Different types of Authority

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Chapter 5
Sources of Authority

2. Chapter 5 Coverage
Lesson 1 Reasoning
Lesson 3 Authority of One’s Religion
Lesson 4 Authority of One’s Culture
01
02
03

3. Lesson 1 Reasoning
ETHICS

4. Insert the title of your subtitle Here

5. GROUPISM
1
Natural feeling
I am a part of a group. I am supp
osed to help this group become
better. I am also supposed to co
mpete with other groups.
2
Reasoning
Being part of a herd made it easi
er for us ancestors to survive in t
he wild. There were so many sur
vival benefits that belonging to a
group brought.
3Ethical viewpoint
Help the group. Help other group
s too. There is no compelling rea
son to compete in today’s times
of people.

6. PATRIOTISM
1
Natural feeling
I was born in a place. I am supp
osed to help people in the geogr
aphical vicinity around me. Ther
e are human-decided borders th
at definite my country. Those out
side the border don’t deserve th
at much attention as those insid
e the border do.
2
Reasoning
Patriotism is groupism in a highe
r scale. Most borders were draw
n for political benefits by a small
group of individuals running that
country.
3
Ethical viewpoint
Wars are always bad. There is no re
ason to be proud of your country just
because you were born in it. It is oka
y to be in your country because you
are used to it. But it is also okay to
move to other countries and help tho
se countries.

7. DUNBAR’S NUMBER
1
Natural feeling
I cannot maintain more than 150
stable relationships.
2
Reasoning
Our brains have limited capacity
and it becomes mentally hard to
maintain relationships.
3
Ethical viewpoint
Acceding to the Dunbar’s number pr
omotes Groupism. Just as we pushe
d ourselves to become better human
s, we should also try to push the Du
nbar number limit further. Accepting t
hat all life forms in this world (and ou
tside the world if life exists) are part
of the same group counters the neg
ative effects of Groupism.

8. NEGATIVE FEELINGS TO CONTENT ON SOCIAL
NETWORKS
1
Natural feeling
I hate what’s being posted on Facebook
. They are just stupid selfies, people glo
ating their achievements or just distracti
ng unproductive content.
2
Reasoning
Many of us have been taught to com
pete with others since our childhood.
We tend to compare ourselves with o
thers. We don’t like selfies because t
hey are attention-seeking and we loo
k down upon those who seek attentio
n. Distracting, unproductive content i
s noise to us and we cannot handle
much noise in our daily lives.
3
Ethical viewpoint
We don’t have to compete with our frie
nds. We can applaud their life achieve
ments without comparing our lives with
theirs. We don’t have to look down upo
n those who seek attention.

9. TEACHER’S INSIGHT
It is easy to give in to our feelings. An analogy would be with
unhealthy foods. It is easy to choose unhealthy foods because th
ey are tasty and easy to prepare. But we hit the gym, avoid thos
e foods and exercise because we want to become better individu
als. Similarly, we can take the ethical route, avoid negative feelin
gs and exercise those reactions because we want to become bet
ter individuals.

10. Self-Reflection:
Answer the following as best as you can. Please wri
te your answers in your notebook and place the dat
e of your accomplishment.
In the overall aspect of your life as a student, son or da
ughter and as a citizen of the country, in a scale of 1 to
3, unto what number represents your scale of being ethi
cal? Have you ever been ethical? If not, what pushed y
ou to do an unethical thing? Explain your answer briefly
in 100 words.

11. LESSON 2 Authority of th
e law
ETHICS

12. Law is defined as a rule of action
or a principle of conduct which directs things
towards a definite goal.
Authority of the law

13. Authority of the law
“Law is an ordinance of re
ason promulgated for the commo
n good by one who is in-charge o
f community or society.” – St. Th
omas Aquinas
Law is an ordinance.
Law is promulgate
d for the common good
. This
Law is an ordinan
ce of reason.
Law must come fr
om one who has charg
e or care of community
or society.
Law is promulgate
d.

14. Lesson 3 Authority of one’s Religion
ETHICS

15. Religion
Religion is based in some
measure on the idea that
God (or some deity) reveal
s insights about life and its
true meaning. These insig
hts are collected in texts (
Bible, Torah, Koran etc.) a
nd presented as “revelatio
n”.

16. Ethics
Ethics, from a strictly hum
anistic perspective, is base
d on the tenets of reason:
Anything that is not rationa
lly verifiable cannot be con
sidered justifiable.

17. “The link between religion
and morality is best illustrated
by the Golden Rule.”

18. RELIGION AND ETHICS IN
DECISION MAKING

19. Lesson 4 Authority of One’s Culture

20. Culture
Culture is derived from th
e Latin word “cultura” or
“cultus” which means car
e or cultivation. Culture as
cultivation implies that eve
ry human being is a potent
ial member of his own soci
al group.

21. Culture
Culture is a social environ
ment in which a person is
born and wherein he/she li
ves together with other per
sons.

22. Culture
Culture is a person’s social
heritage that has been pas
sed from one generation to
the next basically through t
he relationship that binds t
he society together.

23. Culture
culture functions to mold a
nd establish a social identit
y that brings people as wel
l to the knowledge of com
mon objectives which me
mbers would try to achieve
. Culture, indeed provides
norms, customs, laws and
moral demands that are to
be followed.

24. Law is defined as a rule of action
or a principle of conduct which directs things
towards a definite goal.
Authority of the law
Self-Reflection:
Based from your readings of the above notes, answer
the following as best as you can. Please COMMENT
your answers in your notebook and place the date of
your accomplishment.
1. Give one Filipino cultural practice that should
never be tolerated and why?. 10 points

25. Thank you
STAY SAFE AND GOD BLESS!
TO ALL MY STUDENTS
COMMENT THIS CODE (I AM BLESSED)
FOR YOUR 3 POINTs! To be added in your quiz.