Neutralization is the reaction between an acid and a base that produces a salt and water. During neutralization, the hydrogen ions from the acid react with the hydroxide ions from the base. Titration is used to determine the endpoint of neutralization by adding small amounts of acid or base until the solution is neutral with a pH of 7. Neutralization has many applications in daily life, such as using toothpaste to neutralize acid in the mouth, hair conditioner to neutralize alkaline shampoo, and vinegar or baking soda to treat bee stings and insect bites.

1. Chapter 6: Acid and Alkali
Prepared by:
Pn. Syamimi Othman
SMJK Chung Ling, Penang

2. Neutralisation
1. Neutralisation is the reaction between acid and alkali produces salt and water.
2. Titration is a process of adding
the correct amount of an acid to
alkali to get a neutral solution.
3. At neutral point, acid reacts
completely with alkali and the
solution produced do not show any
acid or alkali properties and it is
pH 7.

3. Neutralisation
acid + alkali  salt + water
• The word equation for the neutralisation is as below:
• Example:
• Hydrochloric acid + Sodium hydroxide  Sodium chloride + water
• Sulphuric acid + Potassium hydroxide  Potassium sulphate + water
• Nitric acid + Calcium hydroxide  Calcium nitrate + water

4. Neutralisation

5. Neutralisation

6. Neutralisation

7. Neutralisation

8. Applications of Neutralisation in Daily Life
(a)
Toothpaste contains alkali which neutralises
acid in the mouth due to the action of
bacteria to prevent tooth decay.
(b)
Hair conditioner contains acid which neutralises
the alkaline shampoo so that hair become smooth,
shiny and healthy.

9. Applications of Neutralisation in Daily Life
(c)
Fabric softener has acidic properties which
reduces the pH value of fabric which become
alkaline due to the use of detergent powder.
(d)
Acidic soil can be treated by adding slaked lime
(calcium hydroxide) which is alkaline in order for
plants to grow well.

10. Applications of Neutralisation in Daily Life
(e)
Quicklime (calcium oxide) is used to treat
acidic substances from the factory before
being discarded.
(f)
Vinegar is used to treat wasps’ stings which are
alkaline.

11. Applications of Neutralisation in Daily Life
(g)
Bicarbonate powder is used to treat bee stings
and ants’ bites which is acidic.
(h)
Compost from rotting plants are added to alkaline
soil. The rotting plants release acidic carbon
dioxide gas which then neutralize the soil.

12. Make Your Own pH Indicator Using Red Cabbage
• Red cabbage contains a chemical called anthocyanin that changes color
depending on the acidity of its environment.
https://youtu.be/PYYowXOEZZE

13. Do Formative Practice 6.2,
Summative Practice 6 &
HOTS Mastery 6