated promptly. The most common types of chest trauma are blunt injuries such as rib fractures and penetrating injuries such as stab wounds. Proper diagnosis and treatment of injuries is important to stabilize the patient and prevent complications such as tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, and aortic rupture which can quickly lead to death if not addressed.
Chest trauma
Rib fractures are the most common thoracic injury from chest trauma. Chest trauma can cause serious injuries like pneumothorax, haemothorax, or flail chest which requires prompt treatment to stabilize breathing and circulation. Medical professionals must carefully assess and monitor patients for changing conditions, as chest trauma can quickly lead to hypoxia, hypotension, and death if the airway, breathing, or circulation are compromised.
Traumatismos torcicos-versin-final2575
The document discusses chest trauma, including causes, classifications, clinical presentation, complications, diagnosis, and management. It notes that chest trauma is often associated with polytrauma and can cause lethal complications like airway obstruction, tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, or massive hemothorax. The initial management focuses on the ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation) of trauma and controlling life-threatening injuries in the "golden hour" after the event.
Traumatismos ToràCicos VersiòN Final
The document discusses chest trauma, including causes, classifications, clinical presentation, complications, diagnosis, and management. It notes that chest trauma is often associated with polytrauma and can cause lethal complications like airway obstruction, tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, or massive hemothorax. The initial management focuses on the ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation) of trauma and controlling life-threatening injuries in the "golden hour" after the event.
Chest trauma nur 415-fall 2009
Chest trauma accounts for 25% of all trauma deaths and 2/3 of deaths occur after reaching the hospital. It is associated with serious pathological consequences such as hypoxia, hypovolemia, and myocardial failure. The most common chest injuries from blunt trauma are rib fractures, which can indicate serious underlying injuries. Pneumothorax, hemothorax, and flail chest are also common injuries and can be life-threatening if not promptly diagnosed and treated. Tension pneumothorax in particular is a surgical emergency that requires decompression to prevent hemodynamic collapse.
Chest trauma
Chest trauma can cause injuries to the chest wall, heart, lungs and blood vessels in the chest. Common injuries include rib fractures, flail chest, pneumothorax, hemothorax and cardiac tamponade. Initial management involves stabilizing the patient, assessing for life-threatening injuries like tension pneumothorax, and treating hypoxia and hypotension. Further management may include chest tube insertion, thoracotomy or other surgeries depending on the specific injuries present. Complications can include respiratory failure, pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Proper evaluation, timely intervention and supportive care are needed to optimize outcomes from chest trauma.
CHEST TRAUMA
Chest injuries are common and can be life-threatening. The document discusses various types of chest injuries including blunt trauma, penetrating trauma, and compression injuries. It covers anatomy of the chest, definitions, causes, symptoms, management, and potential complications of specific injuries like pneumothorax, hemothorax, flail chest, and cardiac tamponade. Immediate life-threatening injuries require stabilization of the airway, breathing, and circulation before further treatment.
Thoracic Trauma
This document summarizes various types of thoracic trauma, including mechanisms of injury, anatomical injuries, pathophysiology, assessment findings, and management strategies. Some key injuries discussed include rib fractures, flail chest, pneumothorax, hemothorax, pulmonary contusion, myocardial contusion, pericardial tamponade, aortic dissection/rupture, and traumatic asphyxia.
Chest trauma
Chest injuries are a leading cause of trauma deaths. Immediate life-threatening chest injuries include airway obstruction, tension pneumothorax, open pneumothorax, massive hemothorax, flail chest, and cardiac tamponade. These injuries can cause death within seconds if not recognized and treated promptly. Potentially life-threatening injuries include cardiac contusion, aortic disruption, diaphragmatic rupture, esophageal injury, pulmonary contusion, and tracheobronchial injuries. Prompt assessment and management following ATLS guidelines is essential to stabilize vital functions and prevent complications such as respiratory failure, shock, and death from chest injuries.
Emt thoracic trauma
Chest trauma is the second leading cause of trauma deaths after head injuries. Common chest injuries include rib fractures, pneumothoraces, hemothoraces, flail chest, and cardiac injuries. Signs and symptoms depend on the specific injury but may include pain, difficulty breathing, decreased breath sounds, subcutaneous emphysema, hypotension, and cardiac issues like arrhythmias. Management involves securing the airway, providing oxygen, assisting ventilation if needed, and rapid transport to definitive care. Suspicion of more serious injuries like tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, or aortic injury warrant prompt treatment and transport.
Chest trauma by dr.damodhar.m.v
This document discusses various types of chest trauma, including pneumothorax, hemothorax, flail chest, diaphragmatic injury, aortic tear, esophageal rupture, pulmonary contusion, and cardiac tamponade. It provides details on the procedures used to treat chest trauma, such as intercostal drains and tracheostomy. Chest trauma can be caused by blunt or penetrating mechanisms and accounts for 20-25% of trauma deaths. Clinical features, investigations, and management are described for each type of chest injury.
Chest injuries.ppt
This document provides information on assessing and managing chest trauma. It discusses inspecting, palpating and auscultating the chest to evaluate respiratory status. Tension pneumothorax is described as a life-threatening condition requiring immediate needle decompression. Chest trauma management focuses on treating respiratory distress from rib fractures, pneumothorax and pulmonary contusion, as well as hemorrhagic shock. Special considerations for open pneumothorax and pregnancy are also covered.
Chest trauma
This document provides an overview of chest trauma, including the leading causes, types of injuries, clinical presentation, investigations, and management strategies. It discusses specific injuries such as pneumothorax, hemothorax, flail chest, cardiac tamponade, and aortic rupture. The summary emphasizes that chest trauma is a leading cause of trauma deaths, often involves multiple injuries, and requires rapid diagnosis and treatment of life-threatening conditions like tension pneumothorax to prevent death.
Chest trauma
Chest injuries account for 25% of severe injuries and are usually caused by road traffic accidents. The primary survey focuses on the airway, breathing, circulation, disability and exposure to identify and treat immediate life threats like tension pneumothorax. Secondary survey involves a full history, examination and investigations like CXR and CT scan to evaluate injuries. Most chest injuries are managed conservatively but conditions like massive hemothorax or cardiac tamponade may require chest tube insertion or thoracotomy.
Thoracic trauma
Trauma is a leading cause of death and disability. Chest injuries from blunt or penetrating trauma can cause life-threatening conditions like tension pneumothorax, massive hemothorax, and pericardial tamponade if not recognized and treated promptly. The primary survey focuses on identifying and correcting issues like airway obstruction, hypoxemia, and hypovolemia. Chest x-rays and further tests in secondary survey can identify additional injuries like simple pneumothorax, pulmonary contusion, and cardiac injuries that require specific management. Proper evaluation and treatment of chest trauma aims to prevent complications and reduce mortality from uncontrolled hemorrhage, hypoxia, or delayed interventions.
Thoracic trauma
Thoracic trauma can result from blunt or penetrating injuries and often involves rib fractures, pneumothorax, hemothorax, or injuries to the heart or lungs. Assessment focuses on life-threatening injuries like tension pneumothorax, massive hemothorax, or pericardial tamponade. Management priorities are airway control, oxygen therapy, needle decompression for tension pneumothorax, chest tube insertion for pneumothorax or hemothorax, and rapid transport to a trauma center.
Thoracic trauma presentation
Thoracic trauma accounts for 25% of all injury-related deaths and is a contributory factor in 50% more deaths. While most thoracic injuries can be treated without surgery, it is important to recognize life-threatening injuries like tension pneumothorax, massive hemothorax, and cardiac tamponade during the initial assessment. Adjuncts like chest x-rays, ultrasound, and tube thoracostomy can help identify injuries, while interventions like needle decompression and tube insertion treat immediate life threats. A full secondary survey evaluates injuries like rib fractures, lung contusions, and injuries to the heart and great vessels that require monitoring or further investigation.
Chest trauma m ibrahim copy
This document provides information on key topics in the management of chest trauma:
- Tension pneumothorax is a medical emergency diagnosed clinically and treated with needle or tube thoracostomy without delay.
- Hemothorax over 1.5L or drainage over 200mL/hr requires tube thoracostomy or thoracotomy for repair of bleeding.
- Flail chest is treated with oxygenation, fluid restriction, and analgesia to improve ventilation.
- Blunt cardiac injury can cause hypotension and dysrhythmias diagnosed by echocardiogram or troponin levels.
Chest trauma m ibrahim copy
This document provides information on key topics in the management of chest trauma:
- Tension pneumothorax is a medical emergency diagnosed clinically and treated with needle or tube thoracostomy without delay.
- Hemothorax over 1.5L or drainage over 200mL/hr requires tube thoracostomy or thoracotomy. Cardiac tamponade is diagnosed clinically and with ultrasound.
- Pulmonary contusions are managed with oxygenation, fluids restriction, and analgesia. Blunt cardiac injuries may cause hypotension or arrhythmias.
thoracic injury ayele.pptx
The document discusses various types of thoracic trauma including blunt and penetrating injuries. Immediately life-threatening injuries include tension pneumothorax, massive hemothorax, and flail chest. Rib fractures are common and can range from single fractures to multiple fractures leading to flail chest. Pneumothorax, hemothorax, and tension pneumothorax are discussed in detail. Tension pneumothorax requires urgent needle decompression followed by chest tube placement. Massive hemothorax may require urgent thoracotomy for bleeding control. Clinical assessment focuses on signs of respiratory distress and shock from impaired ventilation or blood loss into the chest cavity.
Trauma Thoraks.ppt
This document discusses various types of chest trauma, including penetrating and blunt injuries. It covers mechanisms of injury, specific injuries like rib fractures, pneumothorax, hemothorax, flail chest, and cardiac injuries. Management of life-threatening injuries like tension pneumothorax, pericardial tamponade, and tracheal disruptions are outlined. Imaging findings and treatments for many chest trauma injuries are also presented.
M1_Kamis_Thoracic Trauma_File EMAS.pptx
This document provides an overview of thoracic trauma anatomy, physiology, and management. It describes the structures of the mediastinum and vasculature. Common thoracic injuries are classified and their pathophysiology, signs, and treatment are outlined. These include pneumothorax, hemothorax, flail chest, and cardiac tamponade. The primary and secondary surveys for evaluating thoracic trauma are reviewed, including inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation of the chest.
CHEST INJURY
This document provides an overview of chest trauma. It begins with the anatomy of the thorax and then discusses various types of chest injuries including pneumothorax, hemothorax, flail chest, cardiac tamponade, and traumatic aortic rupture. For each type of injury, the document describes the mechanism of injury, signs and symptoms, and treatment approaches. It emphasizes the life-threatening nature of many chest injuries and stresses the importance of rapid diagnosis and management.
SCHOOL OF MEDICINE NOTES: PENETRATING CHEST INJURIES
This document discusses the management of various chest injuries including hemothorax, pneumothorax, injuries to blood vessels, heart, lungs, esophagus, chest wall and diaphragm. Key points include: indications for thoracotomy include significant hemorrhage or certain imaging findings; endovascular stenting is the mainstay treatment for aortic injuries; penetrating cardiac injuries are usually repaired operatively while blunt injuries are monitored; tracheobronchial injuries are repaired by debridement and anastomosis when possible; chest wall injuries are usually treated non-operatively. Life-threatening injuries like tension pneumothorax, massive hemothorax and cardiac tamponade require immediate needle decompression,
Chest injury and nursing care
This document discusses chest injuries, including definitions, causes, pathophysiology, types, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, nursing care, and prevention. The main types of chest injuries covered are blunt trauma, penetrating trauma, hemothorax, flail chest, pulmonary contusion, rib fractures, and cardiac tamponade. The pathophysiology of chest injuries can involve hypoxemia, hypovolemia, and cardiac failure due to effects on ventilation, perfusion, and the development of respiratory failure and shock. Management involves treatment of specific injuries like chest tube insertion for hemothorax or pericardiocentesis for tamponade. Nursing care focuses on monitoring, administering treatments, preventing infection, and
CHEST TRAUMA and Thoracic outlet syndrome- AMRAN UN.pptx
Places finger on xiphoid to feel for
cardiac pulsations
Pericardiocentesis: Insert needle until pulsations
are no longer felt. Aspirate fluid.
Monitor for reaccumulation and consider
pericardial window if recurrent.
Pericardiocentesis under ultrasound guidance
Cardiac tamponade
Pericardial window:
- Left anterolateral thoracotomy through 5th
ICS
- Pericardium incised in a "C" shape from the
phrenic nerve laterally to the mediastinum
- Allows drainage of fluid and prevents
reaccumulation
- Considered definitive treatment for recurrent
Emergency anaesthetic management of extensive thoracic trauma
A document on thoracic trauma outlines several types of injuries that can occur from blunt or penetrating chest trauma, including injuries to the chest wall, pleural space, lungs, heart, great vessels, tracheobronchial tree, esophagus, and diaphragm. It emphasizes the importance of establishing airway and ventilation, maintaining circulation and treating life-threatening injuries like tension pneumothorax through needle decompression or immediate surgery. Resuscitation of patients with severe thoracic trauma requires addressing airway, breathing, circulation and neurological status before diagnostic evaluation and priority surgical interventions.
chest & cardiac trauma@New.ppt
This document provides an overview of thoracic injuries, including classification, pathophysiology, specific injuries, incidence, diagnosis, and management. The objectives are to identify and treat life-threatening injuries during initial and secondary surveys. The "fatal 14" thoracic injuries are discussed, with the "lethal six" requiring treatment in the primary survey. These include airway obstruction, tension pneumothorax, open pneumothorax, flail chest, pulmonary contusion, and cardiac tamponade. Classification, mechanisms of injury, and pathophysiology are also summarized. Specific injuries such as pneumothorax, flail chest, and pulmonary contusion are described.
2- Hypovollemic Shock In Trauma.pptx
This document discusses shock in trauma and provides an overview of key topics including:
- The pathophysiology of shock involves inadequate oxygen delivery leading to cellular dysfunction.
- Hypovolemic shock from blood or fluid loss is a leading cause and requires rapid fluid resuscitation.
- A thorough physical exam and diagnostic tests are needed to identify the source of bleeding.
- Early intervention and resuscitation are important to reverse the effects of shock and reduce mortality.
9- BASICS OF ORTHOPEDIC RADIOLOGY.ppt
This document provides an overview of evaluating orthopedic x-rays using the ABCs approach - Assessing Adequacy, Alignment, Bones, Cartilage, and Soft Tissues. It describes examining x-rays for the appropriate number of views and penetration, alignment of bones, any fractures or distortions of bones, widening of joint spaces, and soft tissue swelling. Examples are given of using this approach to identify fractures. Key terms for describing fractures such as open vs closed, location, fracture line, and relationship of fragments are also defined.
More Related Content
Similar to chest_trauma ATLS..ppt
Chest trauma
Chest injuries are a leading cause of trauma deaths. Immediate life-threatening chest injuries include airway obstruction, tension pneumothorax, open pneumothorax, massive hemothorax, flail chest, and cardiac tamponade. These injuries can cause death within seconds if not recognized and treated promptly. Potentially life-threatening injuries include cardiac contusion, aortic disruption, diaphragmatic rupture, esophageal injury, pulmonary contusion, and tracheobronchial injuries. Prompt assessment and management following ATLS guidelines is essential to stabilize vital functions and prevent complications such as respiratory failure, shock, and death from chest injuries.
Emt thoracic trauma
Chest trauma is the second leading cause of trauma deaths after head injuries. Common chest injuries include rib fractures, pneumothoraces, hemothoraces, flail chest, and cardiac injuries. Signs and symptoms depend on the specific injury but may include pain, difficulty breathing, decreased breath sounds, subcutaneous emphysema, hypotension, and cardiac issues like arrhythmias. Management involves securing the airway, providing oxygen, assisting ventilation if needed, and rapid transport to definitive care. Suspicion of more serious injuries like tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, or aortic injury warrant prompt treatment and transport.
Chest trauma by dr.damodhar.m.v
This document discusses various types of chest trauma, including pneumothorax, hemothorax, flail chest, diaphragmatic injury, aortic tear, esophageal rupture, pulmonary contusion, and cardiac tamponade. It provides details on the procedures used to treat chest trauma, such as intercostal drains and tracheostomy. Chest trauma can be caused by blunt or penetrating mechanisms and accounts for 20-25% of trauma deaths. Clinical features, investigations, and management are described for each type of chest injury.
Chest injuries.ppt
This document provides information on assessing and managing chest trauma. It discusses inspecting, palpating and auscultating the chest to evaluate respiratory status. Tension pneumothorax is described as a life-threatening condition requiring immediate needle decompression. Chest trauma management focuses on treating respiratory distress from rib fractures, pneumothorax and pulmonary contusion, as well as hemorrhagic shock. Special considerations for open pneumothorax and pregnancy are also covered.
Chest trauma
This document provides an overview of chest trauma, including the leading causes, types of injuries, clinical presentation, investigations, and management strategies. It discusses specific injuries such as pneumothorax, hemothorax, flail chest, cardiac tamponade, and aortic rupture. The summary emphasizes that chest trauma is a leading cause of trauma deaths, often involves multiple injuries, and requires rapid diagnosis and treatment of life-threatening conditions like tension pneumothorax to prevent death.
Chest trauma
Chest injuries account for 25% of severe injuries and are usually caused by road traffic accidents. The primary survey focuses on the airway, breathing, circulation, disability and exposure to identify and treat immediate life threats like tension pneumothorax. Secondary survey involves a full history, examination and investigations like CXR and CT scan to evaluate injuries. Most chest injuries are managed conservatively but conditions like massive hemothorax or cardiac tamponade may require chest tube insertion or thoracotomy.
Thoracic trauma
Trauma is a leading cause of death and disability. Chest injuries from blunt or penetrating trauma can cause life-threatening conditions like tension pneumothorax, massive hemothorax, and pericardial tamponade if not recognized and treated promptly. The primary survey focuses on identifying and correcting issues like airway obstruction, hypoxemia, and hypovolemia. Chest x-rays and further tests in secondary survey can identify additional injuries like simple pneumothorax, pulmonary contusion, and cardiac injuries that require specific management. Proper evaluation and treatment of chest trauma aims to prevent complications and reduce mortality from uncontrolled hemorrhage, hypoxia, or delayed interventions.
Thoracic trauma
Thoracic trauma can result from blunt or penetrating injuries and often involves rib fractures, pneumothorax, hemothorax, or injuries to the heart or lungs. Assessment focuses on life-threatening injuries like tension pneumothorax, massive hemothorax, or pericardial tamponade. Management priorities are airway control, oxygen therapy, needle decompression for tension pneumothorax, chest tube insertion for pneumothorax or hemothorax, and rapid transport to a trauma center.
Thoracic trauma presentation
Thoracic trauma accounts for 25% of all injury-related deaths and is a contributory factor in 50% more deaths. While most thoracic injuries can be treated without surgery, it is important to recognize life-threatening injuries like tension pneumothorax, massive hemothorax, and cardiac tamponade during the initial assessment. Adjuncts like chest x-rays, ultrasound, and tube thoracostomy can help identify injuries, while interventions like needle decompression and tube insertion treat immediate life threats. A full secondary survey evaluates injuries like rib fractures, lung contusions, and injuries to the heart and great vessels that require monitoring or further investigation.
Chest trauma m ibrahim copy
This document provides information on key topics in the management of chest trauma:
- Tension pneumothorax is a medical emergency diagnosed clinically and treated with needle or tube thoracostomy without delay.
- Hemothorax over 1.5L or drainage over 200mL/hr requires tube thoracostomy or thoracotomy for repair of bleeding.
- Flail chest is treated with oxygenation, fluid restriction, and analgesia to improve ventilation.
- Blunt cardiac injury can cause hypotension and dysrhythmias diagnosed by echocardiogram or troponin levels.
Chest trauma m ibrahim copy
This document provides information on key topics in the management of chest trauma:
- Tension pneumothorax is a medical emergency diagnosed clinically and treated with needle or tube thoracostomy without delay.
- Hemothorax over 1.5L or drainage over 200mL/hr requires tube thoracostomy or thoracotomy. Cardiac tamponade is diagnosed clinically and with ultrasound.
- Pulmonary contusions are managed with oxygenation, fluids restriction, and analgesia. Blunt cardiac injuries may cause hypotension or arrhythmias.
thoracic injury ayele.pptx
The document discusses various types of thoracic trauma including blunt and penetrating injuries. Immediately life-threatening injuries include tension pneumothorax, massive hemothorax, and flail chest. Rib fractures are common and can range from single fractures to multiple fractures leading to flail chest. Pneumothorax, hemothorax, and tension pneumothorax are discussed in detail. Tension pneumothorax requires urgent needle decompression followed by chest tube placement. Massive hemothorax may require urgent thoracotomy for bleeding control. Clinical assessment focuses on signs of respiratory distress and shock from impaired ventilation or blood loss into the chest cavity.
Trauma Thoraks.ppt
This document discusses various types of chest trauma, including penetrating and blunt injuries. It covers mechanisms of injury, specific injuries like rib fractures, pneumothorax, hemothorax, flail chest, and cardiac injuries. Management of life-threatening injuries like tension pneumothorax, pericardial tamponade, and tracheal disruptions are outlined. Imaging findings and treatments for many chest trauma injuries are also presented.
M1_Kamis_Thoracic Trauma_File EMAS.pptx
This document provides an overview of thoracic trauma anatomy, physiology, and management. It describes the structures of the mediastinum and vasculature. Common thoracic injuries are classified and their pathophysiology, signs, and treatment are outlined. These include pneumothorax, hemothorax, flail chest, and cardiac tamponade. The primary and secondary surveys for evaluating thoracic trauma are reviewed, including inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation of the chest.
CHEST INJURY
This document provides an overview of chest trauma. It begins with the anatomy of the thorax and then discusses various types of chest injuries including pneumothorax, hemothorax, flail chest, cardiac tamponade, and traumatic aortic rupture. For each type of injury, the document describes the mechanism of injury, signs and symptoms, and treatment approaches. It emphasizes the life-threatening nature of many chest injuries and stresses the importance of rapid diagnosis and management.
SCHOOL OF MEDICINE NOTES: PENETRATING CHEST INJURIES
This document discusses the management of various chest injuries including hemothorax, pneumothorax, injuries to blood vessels, heart, lungs, esophagus, chest wall and diaphragm. Key points include: indications for thoracotomy include significant hemorrhage or certain imaging findings; endovascular stenting is the mainstay treatment for aortic injuries; penetrating cardiac injuries are usually repaired operatively while blunt injuries are monitored; tracheobronchial injuries are repaired by debridement and anastomosis when possible; chest wall injuries are usually treated non-operatively. Life-threatening injuries like tension pneumothorax, massive hemothorax and cardiac tamponade require immediate needle decompression,
Chest injury and nursing care
This document discusses chest injuries, including definitions, causes, pathophysiology, types, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, nursing care, and prevention. The main types of chest injuries covered are blunt trauma, penetrating trauma, hemothorax, flail chest, pulmonary contusion, rib fractures, and cardiac tamponade. The pathophysiology of chest injuries can involve hypoxemia, hypovolemia, and cardiac failure due to effects on ventilation, perfusion, and the development of respiratory failure and shock. Management involves treatment of specific injuries like chest tube insertion for hemothorax or pericardiocentesis for tamponade. Nursing care focuses on monitoring, administering treatments, preventing infection, and
CHEST TRAUMA and Thoracic outlet syndrome- AMRAN UN.pptx
Places finger on xiphoid to feel for
cardiac pulsations
Pericardiocentesis: Insert needle until pulsations
are no longer felt. Aspirate fluid.
Monitor for reaccumulation and consider
pericardial window if recurrent.
Pericardiocentesis under ultrasound guidance
Cardiac tamponade
Pericardial window:
- Left anterolateral thoracotomy through 5th
ICS
- Pericardium incised in a "C" shape from the
phrenic nerve laterally to the mediastinum
- Allows drainage of fluid and prevents
reaccumulation
- Considered definitive treatment for recurrent
Emergency anaesthetic management of extensive thoracic trauma
A document on thoracic trauma outlines several types of injuries that can occur from blunt or penetrating chest trauma, including injuries to the chest wall, pleural space, lungs, heart, great vessels, tracheobronchial tree, esophagus, and diaphragm. It emphasizes the importance of establishing airway and ventilation, maintaining circulation and treating life-threatening injuries like tension pneumothorax through needle decompression or immediate surgery. Resuscitation of patients with severe thoracic trauma requires addressing airway, breathing, circulation and neurological status before diagnostic evaluation and priority surgical interventions.
chest & cardiac trauma@New.ppt
This document provides an overview of thoracic injuries, including classification, pathophysiology, specific injuries, incidence, diagnosis, and management. The objectives are to identify and treat life-threatening injuries during initial and secondary surveys. The "fatal 14" thoracic injuries are discussed, with the "lethal six" requiring treatment in the primary survey. These include airway obstruction, tension pneumothorax, open pneumothorax, flail chest, pulmonary contusion, and cardiac tamponade. Classification, mechanisms of injury, and pathophysiology are also summarized. Specific injuries such as pneumothorax, flail chest, and pulmonary contusion are described.
Similar to chest_trauma ATLS..ppt (20)
SCHOOL OF MEDICINE NOTES: PENETRATING CHEST INJURIES
SCHOOL OF MEDICINE NOTES: PENETRATING CHEST INJURIES
CHEST TRAUMA and Thoracic outlet syndrome- AMRAN UN.pptx
CHEST TRAUMA and Thoracic outlet syndrome- AMRAN UN.pptx
Emergency anaesthetic management of extensive thoracic trauma
Emergency anaesthetic management of extensive thoracic trauma
More from Asgraf
2- Hypovollemic Shock In Trauma.pptx
This document discusses shock in trauma and provides an overview of key topics including:
- The pathophysiology of shock involves inadequate oxygen delivery leading to cellular dysfunction.
- Hypovolemic shock from blood or fluid loss is a leading cause and requires rapid fluid resuscitation.
- A thorough physical exam and diagnostic tests are needed to identify the source of bleeding.
- Early intervention and resuscitation are important to reverse the effects of shock and reduce mortality.
9- BASICS OF ORTHOPEDIC RADIOLOGY.ppt
This document provides an overview of evaluating orthopedic x-rays using the ABCs approach - Assessing Adequacy, Alignment, Bones, Cartilage, and Soft Tissues. It describes examining x-rays for the appropriate number of views and penetration, alignment of bones, any fractures or distortions of bones, widening of joint spaces, and soft tissue swelling. Examples are given of using this approach to identify fractures. Key terms for describing fractures such as open vs closed, location, fracture line, and relationship of fragments are also defined.
8- My Trauma in Pregnancy.ppt
1) Trauma is a leading cause of non-obstetric mortality in pregnant patients. Common causes include motor vehicle accidents, domestic violence, falls, and penetrating injuries.
2) Pregnant patients experience many physiological changes including increased blood volume, cardiac output, and respiration that must be considered in their trauma management. Anatomical changes like uterine size and position can also impact injuries.
3) Diagnostic studies like ultrasound and CT scans are important for evaluation while minimizing radiation exposure to the fetus. Continuous fetal heart monitoring can identify non-reassuring signs. Surgical interventions may be needed for unstable mothers or fetuses.
1- Management of poly-trauma patient.pptx
A 28-year-old male was brought to the emergency room after a motor vehicle accident. He complained of chest pain, a forehead wound, and right forearm pain. Examination found he was conscious with stable vital signs. Chest x-ray revealed an abnormal aortic knob and widened mediastinum. CT angiogram confirmed a traumatic aortic tear. Despite treatment, his condition deteriorated with low blood pressure and increased pain. Aortography then definitively diagnosed aortic rupture, which requires urgent surgical repair for survival.
1- Initial Assessment and Management of the Trauma Patient.pptx
The document provides an overview of the initial assessment and management of trauma patients, covering the primary and secondary surveys with a focus on evaluating airway, breathing, circulation, disability, and exposure/environment, as well as discussing specific injuries and treatments for conditions like tension pneumothorax, hemorrhagic shock, and cardiac tamponade.
Glasco Coma Scale.ppt
The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was developed to assess neurological function and brain injury severity. It evaluates eye opening, verbal response, and motor response on a scale of 3 to 15, with lower scores indicating more severe brain injury. The GCS is useful for prognosis, monitoring changes, and assessing the need for airway support. A modified Children's Coma Scale was also developed for those too young to communicate verbally.
12-Trauma Procedures.ppt
This document provides guidance on trauma procedures for a patient presenting with a stab wound and signs of alcohol intoxication. It outlines steps for securing the airway with endotracheal intubation or cricothyroidotomy if needed. It also describes performing a tube thoracostomy for a hemopneumothorax, obtaining central venous access, arterial blood gas sampling, and placing a nasogastric tube. Key steps and considerations are outlined for each procedure along with potential complications. The document emphasizes the importance of practice to gain skill in lifesaving surgical procedures.
chest truma Kamal.ppt
1) Chest trauma is predominantly caused by motor vehicle accidents and falls. The most common injuries are chest wall trauma and hemothorax.
2) Early deaths from chest trauma are often caused by airway obstruction, tension pneumothorax, massive hemothorax, or cardiac tamponade.
3) Initial assessment focuses on the ABCs with stabilization of life-threatening injuries like tension pneumothorax the top priority. Secondary surveys then identify and treat other injuries like simple pneumothorax, pulmonary contusion, and blunt cardiac injury.
Paediatric Trauma.ppt
The document discusses the initial assessment and management of pediatric trauma. It notes that while ABCDE priorities are the same as adults, children have unique anatomic and physiologic characteristics that require consideration, such as a larger head, softer bones, and narrower airway. It emphasizes the importance of recognizing potential abuse injuries and preventing injuries through strategies like bicycle helmet promotion.
6- Abdominal Trauma and FAST Scan.pptx
FAST (Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma) is an ultrasound technique used to quickly detect the presence of free fluid in the abdomen or chest resulting from trauma. It can visualize fluid in seven dependent areas of the abdomen and the pericardial sac. FAST has sensitivity of 88-91.7% and specificity of 94.7-99% for detecting fluid. A positive FAST means fluid is detected in one of the areas scanned, while a negative FAST means no fluid is seen. FAST provides a rapid initial assessment and can help guide trauma management, but CT is more sensitive for characterizing injuries. Limitations include difficulty with obese patients, bowel gas, or retroperitoneal injuries.
9- MusculoskeletalOrthopedic Emergencies.ppt
The document provides an overview of the approach to musculoskeletal injuries in the emergency department. It discusses that musculoskeletal problems comprise approximately 11% of emergency department visits. The physician needs a systematic approach to orthopedic complaints that can range from minor sprains to life-threatening trauma. Commonly seen injuries include soft tissue injuries, fractures, dislocations, and infections. Less common but important injuries include spinal injuries, crush injuries, and compartment syndrome. The document then discusses fractures, pelvic fractures, long bone fractures, open fractures, deep venous thrombosis, crush injuries, compartment syndrome, and spinal injuries. It emphasizes the importance of thorough evaluation, splinting, consultation, and managing complications for these types of musculoskeletal emergencies.
pinal cord injury.ppt
Spinal cord injuries are commonly caused by motor vehicle accidents, falls, and sports. The cervical spine is most commonly injured, especially between C5-C6. Plain films and advanced imaging can help evaluate injuries. Flexion injuries risk paralysis and require stabilization to prevent further injury. Compression fractures are generally stable with rest, while burst fractures may require surgery if unstable.
acut_coronary_syndrome.ppt
This document discusses the medical management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). It notes that over 4 million patients are admitted each year with unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction, and over 900,000 undergo percutaneous coronary intervention. ACS refers to a spectrum of conditions ranging from unstable angina to Q-wave and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction that are characterized by a disrupted atherosclerotic plaque. For treatment of unstable angina, the document recommends anticoagulant therapy with heparin or low-molecular weight heparin to reduce risks of myocardial infarction and death.
acs.ppt
This document discusses acute coronary syndrome (ACS), including unstable angina (UA), non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). It defines ACS and describes how the conditions are classified based on ECG and cardiac enzyme levels. It also discusses risk stratification in NSTEMI and typical management approaches for NSTEMI, UA, and STEMI. The document concludes with a case study describing a patient presenting with chest pain.
ACS Lecture.ppt
This document provides an overview of coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and related cardiac pharmacology. It discusses the etiology and risk factors of coronary artery disease, describes different types of angina pectoris, and outlines goals and medications for treating angina. It also covers atherosclerosis, statins, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, digoxin, and other cardiac medications. The document defines myocardial infarction and discusses gender differences, EKG changes, types, risks, effects, complications, diagnosis, and goals of treatment for MI.
141584757-Burns-Presentation.pptx
The document provides an overview of burns, including epidemiology, classification, severity, treatment and complications. It notes that around 500,000 people in the US are treated annually for burns, which can be caused by heat, fires, scalding or chemicals. Burn extent is determined using the Rule of 9s or Lund & Browder chart and severity is classified from first to fourth degree burns based on depth of tissue damage. Treatment depends on severity but may include fluid resuscitation, wound care, surgery and infection prevention. Complications can include infection, respiratory distress and contractures.
324822610-Burns.pptx
The document discusses burn classifications and management. It describes the three main types of burns as thermal, chemical, and electrical. Thermal burns are the most common and caused by heat sources. Burn depth is classified as superficial, partial thickness, or full thickness. Initial burn management focuses on the ABCs - securing the airway, assessing breathing and circulation. Fluid resuscitation is crucial to prevent shock in large burns. Ongoing nursing care involves wound care, infection prevention and managing complications.
91971688-Care-of-the-Burn-Patient-Jaf.ppt
Care of the Burn Patient provides guidelines for treating burn injuries. It outlines conducting a primary and secondary survey to assess airway, breathing, circulation, disability, and exposure. This includes estimating burn size using the Rule of Nines or Lund & Browder chart for children. It also describes fluid resuscitation using the Parkland formula to replace fluid losses from capillary leakage in burned tissue. Proper burn management focuses on stopping the burning process, providing oxygen, intravenous fluids, pain control, and preventing infection.
More from Asgraf (18)
1- Initial Assessment and Management of the Trauma Patient.pptx
1- Initial Assessment and Management of the Trauma Patient.pptx
Recently uploaded
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Versio
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest VersionTEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
Journal Article Review on Rasamanikya
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Swisschem Dermacare has mentioned the List of The Best Antifungal Soap In India 2022. All of these soaps are trusted by various Dermatology Experts.
Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India
we have mentioned the best 10 ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups. You can check all these products and choose the best one for yourself.
The Electrocardiogram - Physiologic Principles
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Recently uploaded (20)
Tests for analysis of different pharmaceutical.pptx
Tests for analysis of different pharmaceutical.pptx
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India
Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
chest_trauma ATLS..ppt
- 1. Chest Trauma Gráinne Murphy Final Med April 2002
- 2. Introduction Chest trauma is often sudden and dramatic Accounts for 25% of all trauma deaths 2/3 of deaths occur after reaching hospital Serious pathological consequnces: -hypoxia, hypovolaemia, myocardial failure
- 3. Mechanism of Injury Penetrating injuries E.g. stab wounds etc. Primarily peripheral lung Haemothorax Pneumothorax Cardiac, great vessel or oesophageal injury
- 4. Either: - direct blow (e.g. rib fracture) - deceleration injury or - compression injury Rib fracture is the most common sign of blunt thoracic trauma Fracture of scapula, sternum, or first rib suggests massive force of injury Blunt injuries
- 5. Chest wall injuries Rib fractures Flail chest Open pneumothorax
- 6. Rib fractures Most common thoracic injury Localised pain, tenderness, crepitus CXR to exclude other injuries Analgesia..avoid taping Underestimation of effect Upper ribs, clavicle or scapula fracture: suspect vascular injury
- 7. Flail chest Multiple rib fractures produce a mobile fragment which moves paradoxically with respiration Significant force required Usually diagnosed clinically Rx: ABC Analgesia
- 8. Flail chest
- 9. Flail Chest - detail
- 10. Open pneumothorax Defect in chest wall provides a direct communication between the pleural space and the environment Lung collapse and paroxysmal shifting of mediastinum with each respiratory effort ± tension pneumothorax “Sucking chest wound” Rx: ABCs…closure of wound…chest drain
- 11. Lung injury Pulmonary contusion Pneumothorax Haemothorax Parenchymal injury Trachea and bronchial injuries Pneumomediastinum
- 12. Pneumothorax Air in the pleural cavity Blunt or penetrating injury that disrupts the parietal or visceral pleura Unilateral signs: movement and breath sounds, resonant to percussion Confirmed by CXR Rx: chest drain
- 13. Pneumothorax
- 14. Tension pneumothorax Air enters pleural space and cannot escape P/C: chest pain, dyspnoea Dx: - respiratory distress - tracheal deviation (away) - absence of breath sounds - distended neck veins - hypotension
- 15. Surgical emergency Rx: emergency decompression before CXR Either large bore cannula in 2nd ICS, MCL or insert chest tube CXR to confirm site of insertion
- 16. Haemothorax Blunt or penetrating trauma Requires rapid decompression and fluid resuscitation May require surgical intervention Clinically: hypovolaemia absence of breath sounds dullness to percussion CXR may be confused with collapse
- 17. Heart, Aorta & Diaphragm Blunt cardiac injury - contusion - ventricular, septal or valvular rupture Cardiac tamponade Ruptured thoracic aorta Diaphragmatic rupture
- 18. Cardiac Tamponade Blood in the pericardial sac Most frequently penetrating injuries Shock, JVP, PEA, pulsus paradoxus Classically, Beck’s triad: - distended neck veins - muffled heart sounds - hypotension Rx: Volume resuscitation Pericardiocentesis
- 20. Aortic rupture Usually blunt trauma involving deceleration forces; especially RTAs ~90% die within minutes Most common site near ligamentum arteriosum Dx: clinical suspicion, CXR, aortography, contrast CT or TOE Rx: surgical…poor prognosis
- 21. Aortic rupture
- 22. Iatrogenic trauma NG tubes: -coiling -endobronchial placement -pneumothorax Chest tubes: - subcutaneous - intraparenchymal - intrafissural Central lines: - neck - coronary sinus - pneumothorax
- 23. Line in jugular vein
- 25. Chest trauma: summary Common Serious Primary goal is to provide oxygen to vital organs Remember Airway Breathing Circulation Be alert to change in clinical condition