Good for students

1. T H E
CIVILIZED PEOPLE P R E S E N T S …
MANAGEMENT IN
ANCIENT CIVILIZATION

2. HOW
ALL THESE
STARTED...
• The concept of management came
from the recognision of need for well-
being and development
• Facilated by different projects, some
existed till today

3. PRE
ERA
H I S T O R I C

4. • Dated about 10000 to 9000 B.C.
• Adaptation to condition produced culture known
as “Mesolithic”
• Started with food gathering ,Hunting & Fishing
and consumption management for society
• Gave a base for Management
PRE
ERA
H I S T O R I C

5. • Family Group tribes
• Culture influence to Agriculture and Domesticating
Animal for increase production.
• Settle production & Create Village
• Emerge priests & Kings Holding Power
• Political and Military Structure has been Devised
PRE
ERA
H I S T O R I C

7. • Origin of modern concept of management are easily traceble
to the different ancient civilization
• Solomon rulers directed the establishment of elaborate trade
agreements, managed construction projects and molded
peace agreement in the tenth century
• Sumerians, Egiptians, Babylonians, Hebrews, Chinease,
Greeks, indians has also contributed to the present shape of
management.

8. A N C I E N T C I V I L I Z A T I O N
SUMERIANS

9. They settled around 3500 B.C. in southern
Mesopotamia, a region that covers the lower
reaches of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in
today’s Iraq. The Sumerians are believed to have
migrated to the northern shores of the Persian
Gulf from Central Asia and India.
A N C I E N T C I V I L I Z A T I O N
SUMERIANS

10. ANCIENT
CIVILIZATIO
N
SUMERIANS

11. • Sumerians developed many things that remain part of
modern life such as writing, timekeeping, irrigation and
cities.
• The contributions of the Sumerians are creating the first
large cities with dense urban populations, building ziggurats
or temples, formulating laws, creating a lunar calendar,
algebraic expressions and advanced math, use of wheels and
engineering skills, clay tokens used as money, and rounded
roofs. Their literature contained the stories of the Flood, the
Garden of Eden, and the hero Gilgamesh who battled evil,
and was a model for future epic heroes.
ANCIENT
CIVILIZATION
SUMERIANS

12. Some written documents found from
sumerian civilization that indicates the
evidences of managerial control practice
Sumerian priests used to manage tax
collection and expenditure
They planted the root for written and
organized management practice for state
control system
ANCIENT
CIVILIZATION
SUMERIANS

13. EGYPT

14. EGYPT

15. • Structures
• Writings
• Government

16. • Structures
• Planning
• Organizing
• Controlling
Planning
Organizing
Controlling

17. Egypt
Contribution to management
Planning

18. EGYPT CONTRIBUTION TO MANAGEMENT
ORGANIZING

19. • Full observation of military officers
• Successful completion of building
pyramids
• Still now pyramids are like intact
CONTROLLING
EGYPT CONTRIBUTION TO MANAGEMENT

20. WRITINGS
Basically advice from father to his son
Ptah-hotep to his son:
“If thou art a leader commanding the affairs of the
multitude, seek out for thyself every beneficial deed,
until the business be free from wrong. Maat
(translated as order or truth) is great, and its
effectiveness is lasting…..wrongdoing has never
brought its undertaking to port.”
EGYPT CONTRIBUTION TO MANAGEMENT

21. GOVERNMENT
Tax commission was the only real
tie between the central
government and sub states.
Recentralizing by means of a
military take over
Found out that dispersed
holdings requiring a decentralized
government was an effective
form of managerial organization
only if effective central controls
were established.
EGYPT CONTRIBUTION TO MANAGEMENT

22. Ancient Civilization
BABYLONIA

23. Government
• Most of the laws coming to us from
the Babylonian are of a business
nature.
• Significant contribution was
the “Code of Hammarubi”
BABYLONIA

24. Government
• On minimum
wages
• On control
• On
responsibili
ty
BABYLONIA

25. • Also practice planning &
controlling
• Mainly focus on paying highly
motivating incentives.
Nebuchadnezzar
BABYLONIA

26. Ancient Civilization
HEBREWS

27. Contribution of
Hebrews
“No other people in history so few in number and so weak
politically have so greatly influenced civilization”
Moses, A Great Hebrew implemented two
important theories-
1. Delegation of Authority
2. Exception Principle
[Chapter 18, Exodus, Taorah]
Moses’s father-in-law, Jethro had a significant
influence on him

28. Moses ability to Lead & Manage
• Government
• Law Making
• Human Relation

29. ANCIENT CIVILIZATION
CHINA

30. Management in China
CONTRIBUTORS CONTRIBUTIONS
Chow ‘The Constitution of Chow’-A DIRECTORY of
all civil servants with their JOBS & DUTIES
carefully listed
Emperor Yao(2350-2256 B.C) USE of STAFF
Mencius 1. Operations Management(STANDARD of
OPERATION, NEED for SYSTEM &
METHODOLOGY)
2. SPECIALIZATION
Sun Tzu 1. Author of ‘The Art of War’, OLDEST
military treatise in the WORLD
2. PLANNING, DIRECTING, ORGANIZING

31. Ancient Greek
Civilization
(c. the 9th century B.C. -
6th century A.D.)
The Parthenon
Temple, Athens
Construction
started- 447 B.C.
Completed -
438 B.C.

32. Contribution to
Management
Democratic Government
(The First in History)
Sceintific Method
Solon (594BC),
Cleisthenes (508/7
BC)
and Ephialtes (462
BC) contributed
most to the
development of
Athenian
democracy among
many.
• Search for
Knowledge
• Introduced
Scholarship
•Implementation of
science in warfare and
architecture
•Science in all
spheres.

33. Henry
Fayol
(1841-
1925)
Influential Scholars
of Scientific
Management (19th Century)

34. Contribution to
Management... The Polis
Plato
a philosopher,
mathematician,
in Classical Greece
&
an influential
figure in
philosophy
Plato analyzes the polis in The
Republic- King is a philosopher , best
ruler & acquainted with the Form of
the Good
Polis is “ just city”
(Ancient Greek Philosophy)
Polis also encouraged-
Free exchange of Ideas & Practice
of open discussion
Similar to--
Consultation or
Consultative
Supervision

35. Contribution to
Management...
Principle of Maximum
output
Specialization of job
“No man should work
in both wood and iron
at the same time
because of his inability
to excel” -
Plato
 Tempo and music to keep
work in motion
 Flute & Pipe governed the
motion even with songs
 Introduced rhythm and
standard motions for particular
work
Study of-
Employee Psychology
&
Behavioral
management

36. Principle of Universality of Management
Contribution to
Management...
( A Socratic Disclosure by Xenophon)
Xenophon
(One of Socrates' Disciples)
430 B.C. – 354 B.C.
•Management is an art and It has some
principles
•Principles are universal for any sort of
management
•Good Managers follow these principles
….. as a result
Good managers perform well everywhere
Because,
Duties are common whether fighting is not

37. India
 Also named Vishnugupta
 A great scholar of Indian empire
 During 4th Century BC
Principle work-
Arthasastra

38. Arthasastra
 Written around about 321 BC
 Sanskrit language
The science of Polity
Book’s Theme was on-
•Politics
•Social
•Economic Management
Arthasastra covered-
•Duties of the king, ministers, councilors & others’
•Management of trade and commerce
•Laws and Law court, rights of women
•Social customs, marriage & divorce , taxation and revenue
•When to attack a kingdom and how?
•Managing mills, factories and agriculture & etc.

39. Early military contributions
Cyrus II of Persia
(600 or 576 – 530 BC),
He is commonly known as
Cyrus the Great and also
known as Cyrus the Elder,
was the founder of
the Achaemenid Empire.

40. Contribution of Cyrus
Contributions:
• principle of division of work
• unity of direction or command
• specificity in work assignment
• need for teamwork, co-ordination
• good personnel or human relations
• order placement and uniformity of action
• motion study, layout and materials handling

41. Uniform method
Staff principle
Discipline
Delegation of
authority
Proper planning
Coordinated staff
effort
Early military
contributions

42. Estate management
•Indoor
•Outdoor

43. Rome
Rome was not built in a day……………..

44. • Ancient Rome was an Italic civilization that began on
the Italian Peninsula as early as the 8th century BC.
50 million people
Great Britain – west
Syria – east
Europe
North of Africa
Ancient Rome
Civilization

45. Single minded determination
Superior managerial talents
Build a Government Structure
Military Structure
Superior or Advanced Managerial
Capacity

Ancient Rome
Civilization

46. (Problem in maintaining)
• Control
• Loyalty
• Taxes
Too much delegation on a local level temped the
military to divide or sever the loyalty to Rome.
Management In Rome

47. Management In Rome
who restored efficient
government to the empire
after the near anarchy of the
3rd century.

48. • Delegation of authority
• 101 provinces
• 13 dioceses
• 4 major geographical divisions
Management In Rome

49. Appointed three assistants - “Augustus” &
“Caesar”
Vicarii – dioceses
Governors – provinces
Authority Related to Civil Government
No control on military Stationed in Provinces
Management In Rome

51. Rome
Farm Management ( CATO)
• Practical & Scientific Method
• Intelligent reasoning & Good Management
• Owners of the Firm Observe
How the work Has Progressed
What Has been Done
What remain to be Done
Why it has not been possible to complete rest

52. • Disciplined
• Respect the right of others
• Settle the quarrels
• Encourage others
• Keep the hand busy
• Co-ordination
• Plan all the work in ample time
Rome
Farm Management
(CATO)

54. Selection for farm hand
• Fitted for heavy labor
• Knowledge for agriculture
• Educated
• Older than the hands
• Experienced
• Better to choose who is “Married”
Rome Farm
Management

55. Thank You!
Everyone!