This simple and short PPT will review three international Guidelines; NCCN, ESMO and ASCO guidelines for emesis prevention when using I.V chemotherapeutic agents which are highly or moderately emetogenic.
This simple and short PPT will review three international Guidelines; NCCN, ESMO and ASCO guidelines for emesis prevention when using I.V chemotherapeutic agents which are highly or moderately emetogenic.
CANCER: A group of disease involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other part of the body.
CHEMOTHERAPY: the term chemotherapy is describe as the use of chemicals or drugs to treat cancer.
CYTOTOXIC DRUG: lysis both normal and cancer cells
Chemotherapy induced Nausea and Vomiting
Professional and patient data
ارشادات للقئ والغثيان مع العلاج الكيمائي
Dr Salah Mabrouk Khallaf
د. صلاح مبروك خلاف
استشاري علاج الاورام
Introduction to Targeted Therapies in OncologyMohamed Abdulla
Describes the molecular background which represents the core for developing targeted therapies against specific biological events in malignant cellular clones.
CANCER: A group of disease involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other part of the body.
CHEMOTHERAPY: the term chemotherapy is describe as the use of chemicals or drugs to treat cancer.
CYTOTOXIC DRUG: lysis both normal and cancer cells
Chemotherapy induced Nausea and Vomiting
Professional and patient data
ارشادات للقئ والغثيان مع العلاج الكيمائي
Dr Salah Mabrouk Khallaf
د. صلاح مبروك خلاف
استشاري علاج الاورام
Introduction to Targeted Therapies in OncologyMohamed Abdulla
Describes the molecular background which represents the core for developing targeted therapies against specific biological events in malignant cellular clones.
Arjun Balar, MD, and Petros Grivas, MD, PhD, prepared useful practice aids pertaining to bladder cancer management for this CME activity titled "Keeping Pace With Immunotherapy Advances in Bladder Cancer: Tools for Winning the Race and Optimizing Patient Outcomes." For the full presentation, monograph, complete CME information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at http://bit.ly/2GpacAq. CME credit will be available until December 30, 2019.
Jonathan E. Rosenberg, MD, Hans Hammers, MD, PhD, and Ravi A. Madan, MD, prepared useful practice aids pertaining to genitourinary cancers for this CME activity titled "Strengthening Our Grip on Immuno-Oncology in Genitourinary Cancers: Understanding Science Through Stories." For the full presentation, monograph, complete CME information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at http://bit.ly/2FAbCH0. CME credit will be available until March 21, 2019.
Influence of anesthesia in oncological patientsJosef Saleh
Influence of antesthesia in oncological patients.
Anestesia en el paciente oncológico ¿Influye la técnica anestésica en la tasa de recidiva y en la supervivencia?
Focussing on cytotoxic treatment alone is not enoughinemet
PharmaCon2007 Congress, Dubrovnik, Croatia "New Technologies and Trends in Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Industry and Education" http://www.pharmacon2007.com
Abstract is available at http://www.pharmaconnectme.com
Ghassan Abou-Alfa, MD, MBA, Anthony El-Khoueiry, MD, and Richard S. Finn, MD, prepared useful practice aids pertaining to HCC management for this CME activity titled "New Options, Emerging Combinations in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Are Management Approaches Poised For Transformation?" For the full presentation, monograph, complete CME information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at http://bit.ly/2okTvdb. CME credit will be available until March 7, 2019.
•Describe the role of antibiotic use in the development of resistance
•Review toxicity of commonly used antibiotics
•Understand the prevalence and clinical impact of carbapenem resistant enterobacteriaceae
•State the prognosis antimicrobial resistant Staph aureus infections
• Describe the role of antibiotic use in the
development of resistance
• Review toxicity of commonly used antibiotics
• Understand the prevalence and clinical impact
of carbapenem resistant enterobacteriaceae
• State the prognosis antimicrobial resistant
Staph aureus infections
La mastalgia es un síntoma muy frecuente por el que las pacientes consultan. Es fundamental prestar atención a este signo, descartar patología subyacente t tratarlo en caso de que sea necesario.
Similar to Chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (20)
Drug hypersensitivity results from interactions between a pharmacologic agent and the human immune system.
Immune-mediated drug hypersensitivity reactions typically pose a predictable, more serious health risk with re-exposure to a drug
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
3. CINV: Current Problem
CINV is still a clinical problem
Do not fully understand the pathophysiology of
CINV (e.g. acute, delayed)
Medical complications: dehydration, electrolyte
imbalance, risk of aspiration pneumonia
Effective management of N + V is essential
Treatment planning for chemotherapy induced
nausea and vomiting should include both
physiologic and economic consideration
5. Difinition
• Nausea :
The unpleasant sensation of the imminent need to
vomit, usually referred to the throat or epigastrium
; a sensation that may or may not ultimately lead
to the act of vomiting
• Vomiting:
Forceful oral expulsion of gastric contents
associated with contraction of the abdominal and
chest wall musculature
6. Categories of CINV
• Acute
- usually within 24 hours after administration of
chemotherapy
• Delayed
- any time after first 24 hours to 7 days post
chemotherapy
7. Acute CINV
• Starts within the first 24 hours after chemotherapy
administration
– Majority of chemotherapeutic agents induce emesis
approximately 1–3 hours following administration
• Most researched type of CINV
– Remains common despite dramatically improved
protection
.Ann Oncol 1998;9:811–819.
8. Delayed CINV
• Starts 24 hours or more after chemotherapy administration
• First defined with high doses of cisplatin but known to occur
with other chemotherapy agents
– Carboplatin
– Cyclophosphamide
– Doxorubicin
– Epirubicin
– Anthracyclines
• Mechanism not known; appears to differ from acute emesis
Cancer. Ann Oncol 1998;9:811–819.
9. Categories of CINV (cont’d)
• Anticipatory
most common after 3-4 cycles chemotherapy
• Breakthrough
require treatment with an additional
pharmacological agent
• Refractory
patient who have failed on both standard
and rescue medication
11. Mechanisms of Chemotherapy-Induced
Nausea and Vomiting (CINV)
• Central mechanism
– Chemotherapeutic agent activates the chemoreceptor
trigger zone (CTZ)
– Activated CTZ invokes release of various neurotransmitters,
which stimulate vomiting center
• Peripheral mechanism
– Chemotherapeutic agent causes irritation and damage to
gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa, resulting in the release of
neurotransmitters
– Activated receptors send signals to vomiting center via
vagal afferents
Berger AM et al. In: Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology. 6th ed. Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins; 2001:2869–2880.
12. Proposed Pathways for Chemotherapy-
Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV)
Increased afferent input to the
chemoreceptor trigger zone
and vomiting center
Chemotherapy
Cell damage
Higher CNS centers
Release of neuroactive
agents
Activation of vagus
and splanchnic nerves
Small
intestine
Chemoreceptor trigger
zone
Medulla
oblongata
Vomiting center
Adapted from Grunberg SM et al N Engl J Med 1993;329:1790–1796.
14. Pattern Of Emesis: Cisplatin vs
Cyclophosphamide/Carboplatin
Cisplatin
Cyclophosphamide/Carboplatin
0 1 2 3 4 5
Days
Martin. Oncology. 1996;53(suppl 1):26-31.
15. Predisposing factor/ risk
• Female > Male
• Age > 3 years
• Past history of CNIV
• History of motion sickness
• Emetogenic potential of drug
• Administration schedule of chemotherapy
Cancer, J. 2008; 4: 85-93
16. Definition of Risk for CINV
• Minimal: <10%
• Low:10-30%
• Moderate 30-90%
• High >90%
Oncologist 2007; 12; 1143-1150
17. How to manage children with CINV
• Pharmacological
• Non pharmacological
31. Mechanisms of Chemotherapy-Induced
Nausea and Vomiting (CINV)
• Central mechanism
– Chemotherapeutic agent activates the chemoreceptor
trigger zone (CTZ)
– Activated CTZ invokes release of various neurotransmitters,
which stimulate vomiting center
• Peripheral mechanism
– Chemotherapeutic agent causes irritation and damage to
gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa, resulting in the release of
neurotransmitters
– Activated receptors send signals to vomiting center via
vagal afferents
Berger AM et al. In: Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology. 6th ed. Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins; 2001:2869–2880.
41. How Can We Improve the Value of Care in
CINV?
Value = Quality Cost
CR
Nausea or Emesis Functioning
Side Effects
Compliance or Patient
Inconvenience
Access to Care
• Direct
• Indirect
42. Vomiting Centre
(medulla)
Cerebral cortex
Anticipatory emesis
Smell
Sight
Thought
Vestibular
nucleiMotion
sickness
Pharynx & GIT
Chemo & radio therapy
Gastroenteritis
(vagus)
Chemoreceptor
Trigger Zone
(CTZ)
(Outside BBB)
Cancer chemotherapy
Opioids
Muscarinic, 5 HT3 &
Histaminic H1
5 HT3 receptors
Dopamine D2
5 HT3,,Opioid
Receptors
Muscarinic
Histaminic H1
Pathophysiology of Emesis
43. Mechanism of Nausea and Vomiting
• vomiting centre in reticular formation of
medulla
• activated by stimuli from:
– Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CTZ)
• area postrema, floor of the fourth ventricle
• outside blood-brain barrier (fenestrated venules)
– Upper GI tract & pharynx
– Vestibular apparatus
– Higher cortical centres