Chapter 8 Wadsworth - Thinking Critically
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Critical thinking is necessary to evaluate information effectively. It involves distinguishing facts from opinions, evaluating supporting evidence, and detecting bias. Facts can be proven true or false, while opinions are subjective judgments that can be supported by evidence from reliable sources. Not all information is accurate, as some writers have political or commercial biases and use emotionally charged language to influence readers regardless of the facts. Developing critical thinking skills allows one to analyze information rigorously and discern what is most important.
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50 Free Persuasive Essay Examples (+BEST Topics) ᐅ TemplateLab. Topics For Persuasive Essay For Grade 6 - VBATED. Examples Of Text Analysis Essay – Telegraph. Persuasive Argumentative Writing | Argument | Persuasion. Counter Argument Persuasive Essay Example. Good Persuasive Speech — What Is Persuasive Speech Writing and How to .... 013 Good Persuasive Essay Topics Example ~ Thatsnotus. Difference Between Argumentative and Persuasive Essay - Pediaa.Com. Persuasive speech topics argumentative essay. Top Argumentative Essay Topics for Students. 009 Essay Example Good Persuasive Topics For Middle School As Well .... 31 Persuasive Essay Topics • JournalBuddies.com. 8+ Argumentative Essay Examples. 018 Argumentative Persuasive Essay Topics ~ Thatsnotus. ⚡ List of argumentative speech topics. 613 Original Argumentative .... Check my Essay: Argumentative essay writing examples. Fun argumentative essay prompts / rcalvet.com. 10 Daring Persuasive Argumentative Essay Topics - Academic Writing Success. Argumentative Essay Prompts for High School Students. FREE 15+ Argumentative Essay Samples in PDF | MS Word.
Argument Persuasion Essay Topics.pdf
50 Free Persuasive Essay Examples (+BEST Topics) ᐅ TemplateLab. Topics For Persuasive Essay For Grade 6 - VBATED. Examples Of Text Analysis Essay – Telegraph. Persuasive Argumentative Writing | Argument | Persuasion. Counter Argument Persuasive Essay Example. Good Persuasive Speech — What Is Persuasive Speech Writing and How to .... 013 Good Persuasive Essay Topics Example ~ Thatsnotus. Difference Between Argumentative and Persuasive Essay - Pediaa.Com. Persuasive speech topics argumentative essay. Top Argumentative Essay Topics for Students. 009 Essay Example Good Persuasive Topics For Middle School As Well .... 31 Persuasive Essay Topics • JournalBuddies.com. 8+ Argumentative Essay Examples. 018 Argumentative Persuasive Essay Topics ~ Thatsnotus. ⚡ List of argumentative speech topics. 613 Original Argumentative .... Check my Essay: Argumentative essay writing examples. Fun argumentative essay prompts / rcalvet.com. 10 Daring Persuasive Argumentative Essay Topics - Academic Writing Success. Argumentative Essay Prompts for High School Students. FREE 15+ Argumentative Essay Samples in PDF | MS Word.
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Chapter 8 Wadsworth - Thinking Critically
- 1. Critical Thinking is necessary to be successful in college, careers, and life. The ability to think critically allows one to test and evaluate the validity of information and to distinguish what is important and relevant vs. what is trivial, irrelevant and even illogical. Especially in this interconnected world of instant information and gratification, to sift through the “fluff” and outright deception is important.
- 2. Not all information is true, accurate, or factual, and some writers or companies have a Biased agenda, be it political, commercial or another bias. Often, Emotionally charged language may be used to “get a response” or a specific Outcome whether the information is true or not.
- 3. 1. Distinguishing Fact from Opinion. 2. Evaluating Supporting Evidence. 3. Detecting Bias. Fact vs. Opinion What is a Fact? (102 Wadsworth) What is an Absolute Truth? What is an Opinion? (102). What does “Supported” vs. “Unsupported” Opinion mean? Are Supported Opinions Facts? What are three ways to Support Opinions? (103).
- 4. Evaluating Supporting Evidence All Evidence – no matter what kind – must be Reliable, Sufficient, Representative, and Relevant. Who wrote it? What are their credentials? Is it considered valid/reliable in a particular field of study? Does it have factual errors or even grammar errors/typos? Does it seem fair (non-Biased)? Is the information documented? Why is Wikipedia a good example? Is the evidence sufficient: does it have an adequate amount of information? Does it come from more than one source? No matter how valid or reputable an Expert Opinion is, more than one person/source should be included.
- 5. “Evidence is representative if it reflects a fair range of sources and viewpoints. Writers should not just choose evidence that supports their position and ignore evidence that does not” (Kirszner and Mandell 106). Don’t’ allow Biases to govern choices of evidence. Finally, evidence should be relevant – it must specifically apply to the subject being discussed (see example pg. 105 top). Also, it must be current to be relevant as well. For example, if writing an argument about crime in the United States, don’t use statistics from the 1980s or 1990s to support your claim, unless you are comparing crime rates over the decades.
- 6. Detecting Bias “…the tendency to base conclusions on emotions or preconceived ideas [stereotypes] rather than on evidence (105). Close-Up: Detecting Bias The Writer’s Stated Beliefs Sexist or Racist Language Slanted Language Biased Tone Biased Choice of Evidence Biased Choice of Experts Examples of Bias in the media and News outlets?