Chapter12 array-single-dimension
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An array is a collection of elements of the same data type. It can be initialized with values specified in braces when declared. Individual array elements can be accessed using the array name and subscript index. Arrays can be passed as parameters to functions by passing the array name without brackets. Basic operations on arrays include traversing, searching, sorting, and merging elements.
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Array
An array is a collection of data elements of same data type. It is described by a
single name and each element of an array is referenced by using array name
and its subscript no.
Declaration of Array
Type arrayName[numberOfElements];
For example,
int Age[5] ;
float cost[30];
Initialization of One Dimensional Array
An array can be initialized along with declaration. For array initialization it is
required to place the elements separated by commas enclosed within braces.
int A[5] = {11,2,23,4,15};
It is possible to leave the array size open. The compiler will count the array
size.
int B[] = {6,7,8,9,15,12};
Referring to Array Elements
In any point of a program in which an array is visible, we can access the value
of any of its elements individually as if it was a normal variable, thus being able
to both read and modify its value.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/chapter12-array-single-dimension-150809074053-lva1-app6892/85/Chapter12-array-single-dimension-1-320.jpg)
![The format is as simple as:
name[index]
Examples:
cout << age[4]; //print an array element
age[4] = 55; // assign value to an array element
cin >> age[4]; //input element 4
Using Loop to input an Array from user
int age [10], i ;
for (i = 0 ; i < 10; i++)
{
cin >> age[i];
}
Arrays as Parameters
At some moment we may need to pass an array to a function as a parameter.
In C++ it is not possible to pass a complete block of memory by value as a
parameter to a function, but we are allowed to pass its address.
For example, the following function:
void print(int A[])
accepts a parameter of type "array of int" called A.
In order to pass to this function an array declared as:
int arr[20];
we need to write a call like this:
print(arr);
Here is a complete example:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void print(int A[], int length)
{
for (int n = 0; n < length; n++)
cout << A[n] << " ";
cout << "n";
}](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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The C++ Standard Library provides functions for common tasks like math, strings, I/O, and more. It includes header files that replace older C-style headers. Key headers include <iostream> for I/O, <cmath> for math functions, and <cctype> for character functions. Functions cover tasks from calculating sines and cosines to converting cases and checking digit/letter types. The Standard Library makes programming easier by providing these useful and necessary capabilities.
Chapter23 friend-function-friend-class
Friend functions and classes allow external code to access private members of a class. The document demonstrates declaring a function and class as friends of the Rectangle class to access its private length and width variables. This is done by specifying the function or class as friend within the class definition. This allows the friend function getCost() and class CostCalculator to multiply length and width to calculate the area or cost despite them being private members.
Chapter22 static-class-member-example
Static members allow data or methods to be accessed by all objects of a class. Static data members are declared within a class but defined and initialized outside the class. A static data member exists in a single copy shared by all instances of the class. Static member functions can access only static data and cannot access non-static data or call non-static methods. Static functions can be called without an object and are used to access static data.
Chapter27 polymorphism-virtual-function-abstract-class
1) A base class pointer can point to a derived class object but cannot access the derived class's additional functions without a cast.
2) Declaring a function as virtual in the base class allows it to be overridden in derived classes and called polymorphically through a base class pointer.
3) A pure virtual function is like an abstract function that derived classes must implement. A class with a pure virtual function is an abstract class that cannot be instantiated.
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Chapter21 separate-header-and-implementation-files
Chapter21 separate-header-and-implementation-files
Chapter27 polymorphism-virtual-function-abstract-class
Chapter27 polymorphism-virtual-function-abstract-class
Similar to Chapter12 array-single-dimension
SlideSet_4_Arraysnew.pdf
The document discusses arrays in C programming. Some key points include:
- An array is a collection of variables of the same type referred to by a common name. Each element has an index and arrays use contiguous memory locations.
- Arrays are declared with the type, name, and size. The first element is at index 0.
- One-dimensional arrays can be initialized, accessed, input from and output to the user. Multidimensional arrays like 2D arrays represent tables with rows and columns.
- Arrays can be passed to functions by passing the entire array or individual elements. Operations like searching, sorting and merging can be performed on arrays.
arrays.pptx
The document discusses arrays in C programming. It defines arrays as a collection of similar data types stored in contiguous memory locations and accessed using indexes. It describes how to declare, initialize, access, and manipulate single and multi-dimensional arrays. It also covers passing arrays to functions, array addressing and calculations, and merging two sorted arrays.
2DArrays.ppt
computer dataA computer is a machine that can be programmed to carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations (computation) automatically. Modern digital electronic computers can perform generic sets of operations known as programs. These programs enable computers to perform a wide range of tasks. A computer system is a nominally complete computer that includes the hardware, operating system (main software), and peripheral equipment needed and used for full operation. This term may also refer to a group of computers that are linked and function together, such as a computer network or computer cluster.
A broad range of industrial and consumer products use computers as control systems. Simple special-purpose devices like microwave ovens and remote controls are included, as are factory devices like industrial robots and computer-aided design, as well as general-purpose devices like personal computers and mobile devices like smartphones. Computers power the Internet, which links billions of other computers and users.
Early computers were meant to be used only for calculations. Simple manual instruments like the abacus have aided people in doing calculations since ancient times. Early in the Industrial Revolution, some mechanical devices were built to automate long, tedious tasks, such as guiding patterns for looms. More sophisticated electrical machines did specialized analog calculations in the early 20th century. The first digital electronic calculating machines were developed during World War II. The first semiconductor transistors in the late 1940s were followed by the silicon-based MOSFET (MOS transistor) and monolithic integrated circuit chip technologies in the late 1950s, leading to the microprocessor and the microcomputer revolution in the 1970s. The speed, power and versatility of computers have been increasing dramatically ever since then, with transistor counts increasing at a rapid pace (as predicted by Moore's law), leading to the Digital Revolution during the late 20th to early 21st centuries.
02 arrays
This document discusses arrays in C programming. It defines an array as a collection of variables of the same type that are referenced by a common name. It describes single-dimensional and multi-dimensional arrays. Single-dimensional arrays are comprised of finite, homogeneous elements while multi-dimensional arrays have elements that are themselves arrays. The document provides examples of declaring, initializing, accessing, and implementing arrays in memory for both single and double-dimensional arrays. It includes sample programs demonstrating various array operations.
Array
The document discusses C arrays and multi-dimensional arrays. It defines arrays as a collection of related data items represented by a single variable name. Arrays must be declared before use with the general form of "type variablename[size]". Elements are accessed via indexes from 0 to size-1. The document also discusses initializing arrays, multi-dimensional arrays with two or more subscripts to represent rows and columns, and provides examples of declaring and initializing multi-dimensional arrays in C.
Arrays_in_c++.pptx
Here is the program to copy elements of an array into another array in reverse order:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int arr1[10], arr2[10];
cout << "Enter 10 integer inputs: ";
for(int i=0; i<10; i++) {
cin >> arr1[i];
}
for(int i=0, j=9; i<10; i++, j--) {
arr2[j] = arr1[i];
}
cout << "Array 1: ";
for(int i=0; i<10; i++) {
cout << arr1[i
VIT351 Software Development VI Unit2
The document provides information about arrays, strings, and character handling functions in C language. It discusses:
1. Definitions and properties of arrays, including declaring, initializing, and accessing single and multi-dimensional arrays.
2. Built-in functions for testing and mapping characters from the ctype.h library, including isalnum(), isalpha(), iscntrl(), isdigit(), ispunct(), and isspace().
3. Strings in C being arrays of characters terminated by a null character. It discusses common string handling functions from string.h like strlen(), strrev(), strlwr(), strupr(), strcpy(), strcat(), and strcmp().
Homework Assignment – Array Technical DocumentWrite a technical .pdf
Homework Assignment – Array Technical Document
Write a technical document that describes the structure and use of arrays. The document should
be 3 to 5 pages and include an Introduction section, giving a brief synopsis of the document and
arrays, a Body section, describing arrays and giving an annotated example of their use as a
programming construct, and a conclusion to revisit important information about arrays described
in the Body of the document. Some suggested material to include:
Declaring arrays of various types
Array pointers
Printing and processing arrays
Sorting and searching arrays
Multidimensional arrays
Indexing arrays of various dimension
Array representation in memory by data type
Passing arrays as arguments
If you find any useful images on the Internet, you can use them as long as you cite the source in
end notes.
Solution
Array is a collection of variables of the same type that are referenced by a common name.
Specific elements or variables in the array are accessed by means of index into the array.
If taking about C, In C all arrays consist of contiguous memory locations. The lowest address
corresponds to the first element in the array while the largest address corresponds to the last
element in the array.
C supports both single and multi-dimensional arrays.
1) Single Dimension Arrays:-
Syntax:- type var_name[size];
where type is the type of each element in the array, var_name is any valid identifier, and size is
the number of elements in the array which has to be a constant value.
*Array always use zero as index to first element.
The valid indices for array above are 0 .. 4, i.e. 0 .. number of elements - 1
For Example :- To load an array with values 0 .. 99
int x[100] ;
int i ;
for ( i = 0; i < 100; i++ )
x[i] = i ;
To determine to size of an array at run time the sizeof operator is used. This returns the size in
bytes of its argument. The name of the array is given as the operand
size_of_array = sizeof ( array_name ) ;
2) Initialisg array:-
Arrays can be initialised at time of declaration in the following manner.
type array[ size ] = { value list };
For Example :-
int i[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5 } ;
i[0] = 1, i[1] = 2, etc.
The size specification in the declaration may be omitted which causes the compiler to count the
number of elements in the value list and allocate appropriate storage.
For Example :- int i[ ] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 } ;
3) Multidimensional array:-
Multidimensional arrays of any dimension are possible in C but in practice only two or three
dimensional arrays are workable. The most common multidimensional array is a two
dimensional array for example the computer display, board games, a mathematical matrix etc.
Syntax :type name [ rows ] [ columns ] ;
For Example :- 2D array of dimension 2 X 3.
int d[ 2 ] [ 3 ] ;
A two dimensional array is actually an array of arrays, in the above case an array of two integer
arrays (the rows) each with three elements, and is stored row-wise in memory.
For Example :- Program to fill .
Array
An array is a collection of data items stored at contiguous memory locations. Arrays can have one or more dimensions. A one-dimensional array is declared with the data type, array name, and size. Elements are accessed using indexes within brackets. Two-dimensional arrays are declared with the data type, array name with two sets of brackets and sizes. Elements are accessed using row and column indexes. Arrays can be passed to functions by passing a pointer to the first element or by passing the entire array. Array elements can be accessed and modified within functions.
C Programming : Arrays
This document provides information about arrays in C programming. It defines an array as a linear list of homogeneous elements stored in consecutive memory locations. It notes that arrays always start at index 0 and end at size-1. It describes one-dimensional and multi-dimensional arrays. For one-dimensional arrays, it provides examples of declaration, definition, accessing elements, and several programs for operations like input, output, finding the largest element, and linear search. For multi-dimensional arrays, it describes how they are represented and defined with multiple subscript variables. It also includes a program to add two matrices as an example of a two-dimensional array.
Array 31.8.2020 updated
The document discusses various operations that can be performed on arrays, including traversing, inserting, searching, deleting, merging, and sorting elements. It provides examples and algorithms for traversing an array, inserting and deleting elements, and merging two arrays. It also discusses two-dimensional arrays and how to store user input data in a 2D array. Limitations of arrays include their fixed size and issues with insertion/deletion due to shifting elements.
Arrays-Computer programming
Arrays allow storing and accessing multiple values of the same data type. A two-dimensional array represents data in a tabular form and can be used to store values in a matrix. It is declared with two sets of brackets and initialized with nested curly braces. Elements are accessed using two indices, such as array[row][column]. Memory for a two-dimensional array is allocated in a contiguous block, with the first dimension iterating fastest.
DSA - Array.pptx
An array is a data structure that can store a fixed number of items of the same type. It supports basic operations like traversal, insertion, deletion, search, and update. Each item in an array is called an element, which is accessed via its numerical index. The document then provides examples of code implementing these array operations in C.
02 Arrays And Memory Mapping
The document discusses various linear data structures like arrays, strings, stacks, queues, and linked lists. It provides details on representing single and multi-dimensional arrays, including addressing formulas. Operations on ordered lists like lists are defined. Linear lists using arrays are implemented with methods for adding, removing, and changing elements.
unit-2-dsa.pptx
The document discusses arrays in C programming. It defines key concepts like array representation, index starting from 0, memory representation of arrays, and address calculation of array elements. It also covers various array operations like creation, copying, deletion, insertion, sorting, and representation of arrays as abstract data types. Multidimensional arrays and their row-major and column-major representations are explained along with examples.
358 33 powerpoint-slides_5-arrays_chapter-5
The document discusses arrays and two-dimensional arrays in C programming. It defines arrays as collections of similar data elements stored in consecutive memory locations that can be accessed using an index. The key points are:
1) Arrays are declared with a type, name, and size and elements are accessed using indexes.
2) Two-dimensional arrays use two indexes to access elements, representing rows and columns.
3) Arrays can be initialized manually or by inputting values in a loop.
4) Pointers and addresses can be used to access and pass array elements between functions.
Array
The document discusses arrays and strings in C programming. It covers topics like declaring and initializing single and multi-dimensional arrays, accessing array elements, passing arrays to functions, and common array operations like sorting, calculating average and standard deviation. Strings are also introduced as arrays of characters terminated by a null character. Examples are provided for many array concepts and operations.
Introduction to Arrays in C
An array is a group of data items of same data type that share a common name. Ordinary variables are capable of holding only one value at a time. If we want to store more than one value at a time in a single variable, we use arrays.
An array is a collective name given to a group of similar variables. Each member in the group is referred to by its position in the group.
Arrays are alloted the memory in a strictly contiguous fashion. The simplest array is a one-dimensional array which is a list of variables of same data type. An array of one-dimensional arrays is called a two-dimensional array.
Array data structure
An array is a data structure that stores fixed number of items of the same type. It allows storing elements at numbered indexes and performing operations like traversing, inserting, deleting, searching and updating elements. Some key points about arrays include elements having indexes starting from 0, built-in support for basic operations, and default initialization of element values depending on data type.
ARRAYS
C programming language allows for the declaration of arrays, which can store a fixed number of elements of the same data type. Arrays provide an efficient way to store and access related data sequentially in memory. Individual elements in an array are accessed via an index, and multi-dimensional arrays can model tables of data with multiple indices to access each element.
Similar to Chapter12 array-single-dimension (20)
Homework Assignment – Array Technical DocumentWrite a technical .pdf
Homework Assignment – Array Technical DocumentWrite a technical .pdf
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Computer networks - CBSE New Syllabus (083) Class - XII
The document provides information on various computer networking concepts. It defines Internet of Things (IoT) and discusses the differences between public and private clouds. It also describes wired and wireless networks, the roles of clients and servers, and common networking hardware like NICs, switches, routers and access points. The document further explains networking protocols and standards such as IP versions, DNS, URLs, modulation techniques, and communication protocols like HTTP, FTP, SMTP and more.
Chpater29 operation-on-file
The document discusses basic file input/output operations in C++, including reading from and writing to text files, counting characters, words, and lines. It also covers binary file operations such as creating binary files, reading from and writing to binary files, searching, deleting, and modifying records in binary files using classes. Example C++ programs are provided to demonstrate each operation.
Chapter28 data-file-handling
This document discusses file handling in C++. It defines text and binary files, and describes classes like ofstream, ifstream, and fstream that are used for file input/output. It explains how to open, close, read from, and write to files, and describes functions for input/output of single characters and blocks of data. It also covers error handling functions and manipulating file pointers using methods like seekg() and seekp().
Chapter24 operator-overloading
Operator overloading allows redefining the behavior of operators when used with user-defined types like classes. It is done by defining a member function named operator followed by the symbol, like operator+. The code shows overloading the + operator for a Complex number class to add the real and imaginary parts of two Complex objects when using +. This allows calling the addition like c3 = c1 + c2 instead of c1.operator+(c2).
Chapter17 oop
Procedural programming separates data and functions, which can cause problems for large complex programs. Object-oriented programming combines data and procedures into objects, encapsulating them together. An object's attributes are stored in member variables and its procedures are member functions. This encapsulation also allows for data hiding so only an object's own functions can access and change its internal data. Some advantages of OOP include easier management of complex software, simple upgrades, and partitioning work based on objects.
Chapter13 two-dimensional-array
The document discusses two-dimensional arrays in C++. It explains that a two-dimensional array is an array of arrays, with elements arranged in rows and columns. It provides examples of declaring, initializing, accessing, inputting, and passing two-dimensional arrays as parameters to functions. It also gives examples of functions that perform operations on two-dimensional arrays, such as addition, multiplication, finding row/column sums, diagonal sums, and transposing the array.
Chapter 11 Function
Functions allow programmers to organize code into reusable blocks. A function performs a specific task and can accept input parameters and return an output. Functions make code more modular and easier to maintain. Functions are defined with a name, parameters, and body. They can be called from other parts of the code to execute their task. Parameters allow functions to accept input values, while return values allow functions to return output to the calling code. Functions can be called by passing arguments by value or reference. The document provides examples and explanations of different types of functions in C++ like inline functions, functions with default arguments, and global vs local variables.
Chapter 9 - Loops in C++
This document discusses different types of looping statements in C++ including while, do-while, and for loops. It explains the syntax and flow of each loop. While and do-while loops evaluate a condition before or after executing the loop body. For loops allow pre-determining the number of iterations using initialization, condition testing, and incrementing/decrementing of a control variable. The document also covers jump statements like goto, break, continue and exit() which can transfer program control within and between loops and functions.
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The document discusses input/output (I/O) in C++ using the iostream header file. It describes the cout and cin stream objects that can be used for output to the console and input from the console, respectively. cout is used with the insertion operator << to print output, while cin is used with the extraction operator >> to get user input from keyboard and store it in variables. Examples are provided to demonstrate printing output with cout, getting single data inputs and multiple inputs with cin, and using getline to get an entire line of input as a string.
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CBSE Question Paper Computer Science with C++ 2011
CBSE Question Paper Computer Science with C++ 2011
Revision notes for exam 2011 computer science with C++
Revision notes for exam 2011 computer science with C++
Chapter12 array-single-dimension
- 1. www.cppforschool.com Array An array is a collection of data elements of same data type. It is described by a single name and each element of an array is referenced by using array name and its subscript no. Declaration of Array Type arrayName[numberOfElements]; For example, int Age[5] ; float cost[30]; Initialization of One Dimensional Array An array can be initialized along with declaration. For array initialization it is required to place the elements separated by commas enclosed within braces. int A[5] = {11,2,23,4,15}; It is possible to leave the array size open. The compiler will count the array size. int B[] = {6,7,8,9,15,12}; Referring to Array Elements In any point of a program in which an array is visible, we can access the value of any of its elements individually as if it was a normal variable, thus being able to both read and modify its value.
- 2. The format is as simple as: name[index] Examples: cout << age[4]; //print an array element age[4] = 55; // assign value to an array element cin >> age[4]; //input element 4 Using Loop to input an Array from user int age [10], i ; for (i = 0 ; i < 10; i++) { cin >> age[i]; } Arrays as Parameters At some moment we may need to pass an array to a function as a parameter. In C++ it is not possible to pass a complete block of memory by value as a parameter to a function, but we are allowed to pass its address. For example, the following function: void print(int A[]) accepts a parameter of type "array of int" called A. In order to pass to this function an array declared as: int arr[20]; we need to write a call like this: print(arr); Here is a complete example: #include <iostream> using namespace std; void print(int A[], int length) { for (int n = 0; n < length; n++) cout << A[n] << " "; cout << "n"; }
- 3. int main () { int arr[] = {5, 10, 15}; print(arr,3); return 0; } Basic Operation On One Dimensional Array Function to traverse the array A void display(int A[], int n) { cout << "The elements of the array are:n"; for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) cout << A[i]; } Function to Read elements of the array A void Input(int A[], int n) { cout << "Enter the elements:"; for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) cin >> A[i]; } Function to Search for an element from A by Linear Search void lsearch(int A[], int n, int data) { for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) { if(A[i] == data) { cout << "Data Found at : " << i; return; } } cout << "Data Not Found in the array" << endl; }
- 4. Function to Search for an element from Array A by Binary Search int BsearchAsc(int A[], int n, int data) { int Mid, Lbound = 0, Ubound = n-1, Found=0; while((Lbound <= Ubound) && !(Found)) { Mid =(Lbound+Ubound)/2; //Searching The Item if(data > A[Mid]) Lbound = Mid+1; else if(data < A[Mid]) Ubound = Mid-1; else Found++; } if(Found) return(Mid+1); //returning 1ocation, if present else return(-1); //returning -1,if not present } Function to Sort the array A by Bubble Sort void BSort(int A[], int n) { int I, J, Temp; for(I = 0; I < n-1; I++) //sorting { for(J = 0; J < (n-1-I); J++) if(A[J] > A[J+1]) { Temp = A[J]; //swapping A[J] = A[J+1]; A[J+1] = Temp; } } }
- 5. Function to Sort the array ARR by Insertion Sort void ISort(int A[], int n) { int I, J, Temp; for(I = 1; I < n; I++) //sorting { Temp = A[I]; J = I-1; while((Temp < A[J]) && (J >= 0)) { A[J+1] = A[J]; J--; } A[J+1]=Temp; } } Function to Sort the array by Selection Sort void SSort(int A[], int n) { int I, J, Temp, Small; for(I = 0; I < n-1; I++) { Small = I; for(J = I+1; J < n; J++) //finding the smallest element if(A[J] < A[Small]) Small = J; if(Small != I) { Temp = A[I]; //Swapping A[I] = A[Small]; A[Small] = Temp; } } }
- 6. Function to merge A and B arrays of lenghts N and M void Merge(int A[], int B[], int C[], int N, int M, int &K) { int I = 0, J = 0; K = 0; while (I < N && J < M) { if (A[I] < B[J]) C[K++] = A[I++]; else if (A[I] > B[J]) C[K++] = B[J++]; else { C[K++] = A[I++]; J++; } } int T; for (T = I; T < N; T++) C[K++] = A[T]; for (T = J; T < M; T++) C[K++] = B[T]; }