This document discusses logical database design and the relational model. It defines key concepts like relations, rows, columns, primary keys, and foreign keys. It explains how entity-relationship diagrams are transformed into relational schemas through mapping of entities, attributes, relationships and other constructs. The document also covers topics like integrity constraints, normalization, and the goals of normalization in eliminating anomalies and producing well-structured relations.
The document discusses logical database design and the relational model. It defines key concepts like relations, attributes, keys, and integrity constraints. It also covers how to map an entity-relationship diagram to a set of normalized relational tables by decomposing relations to eliminate anomalies. The goal of normalization is to avoid data duplication and inconsistencies through transformations like removing partial and transitive dependencies.
- The document discusses logical database design and the relational model. It defines key concepts like relations, attributes, keys, and normal forms.
- Relations are two-dimensional tables made up of rows and columns. Each relation must have a unique name and atomic attribute values.
- Primary keys uniquely identify rows and foreign keys link relations based on common attributes representing relationships.
- The document covers transforming entity-relationship diagrams into relational schemas through mapping of entities, attributes, relationships and ensuring normalization.
This chapter discusses logical database design and the relational model. It defines key terms like relation, attributes, keys, and integrity constraints. Relations are two-dimensional tables that correspond to entity types and relationships from an E-R diagram. The chapter describes how to transform E-R diagrams into relational tables, including how to map different entity types, relationships, and attributes. It also covers mapping constraints like referential integrity and normalizing relations.
The document describes the algorithm for mapping an ER or EER conceptual schema to a relational schema. It outlines 9 steps:
1. Regular entity types are mapped to relations, with their primary key attributes becoming the relation's primary key.
2. Weak entity types are mapped to relations, including their partial key and owner entity's primary key as a foreign key.
3. Binary 1:1 relationships are mapped using foreign keys or a merged/cross-reference relation.
4. Binary 1:N relationships use the N-side entity's relation and a foreign key.
5. Binary M:N relationships become a separate relation with the two entity relations' primary keys as foreign keys.
Logical database design and the relational model(database)welcometofacebook
The document discusses logical database design and the relational model, including transforming entity-relationship diagrams into relations through a process called normalization to eliminate data anomalies and achieve well-structured relations. It defines the relational data model, explains how to map entities and relationships to tables, and covers the three normal forms to validate and improve table structure through analysis of functional dependencies between attributes.
This chapter discusses key concepts for data modeling including entities, relationships, attributes, and E-R diagrams. It defines entities as objects with multiple instances and attributes in a database. Relationships can be unary, binary, or ternary and have cardinalities specifying how many entities are related. Attributes are properties of entities and relationships. The document provides examples of modeling different types of entities, relationships, and converting many-to-many relationships to associative entities. It also discusses modeling time-dependent data using timestamps.
This document outlines the algorithm for mapping an entity-relationship (EER) model to a relational database schema. It consists of 9 steps:
1) Regular entity types are mapped to relations with their attributes and a primary key.
2) Weak entity types are mapped to relations with owner keys as foreign keys.
3) Binary 1:1 relationships map to foreign keys or merged relations.
4) Binary 1:N relationships map relations with foreign keys.
5) Binary M:N relationships map to relations with foreign keys as primary keys.
6) Multivalued attributes map to relations with foreign keys.
7) N-ary relationships map to relations with foreign keys.
8)
This document discusses logical database design and the relational model. It defines key concepts like relations, rows, columns, primary keys, and foreign keys. It explains how entity-relationship diagrams are transformed into relational schemas through mapping of entities, attributes, relationships and other constructs. The document also covers topics like integrity constraints, normalization, and the goals of normalization in eliminating anomalies and producing well-structured relations.
The document discusses logical database design and the relational model. It defines key concepts like relations, attributes, keys, and integrity constraints. It also covers how to map an entity-relationship diagram to a set of normalized relational tables by decomposing relations to eliminate anomalies. The goal of normalization is to avoid data duplication and inconsistencies through transformations like removing partial and transitive dependencies.
- The document discusses logical database design and the relational model. It defines key concepts like relations, attributes, keys, and normal forms.
- Relations are two-dimensional tables made up of rows and columns. Each relation must have a unique name and atomic attribute values.
- Primary keys uniquely identify rows and foreign keys link relations based on common attributes representing relationships.
- The document covers transforming entity-relationship diagrams into relational schemas through mapping of entities, attributes, relationships and ensuring normalization.
This chapter discusses logical database design and the relational model. It defines key terms like relation, attributes, keys, and integrity constraints. Relations are two-dimensional tables that correspond to entity types and relationships from an E-R diagram. The chapter describes how to transform E-R diagrams into relational tables, including how to map different entity types, relationships, and attributes. It also covers mapping constraints like referential integrity and normalizing relations.
The document describes the algorithm for mapping an ER or EER conceptual schema to a relational schema. It outlines 9 steps:
1. Regular entity types are mapped to relations, with their primary key attributes becoming the relation's primary key.
2. Weak entity types are mapped to relations, including their partial key and owner entity's primary key as a foreign key.
3. Binary 1:1 relationships are mapped using foreign keys or a merged/cross-reference relation.
4. Binary 1:N relationships use the N-side entity's relation and a foreign key.
5. Binary M:N relationships become a separate relation with the two entity relations' primary keys as foreign keys.
Logical database design and the relational model(database)welcometofacebook
The document discusses logical database design and the relational model, including transforming entity-relationship diagrams into relations through a process called normalization to eliminate data anomalies and achieve well-structured relations. It defines the relational data model, explains how to map entities and relationships to tables, and covers the three normal forms to validate and improve table structure through analysis of functional dependencies between attributes.
This chapter discusses key concepts for data modeling including entities, relationships, attributes, and E-R diagrams. It defines entities as objects with multiple instances and attributes in a database. Relationships can be unary, binary, or ternary and have cardinalities specifying how many entities are related. Attributes are properties of entities and relationships. The document provides examples of modeling different types of entities, relationships, and converting many-to-many relationships to associative entities. It also discusses modeling time-dependent data using timestamps.
This document outlines the algorithm for mapping an entity-relationship (EER) model to a relational database schema. It consists of 9 steps:
1) Regular entity types are mapped to relations with their attributes and a primary key.
2) Weak entity types are mapped to relations with owner keys as foreign keys.
3) Binary 1:1 relationships map to foreign keys or merged relations.
4) Binary 1:N relationships map relations with foreign keys.
5) Binary M:N relationships map to relations with foreign keys as primary keys.
6) Multivalued attributes map to relations with foreign keys.
7) N-ary relationships map to relations with foreign keys.
8)
The document discusses how to transform an entity-relationship (ER) diagram into a set of relational tables by representing entities as tables, relationships as links between tables, and enforcing constraints like primary keys and foreign keys. Key steps include representing entities as tables with a primary key, relationships as links between tables with foreign keys, normalizing the tables, and merging the results. Constraints like primary keys must be unique and non-redundant, while foreign keys enforce referential integrity by linking to primary keys.
The document discusses entity-relationship (E-R) modeling concepts for database design. It defines entities, attributes, relationship sets, and keys. It describes how E-R diagrams visually represent entities, relationships, and attributes using shapes and connections. It also covers modeling concepts like cardinality constraints, participation constraints, and the choice between binary and non-binary relationships.
Note Database Chapter2-Part 1.pdf and presentationIqhwanKhairudin1
The document discusses the key concepts of the relational data model including relations, attributes, tuples, domains, keys, and integrity constraints. A relation is a table with columns and rows where each cell contains a single value. Attributes are the columns and tuples are the rows. Relations must have a unique name and attributes within a relation must be distinct. Keys such as the primary key and foreign keys are used to uniquely identify and link tuples between relations. Integrity constraints like entity integrity and referential integrity enforce rules about relationships between tuples.
This document provides an overview of database design concepts and processes. It defines key terms related to database design and explains the role of database design in the systems development process. The document outlines the logical and physical database design processes. Logical database design involves normalization to eliminate redundancies from relations. Physical database design involves mapping the logical design to database tables through choices about field formats, record structures, storage media, and access methods.
Unit 4 Design_a system analysis and design Designing Database.pdfSuryaBasnet3
This document provides an overview of database design, including logical and physical database design processes. It defines key terms like entities, relationships, normalization, and functional dependencies. The document explains how to transform an entity-relationship diagram into a set of normalized relations through several steps. These include representing entities and relationships as relations, and normalizing the relations. It also covers integrating relations from different views and resolving issues like synonyms and dependencies between non-key attributes. The physical design process includes choosing field storage formats and data types, and designing the database for efficient storage, retrieval and updating of data.
This document discusses mapping entities, relationships, and attributes from an ER diagram to tables in a relational database. It provides three rules for the mapping: 1) entity names become table names, 2) attributes become columns, and 3) relationships are mapped using foreign keys. Examples are given for mapping various model constructs like weak entities, one-to-one/many relationships, multivalued attributes, and specialization/generalization. The document also discusses options for mapping specialization hierarchies to multiple tables or a single table design.
This document provides an overview of entity-relationship (E-R) modeling concepts for database design. It defines key E-R modeling elements including entity sets, relationship sets, attributes, keys, and cardinality constraints. It also covers E-R diagram notation and more advanced concepts such as weak entity sets, generalization/specialization, and aggregation. The goal of E-R modeling is to represent the structure and semantics of an organization's data to facilitate database design.
The document outlines the steps for mapping an ER or EER model to a relational database schema. It discusses:
1. The 7 steps for mapping entity types, relationship types, attributes, and other constructs from an ER model to relations. This includes mapping entities, relationships, attributes, specializations/generalizations.
2. Additional steps 8 and 9 for mapping special constructs from an EER model like specialization/generalization and categories/union types. Various options for mapping these constructs are presented.
3. Examples are provided throughout to illustrate how each modeling construct in sample ER/EER diagrams would be mapped to relations and keys following the outlined steps. Figures show both the ER/EER
This document provides an overview of entity-relationship (ER) modeling concepts including entity sets, relationship sets, attributes, keys, ER diagrams, specialization, generalization, aggregation, and design issues. It defines core ER concepts like entities, relationships, and attributes. It describes how ER diagrams visually represent these concepts using symbols like rectangles for entities and diamonds for relationships. It also covers advanced topics such as weak entities, cardinalities, and converting non-binary relationships to binary form.
The document provides an overview of entity-relationship (E-R) modeling concepts including:
- Entity sets represent collections of real-world entities that share common properties
- Relationship sets define associations between entity sets
- Attributes provide additional information about entities and relationships
- Keys uniquely identify entities and relationships
- Cardinalities constrain how entities can participate in relationships
- E-R diagrams visually depict entity sets, attributes, relationships and constraints.
4 the relational data model and relational database constraintsKumar
The document discusses the relational data model and constraints in relational databases. It begins by defining key concepts in the relational model such as relations, tuples, attributes, domains and relation schemas. It then covers relational constraints including key constraints, entity integrity constraints, and referential integrity constraints. Examples are provided to illustrate these concepts and constraints. The chapter aims to provide an overview of the formal relational model and constraints that must hold in relational databases.
The document provides an overview of entity-relationship (ER) modeling concepts including:
- Entity sets represent collections of real-world objects or concepts that share common properties
- Relationship sets represent associations between entity sets
- ER diagrams use graphical symbols like rectangles, diamonds, and lines to represent entity sets, relationship sets, and attributes
- Mapping cardinalities define the number of entities in one set that can be associated with entities in another set through a relationship
- Keys uniquely identify entities and relationships and primary keys are selected from candidate keys
- The document discusses entity-relationship (E-R) modeling concepts including entity sets, relationship sets, attributes, keys, E-R diagrams, mapping cardinalities, and design issues when converting between binary and non-binary relationships.
- It provides examples of how to represent various relationship types like one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, and many-to-many using E-R diagrams with lines and arrows to show cardinality constraints.
- Guidelines are given for choosing between entity sets vs attributes and relationship sets, and converting non-binary relationships to binary form while preserving semantics.
The document provides an overview of entity-relationship (ER) modeling concepts including:
- Entity sets and relationship sets which form the basic constructs of an ER model
- Attributes, keys, and cardinality constraints which provide further details on entities and relationships
- ER diagrams which visually depict the ER model through graphical symbols
- Additional ER modeling features such as weak entities, specialization, and aggregation
The document concludes by discussing how an ER schema can be reduced to tables to represent the data in a relational database.
This document discusses normal forms for database relations. It begins by explaining how functional dependencies (FDs) between attributes are used to determine if a relation is in normal form. It then defines the different normal forms: first normal form (1NF), second normal form (2NF), third normal form (3NF), and Boyce-Codd normal form (BCNF). For each normal form, it provides the definition, examples of relations that satisfy or do not satisfy the normal form, and how to decompose relations into higher normal forms. The goal of normalization is to eliminate redundancy and anomalies from relations.
The document discusses various concepts in entity-relationship (E-R) modeling including: weak entity sets and how their primary keys are formed; reducing E-R diagrams to relational schemas; extended E-R features like specialization, generalization, and aggregation; and differences between E-R diagrams and UML class diagrams. Key symbols used in E-R notation are also summarized.
In software engineering, an entity–relationship model (ER model) is a data model for describing the data or information aspects of a business domain or its process requirements
Pokok Bahasan 06 ER-EER to Relational Mapping (1).pdfjefrifrans
1. The document describes the algorithm for mapping an ER/EER conceptual schema to a relational database schema. It involves 9 steps to map entity types, relationships, attributes, and other constructs to relations and foreign keys.
2. Key aspects include mapping entity types to relations, weak entities to relations with foreign keys, relationships to foreign keys or separate relations, and special constructs like generalization/specialization and multivalued attributes.
3. An example ER schema for a COMPANY database is mapped step-by-step to a relational schema following the algorithm.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
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