This document discusses minerals found in Sikkim, India including their properties and importance. It focuses on five minerals: copper, zinc, lead, talc, and graphite. For each mineral, it provides the elemental symbol, atomic number, weight, series, melting/boiling points, and a brief introduction. It then describes key properties such as color, structure, reactivity, and commercial uses. The document emphasizes that minerals are essential for technology and our daily lives, and studying their composition and properties is important for science.

1. CHEMISRYARTINTEGRATIONPROJECT(SIKKIM)
PREPARED BY : SOURAV SINGH
CLASS : 11-B
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO-1 , DELHI CANTT

2. IMPORTANCE OF CHEMISTRY IN OUR WORLD
Chemistry is important because everything you do is
chemistry! Even your body is made of chemicals.
Chemical reactions occur when you breathe, eat, or
just sit there reading. All matter is made of chemicals,
so the importance of chemistry is that it's the study of
everything.

3. MINERALS
1) Minerals are solid substances that are present in nature and can be made of one element or
more elements combined together
2) Minerals are usually solid , inorganic , have a crystal structure , and form naturally by geological
processes
3) A mineral can be made of single chemical element or more usually a compound. There are over
4,000 types of known minerals.Two common minerals are quartz and feldspar.
4) Mineral has a definite chemical make-up
5) The study of minerals is called mineralogy

4. ALONG WITH THE BEAUTIFUL VIEW OF SIKKIM , THERE IS ALSO THE
AVAILABILITY OF SONE MINERALS . THE MINERALS ARE AS FOLLOWS :
1) COPPER
2) ZINC
3) LEAD
4) TALC
5) GRAPHITE

5. GEOLOGICAL MAP OF SIKKIM

6. COPPER

7. INTRODUCTION OF COPPER
1) THE ELEMENTAL SYMBOL IS Cu
2) ATOMIC NUMBER IS 29
3) ATOMIC WEIGHT IS 63.5
4) CHEMICAL SERIES TRANSITION METAL
5) HEAT CONDUCTION IS GOOD
6) MELTING POINT IS 1084.62*C
7) BOILING POINT IS 2062*

8. PROPERTIES OF COPPER
1) COPPER IS A REDDISH COLOURED METALLIC METAL
2) MALLEABILITY – THE ABILITY TO BE BEATEN OR ROLLED INTO SHAPE
3) DUCTILITY - THE ABILITY TO BE DRAWN INTO SHAPE AS IN MANUFACTURE OF
COPPER WIRE
4) COPPER IS A GOOD CONDUCTOR OF ELECTRICITY
5) COPPER OCCURS NATURALLY BIT IT`S HREATEST SOURCE IS IN MINERALS LIKE
CHALCOPYRITE AND BORNITE
6) NATURAL COPPER IS A MIXTURE OF TWO SATBLE ISOTOPES : COPPER-63
(69.15%) AND COPPER -65 (30.85%)
7) IT IS EASILY MIXED WITH OTHER METALS TO FORM ALLOYS
8) IT HAS HIGH CORROSION RESISTANCE

9. ZINC

10. INTRODUCTION OF ZINC
1) THE ELEMENTAL SYMBOL IS Zn
2) ATOMIC NUMER IS 30
3) ATOMIC WEIGHT IS 65.3
4) CHEMICAL SERIES – TRANSITION METAL
5) MELTING PIONT IS 419.53 °C
6) BOILING POINT IS 907 °C

11. PROPERTIES OF ZINC
1) ZINC IS BLUISH – WHITE METAL
2) IT IS FOUND IN GROUP II OF PERIODIC TABLE
3) MALLEABILITY – THE ABILITY TO BE BEATEN OR ROLLED INTO SHAPE
4) DUCTILITY - THE ABILITY TO BE DRAWN INTO SHAPE AS IN MANUFACTURE
OF COPPER WIRE
5) IT IS FAIRLY REACTIVE METAL THAT WILL COMBINE WITH OXYGEN AND
OTHER NON METALS
6) IT REACTS WITH DILUTE ACIDS TO RELEASE HYDROGEN GAS
7) ZINC CRYSTALLIZES IN HEXAGONAL CLOSE-PAKED STRUCTURE
8) NATURAL ZINC IS A MIXTURE OF FIVE ISOTOPES: Zn64(48.6%) , Zn66(27.9%) ,
Zn67(4.1%) ,Zn68(18.8%) and Zn70(0.6%)

12. LEAD

13. INTRODUCTION OF LEAD
1) THE ELEMENTAL SYMBOL IS Pb
2) ATOMIC NUMBER IS 82
3) ATOMIC MASS IS 207.2
4) CHEMICAL SERIES – CARBON FAMILY
5) MELTING POINT IS 327.46 °C
6) BOILING POINT IS 1749 °C

14. PROPERTIES OF LEAD
1) LEAD IS A SOFT , SILVERY WHITE OR GRAYISH METAL
2) IT IS FOUND IN GROUP 14 OF PERIODIC TABLE
3) MALLEABILITY – THE ABILITY TO BE BEATEN OR ROLLED INTO SHAPE
4) DUCTILITY - THE ABILITY TO BE DRAWN INTO SHAPE AS IN
MANUFACTURE OF COPPER WIRE
5) IT TENDS TO FORM COVALENT BONDS
6) IT TARNISHES ON CONTACT WITH MOIST AIR AND TAKES ON A DULL
APPEARANCE
7) IT HAS HIGH RESISTANCE TO CORROSION
8) NATURALLY ZINC IS A MIXTURE OF FOUR ISOTOPES : Pb204(1.4%) ,
Pb206(24.1%) , Pb207(22.1%) and Pb208(52.4%)

15. GRAPHITE

16. INTRODUCTION OF GRAPHITE
1) GRAPHITE , ARCHIACALLY REFFERED TO AS PLUMBAGO
2) IT IS A CRYSTALLIE FORM OF THE ELEMENT CARBON
3) IN GRAPHITE , ATOMS ARE ARRANGED IN HEXAGONAL STRUCTURE
4) IT IS THE MOST STABLE FORM OF CARBON
5) UNDER HIGH PRESSURE , IT CONVERTS TO DIAMOND
6) BOILING POINT IS 3600*C

17. PROPERTIES OF GRAPHITE
1) GRAPHITE HAS A HIGH MELTING POINT , SIMILAR TO THAT OF DIAMOND
2) IT HAS A SOFT , SLIPPERY FEEL
3) IT ABSORBS FAST MOVING NEUTRONS
4) IT HAS A LOWER DENSITY THAN DIAMOND
5) GRAPHITE IS INSOLUBLE IN WATER AND ORGANIC SOLVENTS
6) IT IS A GOOD CONDUCTOR OF HEAT AND ELECTRICITY
7) GRAPHITE IS QUITE BRITTLE SUNSTANCE , AS CARBON ATOMS ARE
COVALENTELY BONDED IN ONLY TWO-DIMENSIONS
8) GRAPHITE HAS TWO KNOWN FORMS : a) ALPHA(HEXAHONAL)
b) BETA (RHOMBOHEDRAL)