1. The document discusses key concepts related to chemical kinetics including reaction rates, orders of reaction, activation energy, collision theory, and factors that affect the rate of reaction such as temperature. 2. Reaction rates can be determined experimentally and depend on concentrations, temperature, and the order of the reaction. Reactions can be zero, first, or second order. 3. According to collision theory, molecules must collide with sufficient energy, called the activation energy, to form reaction products. The rate of reaction increases with higher temperatures as molecular motion and collisions increase.

1. |
1
Qde dzle litreSe
e
At
Panion
dt
Rade of suactioh
r
Ti
m
e dakon
Chang1
i
Rat
eof Meacdion
iskhDLn
Rat
t oj Aeachion Chang
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of RÊP in uni
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Chemicat
ki
n
t di
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a: The Branch
o phyaícal chaiukry ich doal
i
Chemi
c
o kineticg

2. " 9nstam tanous Rath Rat gt. neacton at a paMdiakan maniaa
C
Gnstantanaou,.Hated mol 1-l sec"
’t
s+échioýa dt
(coC.)
9+ is expeniantal dadenminad 'expnsion- which ulaBoa th
COhcentfatton ofjlaac dand
t
A+ß Pnoduct,
b dt C dt
dt
d dt
2

3. fncomPanion
ElemandaoyteachThe neach which take plau in step in.
elementany ncac. tohen
Molecadanity' Total ns of mgleala taking pandicipacion in
lebemical sactian s knswn as maleaulanidy
If One moleaale is
,pantfapating
Juaction
9 tuo
ill be unlmoleculan
ip chemical each'ah hun
moleculea th¡n bimoleculan ond 3- trimbleculam
th) Hac9) +aycg) 52HCGG)
Unimalatutan]
Laimoleculan]
Tnimaleculan)
Compler Reachiong laheh astautnte oj elemndony neacgiue
pnoducts_dhan. the tactron called Complex Jtachion.
2NH3Nt3Ha.

4. Complex Reactioni htn a stquinte sf elmndy uacgiue
moductschan th actioncalled complex Jtachion.
2NH3 N43H2
Specitio
Rate consBont ox nate oj eachion 9+ iz delinad
as the Hat of caction Lsnen conc. af cachJLacdant n
Ahe neacion s unity Rate «LA1< LB1*
Ondon' of uac ion Those rnnlecules 4ohich detnmin, tade o
LHcacion Khnwn as onden of ianction
let us cOnsiden a qinenal tacdion
rAtns ’ hoduct
Radtoytt
heAun of pouweng o tohc. sleps teIm» involues nate
prdn f achon,
khowh
Rate kLA TLB
Suppose achue banlea of Aand B

5. Imp
Zero 0nden Reation:
Lohen
khowhas
late oj neach doesnt depend upon conc. step.
onden-Juaction.
dt
dx kla-x]
dt
dx = KX1 dr: kdt
C=0
Ikt 9k mol sec
t

6. Hal ime pexiad lHd lite parisdJ:
The time atwhich
oniqinal conc.
tuaph sf conc.
2Xt
a2kXA 0
conc o Substánce beCome
2
X=R+
Cnc.
Paze
2xt,
anycomparnion
nag
ysy

7. Imp*k**
Alknatiely mthod of
A ’ Pioduct
CAJ, on ca)
IAJ4-on Ca-r) X
-dCA]
dt
[A1
dt
-dA]kx1-dA]-
OHdon
hent , LAl, : [Al
-IA),- kxo+c.
C: -[A
LAJ- kt -[AJ.
kt IA,LAJ
fating agn ualu ofc
keIAI,-[AJ, mol'sect
kdt

8. Guraph of LAJ, Vst
t
tet
C tm
Fiest Ondon Raacon:lahen
lone conc. step only knoon as
A
iate
dz k(a
dt
CA2
bsrgcomPanion
motano=k
of taaction dapend upon
irst ond 0achio4,

9. 0 a
cz - k(a-r)
dt
a-y
Ja
-logeca-)a kt og
ea
ke
t

10. Guaph o
Rloqea-log,Ca-1J
2-363
kt
2:303
Logca-elogea kt
a-X
(a-)
2"303
tand
Paçe 43.
bncomranicn
m tan 0s -K
2303

11. t ty nd a a
Ke 2303 lbg
k-2:263 log 2
ke 230o3 X0:3olo
t
Ke 06932
Us ita. po
dibe.
Conci
Gutaph Conç us hal perod

12. Collision Ihaony Whan molectes collide widh each odhen than
dhay onm anaducts otencolLision.
those. molaoules fonm pnoduct aten collisiDb which haut
rentain amount o enenQy. Ths enugyscallad thenshald
ehen94
hosemoleculs whidh haue less eneigy han that of 4htshold
extra Qmount S ehengy g0
enengy tha abcanb so
dhat hum enengy hecomth equa do dhe thieshold enngy
hence exra amount of eneigy absonbed by Juac tant
maleeules, So,tha th, ensgy becoma egua do
thstes hold enngis knoun as- aciuatÉon eningy
So me
to
Nole Those máleulu tahich haug lawen achçation Cngy giuea
osten tae qf ach but dhose malaula ahh haue.
hiqhw actuadion enengy qiues slOuoen uach.

13. 9+ is
Achvated Complgy whon dhe, uac dond
PMMgydhún bonds aie lo0sed ond
onmta. TEke intennedíae do these fornud is callkd.
aciva ted eomplex 0n tranition state.
Page
Ac+ivated complz
bngcompanion
molecuu absonb
nes Joose bDhds aru
unstable and immedíotely dissociat to Jot
mglosu.
pnoducsthe actiuated complex dapends upon dhe natuu
ofchmiealbond undungaing, aptunt and indapendant
e.n. H-H4I-T H---H
on
o the
the enengies.

14. the enengies.
eg)A-AtB -B A --AA-B+A-B
Energy
tndodhnníc
B
(A+8)
Actiuoed (Ompli
Achivated. compl.
B
H-I+H -I
Exo thanmic
ProductCtD)
nogness in Heactíon
Enogney in raach’
Achyaed (oropUx
PnoductctD)

15. onientation Baruieni Eniqy alone dses hot
Lelfctive callisian bu+ albo seackivs oslecules should be in
he pMOpen annen.
Note The aBe o tcach is diectBya do dhe no a effediue
LCollisions on tfkctfiue. calísian iqyuay.The ha, a
(ollisiohs takesplaco pen second pon tanit volum n
Lacton is callad collisianitny
Raacdant
collision
kngcomPanion
dstenroine he
Actiuadtd
Comp
Jmbsopen mannn
Broduct
No 2110cucd

16. Rsacton
Activated
Compk
JlaBes
Upopen ann1n.
Broduc
2No p0clucd
Utate
etect of Teaçenatuna The gatb aË suachíon incuayek uth
on Snouaye in tempeiatune The Iattof mary tcacdiana
asap10xim dly doublefon Quea lo?c iise in dinparaa
kt
lempgdune Caeficient Cm)Thu dmp.Caelliz.ert of achermicas
sisachían is dind

17. RT
nion
2:
3
03
RT
2303R
Frequar nate
RT
T
Aa Poe exyon
Made cohstant
ahd
Asnhenious
egh state
» 34 a
tog,k
logeA-a AAcivadio
n Enngy
KeAe
l
o
gek
i
m
ph
tenpenadunt.
e
q
h ohi
c
h describe clation bJu
Amp Arnhenioy, Equations
Imp-----

18. Note
iaph'
2303l0.4,ok 3 2303109,A- Sa
0gk logo A-_Eo
T
20303R
1ate
logaka
Foo1 t0 doun empenddu.
Fnom eqh cy and c2
k,
RT
2.363 RT
2:303 RT,
2:303RT
2363Rl TT,

19. mo
l ()sec
(mol sec1
(mol1-)h
sect mollsee
e
Clohene
is ond.
lmolsecd
sec-t
Rader kCinHi
n
Second odon
ust odon
Those
3) f
o
n
(Fon
CI
) Fo
n Zeio oldon
MaleI
s
e
c
oi
t of Ohden gf
. Reacton
does not
ist ondan ac
has concavtvattoia
of Ha
o isquite nd
ii The inuêruion
oj cane sugan
is binalecadan unekonb
utt a
it
H
"e.gRci
ondun kIDuN
as Pseudomt
onden J1Saction.
uLst ondon but cundn Some condi i
o
n behaues
as it
chemicalJUac
io
n wbh anu
Pseudo First 0ndon Reachion

20. 3y fon Second ondoni
EacBons agecing
(mol)12sec lmol'se
aatea
the ate o chemical Jeachian?
Surlaaa
atA a Auactoent Smalle dho size,quadeo dhe Sunyace
angteaten
substancQA
he concantrale
dhe
and esulibun state is attained quickly in siseed Sita,choa
s Natune. o JteacBant onic subsca nag Jlat mare
oidh. co Vand bohd Ihis ia bla on ane immdadelyaunb
fn aa solng nd issocia de hino iett aptdhy but Co
bo ns
the