The document discusses different types of computer software. It defines software and differentiates it from hardware. There are two main types of software: system software and application software. System software makes the computer system more efficient and provides support for application software, while application software is designed to perform specific tasks. The document also outlines how software is developed, acquired, and the roles of firmware and middleware.
Organizations can pick between numerous free community-supported distributions of the Linux operating system. In the data center and on AWS, Azure, GKE, CloudFlare, DigitalOcean, and other public clouds, these free versions are available as part of the default configuration. Why, then, would you pay for Linux?
These slides, based on a webinar hosted by Red Hat and leading IT research firm EMA, provide insights into what has and has not worked related to the adoption of free versus subscription-based Linux distributions.
Comment déployer une stratégie microsoft en mode applianceMicrosoft Ideas
Comment bénéficier d’appliances personnalisées sur SQL Server? Comment améliorer la performance de vos architectures techniques? Comment évoluer vers le Big Data avec PDW et Hadoop? Session présentée par le partenaire : HP.
Speakers : Didier Kirszenberg (HP)
Introducation to computer [www.studysharebd.com]Rafiq Azad
Computer is an advanced electronic device that takes raw data as an input from the user and processes it under the control of a set of instructions (called program), produces a result (output), and saves it for future use. This tutorial explains the foundational concepts of computer hardware, software, operating systems, peripherals, etc. along with how to get the most value and impact from computer technology.
Audience
This tutorial has been prepared for beginners as well as advanced learners who want to deal with computers. The tutorial is also very useful for undergraduate students of computer science, engineering, business administration, management, science, commerce and arts, where an introductory course on computers is a part of curriculum.
After completing this tutorial, you will find yourself at a moderate level of expertise in the knowledge of computer basics from where you can take yourself to the next level.
Prerequisites
Knowledge of computers is not a prerequisite to follow the contents of this tutorial. This tutorial assumes no background in Computers or Computer programming.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti SinhaComputer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha
Slide 2/17Chapter 10: Computer SoftwareRef Page
In this chapter you will learn about:
§ Term “Software” and its relationship with “Hardware”
§ Various types of software and their examples
§ Relationship among hardware, system software,
application software, and users of a computer system
§ Different ways of acquiring software
§ Various steps involved in software development
§ Firmware
§ Middleware
Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
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3. Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti SinhaComputer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha
Slide 3/17Chapter 10: Computer SoftwareRef Page
§ Hardware refers to the physical devices of a
computer system.
§ Software refers to a collection of programs
§ Program is a sequence of instructions written in a
language that can be understood by a computer
§ Software package is a group of programs that solve
a specific problem or perform a specific type of job
SoftwareSoftware
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4. Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti SinhaComputer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha
Slide 4/17Chapter 10: Computer SoftwareRef Page
Relationship Between Hardware and
Software
Relationship Between Hardware and
Software
§ Both hardware and software are necessary for a
computer to do useful job. They are complementary
to each other
§ Same hardware can be loaded with different software
to make a computer system perform different types
of jobs
§ Except for upgrades, hardware is normally a one-
time expense, whereas software is a continuing
expense
§ Upgrades refer to renewing or changing components
like increasing the main memory, or hard disk
capacities, or adding speakers, modems, etc.
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5. Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti SinhaComputer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha
Slide 5/17Chapter 10: Computer SoftwareRef Page
Types of SoftwareTypes of Software
Most software can be divided into two major categories:
§ System software are designed to control the
operation and extend the processing capability of a
computer system
§ Application software are designed to solve a
specific problem or to do a specific task
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6. Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti SinhaComputer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha
Slide 6/17Chapter 10: Computer SoftwareRef Page
§ Make the operation of a computer system more effective
and efficient
§ Help hardware components work together and provide
support for the development and execution of application
software
§ Programs included in a system software package are
called system programs and programmers who
prepare them are called system programmers
§ Examples of system software are operating systems,
programming language translators, utility programs, and
communications software
System SoftwareSystem Software
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7. Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti SinhaComputer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha
Slide 7/17Chapter 10: Computer SoftwareRef Page
§ Solve a specific problem or do a specific task
§ Programs included in an application software
package are called application programs and the
programmers who prepare them are called
application programmers
§ Examples of application software are word
processing, inventory management, preparation of
tax returns, banking, etc.
Application SoftwareApplication Software
174
8. Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti SinhaComputer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha
Slide 8/17Chapter 10: Computer SoftwareRef Page
Logical System ArchitectureLogical System Architecture
HARDWARE
(Physical devices/components
of the computer system)
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
(Software that constitute the operating and
programming environment of the computer system)
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
(Software that do a specific task or solve a specific problem)
USERS
(Normally interact with the system via the user
interface provided by the application software)
Relationship among hardware, system software, application software, and users of a
computer system.
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9. Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti SinhaComputer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha
Slide 9/17Chapter 10: Computer SoftwareRef Page
Ways of Acquiring SoftwareWays of Acquiring Software
§ Buying pre-written software
§ Ordering customized software
§ Developing customized software
§ Downloading public-domain software
Each of these ways of acquiring software has its own
advantages and limitations
176
10. Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti SinhaComputer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha
Slide 10/17Chapter 10: Computer SoftwareRef Page
Advantages and Limitations of
Buying Pre-written Software
Advantages and Limitations of
Buying Pre-written Software
§ Usually costs less
§ Planned activity can be stared almost immediately
§ Often, operating efficiency and the capability to meet
specific needs of user more effectively in not as good
for pre-written software packages as for in-house
developed software packages
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11. Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti SinhaComputer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha
Slide 11/17Chapter 10: Computer SoftwareRef Page
Advantages & Limitations of Ordering
Customized Software
Advantages & Limitations of Ordering
Customized Software
§ User need not maintain its own software development team,
which is an expensive affair
§ User needs to always depend on the vendor for carrying out
the changes and the vendor may separately charge for
every request for change
177
12. Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti SinhaComputer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha
Slide 12/17Chapter 10: Computer SoftwareRef Page
§ Easier to carry out changes in the software, if it is
developed in-house
§ Developing software in-house means a major
commitment of time, money, and resources
§ In-house software development team needs to be
maintained and managed
Advantages & Limitations of Developing
Customized Software
Advantages & Limitations of Developing
Customized Software
177
13. Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti SinhaComputer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha
Slide 13/17Chapter 10: Computer SoftwareRef Page
§ Available for free or as shareware, and are usually accompanied
with source code
§ Usually community-supported as author does not support users
directly
§ Can be downloaded and used immediately
§ They may not be properly tested before release
§ Open Source Software (OSS) are becoming popular due to:
§ Allows any user to download, view, modify, and redistribute
§ User can fix bugs or change software to suit needs
§ Copyright is protected for both original and subsequent
authors
§ Not all open source software are free and vise-verse
Advantage & Limitations of Downloading
Public-domain Software
Advantage & Limitations of Downloading
Public-domain Software
178
14. Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti SinhaComputer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha
Slide 14/17Chapter 10: Computer SoftwareRef Page
Software Development StepsSoftware Development Steps
Developing a software and putting it to use is a complex
process and involves following steps:
§ Analyzing the problem at hand and planning the
program(s) to solve the problem
§ Coding the program(s)
§ Testing, debugging, and documenting the program(s)
§ Implementing the program(s)
§ Evaluating and maintaining the program(s)
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15. Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti SinhaComputer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha
Slide 15/17Chapter 10: Computer SoftwareRef Page
FirmwareFirmware
§ Firmware is software substituted for hardware and stored
in read-only memory
§ Firmware technology has enabled production of various
types of smart machines having microprocessor chips
with embedded software
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16. Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti SinhaComputer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha
Slide 16/17Chapter 10: Computer SoftwareRef Page
MiddlewareMiddleware
§ Basic idea is to have a separate software layer to:
§ Act as “glue” between client and server parts of
application
§ Provide programming abstraction
§ Mask heterogeneity of underlying network, hardware,
and OS
§ Encourages three-tier software architecture against two-
tier popularized by Server-Client architecture
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