First half of a slideshow prepared for a series of lectures on Marxism for PS 240 Introduction to Political Theory at the University of Kentucky, Fall 2007. Dr. Christopher S. Rice, Lecturer.
A presentation about socialism, a political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.
First half of a slideshow prepared for a series of lectures on Marxism for PS 240 Introduction to Political Theory at the University of Kentucky, Fall 2007. Dr. Christopher S. Rice, Lecturer.
A presentation about socialism, a political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.
Class struggle By Karl Marx ppt
presentation on Karl marx theory class struggle.
definition, stages, types. and criticism.
classical sociological theory
Lecture I developed directly after the attacks of 9-11-2001 at Washington & Lee University while teaching the History of Economic Thought course and specifically the Marxian critique of capitalism.
The theory that was made by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels during the Industrial Revolution. In that period, there were many inventions of machines. As a result, the men's work had been easier and better. Accordingly, the concept of Capitalism was born. However, it had consequences in the society.
Class struggle By Karl Marx ppt
presentation on Karl marx theory class struggle.
definition, stages, types. and criticism.
classical sociological theory
Lecture I developed directly after the attacks of 9-11-2001 at Washington & Lee University while teaching the History of Economic Thought course and specifically the Marxian critique of capitalism.
The theory that was made by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels during the Industrial Revolution. In that period, there were many inventions of machines. As a result, the men's work had been easier and better. Accordingly, the concept of Capitalism was born. However, it had consequences in the society.
Part II American Business and Its BasisChapter 4 The.docxdanhaley45372
Part II: American Business and Its Basis
Chapter 4: The Nature of Capitalism
Chapter 5: Corporations
*
This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law:
• any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network;
• preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images;
• any rental, lease, or lending of the program.
Chapter Four:
The Nature of Capitalism
*
*
Overview
Chapter Four examines the following topics:Historical stages and implications of capitalismKey features of capitalism, including competition, companies, profit, and propertyTwo classical justifications of capitalismFundamental criticisms of capitalism, including inequality, poverty, and worker exploitationEconomic challenges, including the decline of manufacturing, outsourcing, and work attitudes
Moral Issues in Business
Chapter 4
*
Introduction
Basic historical and conceptual categories are presented for understanding the socioeconomic framework within which business transactions occur and moral issues ariseMoral problems related to the free enterprise system and capitalism are identifiedHow can capitalism increase wealth without creating moral issues? Does capitalism enhance societies, or tarnish them?
Moral Issues in Business
Chapter 4
*
Capitalism
Capitalism: An economic system in which the major portion of production and distribution is in private hands, operating under what is termed a “profit” or “market” systemSocialism: The polar opposite of capitalism, an economic system characterized by public ownership of property and a planned economyWorker control socialism: A hybrid market-oriented socialism
Moral Issues in Business
Chapter 4
*
Capitalism
Capitalism has historically evolved from the Renaissance through several stages – mercantile, industrial, financial, and state welfare. Many believe we are now at a new stage, globalized capitalism, involving reliance upon foreign labor and services, joint ventures in overseas companies, outsourcing, etc.Capitalism is constantly changing as new socio-economic and political conditions arise.
Moral Issues in Business
Chapter 4
*
Key Features of CapitalismCompanies: Capitalism permits the creation of companies or business organizations that exist separately from the people associated with them.Profit motive: The profit motive implies a critical assumption about human nature – that human beings are economic creatures who recognize and are motivated by their own monetary interests.
Moral Issues in Business
Chapter 4
*
Key Features of Capitalism
Competition: In his famous treatise on political economy, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776), Adam Smith explained how free competition makes individual pursuit of self-interest socially beneficial.Private property: Capitalism requires pri.
Chapter Four:
The Nature of Capitalism
1
1
Wells Fargo fined $185M for fake accounts; 5,300 were fired
An analysis by the San Francisco-headquartered bank found that its employees opened more than two million deposit and credit card accounts that may not have been authorized by consumers, the officials said.
Many of the transfers ran up fees or other charges for the customers, even as they helped employees make incentive goals.
2
2
Capitalism
Capitalism: An economic system in which the major portion of production and distribution is in private hands, operating under what is termed a “profit” or “market” system
Socialism: The polar opposite of capitalism, an economic system characterized by public ownership of property and a planned economy
Worker control socialism: A hybrid market-oriented socialism
5
Introduction to Capitalism
Capitalism
Capitalism has historically evolved from the Renaissance through several stages – mercantile, industrial, financial, and state welfare.
Many believe we are now at a new stage, globalized capitalism, involving reliance upon foreign labor and services, joint ventures in overseas companies, outsourcing, etc.
Capitalism is constantly changing as new socio-economic and political conditions arise.
7
Key Features of Capitalism
Companies: Capitalism permits the creation of companies or business organizations that exist separately from the people associated with them.
Profit motive: The profit motive implies a critical assumption about human nature – that human beings are economic creatures who recognize and are motivated by their own monetary interests.
8
Capitalist Model - (Free-Market System)
A free market is one that is not controlled either by government or by any small group of individuals.
In a free market, government does not:
set the price of goods
set wages or
control production.
Competition is also vital to a free-market system.
To try to achieve greater returns on investment, perhaps by taking more risk, resources must be free to move within the system to whichever portion of it someone believes will bring the greatest return.
Key Features of Capitalism
Competition: In his famous treatise on political economy, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776), Adam Smith explained how free competition makes individual pursuit of self-interest socially beneficial.
Private property: Capitalism requires private ownership of the major means of production (factories, warehouses, offices, machines, trucking fleets, land, etc.)
10
Moral Justifications of Capitalism
The natural right to property: One basic defense of capitalism rests on a supposed natural moral right to property.
Utilitarians deny the existence of such rights.
Other critics doubt that this right entitles one to have a system of property rules and regulations identical to the one we now have in ...
CHAPTER 4The Nature of CapitalismLearning ObjectivesTaunyaCoffman887
CHAPTER 4
The Nature of Capitalism
Learning Objectives
After completing this chapter students should be able to:
Think critically about the ethical underpinnings of capitalism, its history and evolution, positive and
negative aspects, and alternative economic systems.
Understand the mechanics and morality of each of the four features of capitalism—the existence of
companies, profit, competition, and private property.
Review the political, economic, and philosophical challenges to the capitalist economic model
especially with regard to the role of government.
Articulate and contrast the economic philosophies of Adam Smith and Karl Marx.
Apply moral philosophies prescriptively to some of the theoretical and operational challenges facing
capitalism and capitalist economies today.
Glossary
1. alienation: Becoming a stranger to humanity—one's own humanity and the humanity of others.
Dehumanization and demonization can be considered to be forms of alienation when we no longer
appreciate the reality of others being “humans” or “people.” Karl Marx argues that capitalism
causes people to lose an understanding of what it means to be human and they no longer see
themselves or others as being fully human. For example, exploitation is when a capitalist sees her
workers as being a “means to her ends.” They are to be “used” by her to make a profit and their
needs are not important to her.
2. capitalism: An economic system where people complete to make a profit and the ownership of the
means of production (resources and machines) are mainly owned by “the private sector” rather than
the government.
3. corporate welfare: Subsidies (money and resources) given to corporations from the government.
4. economic system: The way a society organizes business and money, such as capitalism,
communism, socialism, and feudalism. Economic systems should be distinguished from systems of
government.
5. free market: An economy without government interference (other than to protect people's property,
contracts, and right to noninjury).
6. invisible hand: The force that moves a free market in mutually beneficial ways. Adam smith's
invisible hand argument states that a free market among well-informed, profit-seeking individuals
can lead to mutually-beneficial behavior—low prices for quality products. (The assumption is that
the people involved are rational and informed.) People will be productive and enrich society as a
result.
7. natural rights: Rights are moral entitlements that obligate others. If I have a right to life, then
others are obligated not to kill me. Natural rights are rights we have regardless of our contracts or
agreements. Some philosophers have argued that capitalism is justified because of our natural right
to property—it's our right to own the world's resources and machines required for an industry.
8. socialism: An economic system where the means of production are primarily owned and controlled
by the go ...
CHAPTER 4The Nature of CapitalismLearning ObjectivesWilheminaRossi174
CHAPTER 4
The Nature of Capitalism
Learning Objectives
After completing this chapter students should be able to:
Think critically about the ethical underpinnings of capitalism, its history and evolution, positive and
negative aspects, and alternative economic systems.
Understand the mechanics and morality of each of the four features of capitalism—the existence of
companies, profit, competition, and private property.
Review the political, economic, and philosophical challenges to the capitalist economic model
especially with regard to the role of government.
Articulate and contrast the economic philosophies of Adam Smith and Karl Marx.
Apply moral philosophies prescriptively to some of the theoretical and operational challenges facing
capitalism and capitalist economies today.
Glossary
1. alienation: Becoming a stranger to humanity—one's own humanity and the humanity of others.
Dehumanization and demonization can be considered to be forms of alienation when we no longer
appreciate the reality of others being “humans” or “people.” Karl Marx argues that capitalism
causes people to lose an understanding of what it means to be human and they no longer see
themselves or others as being fully human. For example, exploitation is when a capitalist sees her
workers as being a “means to her ends.” They are to be “used” by her to make a profit and their
needs are not important to her.
2. capitalism: An economic system where people complete to make a profit and the ownership of the
means of production (resources and machines) are mainly owned by “the private sector” rather than
the government.
3. corporate welfare: Subsidies (money and resources) given to corporations from the government.
4. economic system: The way a society organizes business and money, such as capitalism,
communism, socialism, and feudalism. Economic systems should be distinguished from systems of
government.
5. free market: An economy without government interference (other than to protect people's property,
contracts, and right to noninjury).
6. invisible hand: The force that moves a free market in mutually beneficial ways. Adam smith's
invisible hand argument states that a free market among well-informed, profit-seeking individuals
can lead to mutually-beneficial behavior—low prices for quality products. (The assumption is that
the people involved are rational and informed.) People will be productive and enrich society as a
result.
7. natural rights: Rights are moral entitlements that obligate others. If I have a right to life, then
others are obligated not to kill me. Natural rights are rights we have regardless of our contracts or
agreements. Some philosophers have argued that capitalism is justified because of our natural right
to property—it's our right to own the world's resources and machines required for an industry.
8. socialism: An economic system where the means of production are primarily owned and controlled
by the go ...
Economic Systems: Socialism and Capitalism Essay
Economic System And Economic Systems
Economic Systems: Capitalism Essay
Capitalism And The Economic System Essay
Economic System
Economic Systems
The Economic System of South Africa
Essay about Comparative Economic Systems
Economic System Advantages And Disadvantages
Economic Systems And Economic System
Assignment on Economic System
What Is Economic System
Essay about Comparative Economic Systems
The Basics Of Canadas Mixed Economic System
Command Economic System
Major Economic System Analysis
Socialism
Economic Systems Essay
Advantages And Disadvantages Of Economic Systems
Types of Economies content slideshow. Designed for the Economic A level qualification. Can be used in revision and in class.
Subtopics
Free Market Economies
Command Economies
Mixed Economies
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2. Overview
Chapter Four examines the following topics:
(1) Historical stages and implications of capitalism.
(2) Key features of capitalism, including competition, companies, profit,
and property.
(3) Two classical justifications of capitalism.
(4) Fundamental criticisms of capitalism, including inequality, poverty, and
worker exploitation.
(5) Economic challenges, including the decline of manufacturing,
outsourcing, and work attitudes.
3. Introduction
Basic historical and conceptual categories are presented for
understanding the socioeconomic framework within which
business transactions occur and moral issues arise.
Moral problems related to the free enterprise system and
capitalism are identified.
How can capitalism increase wealth without creating moral issues?
Does capitalism enhance societies, or tarnish them?
4. Capitalism
Capitalism: An economic system in which the major portion of
production and distribution is in private hands, operating
under what is termed a “profit” or “market” system.
Socialism: The polar opposite of capitalism, an economic
system characterized by public ownership of property and a
planned economy
Worker control socialism: A hybrid market-oriented socialism.
5. Capitalism
Capitalism has historically evolved from the Renaissance
through several stages – mercantile, industrial, financial, and
state welfare.
Many believe we are now at a new stage, globalized capitalism,
involving reliance upon foreign labor and services, joint
ventures in overseas companies, outsourcing, etc.
Capitalism is constantly changing as new socio-economic and
political conditions arise.
6. Key Features of Capitalism
Companies: Capitalism permits the creation of companies or
business organizations that exist separately from the people
associated with them.
Profit motive: The profit motive implies a critical assumption about
human nature – that human beings are economic creatures who
recognize and are motivated by their own monetary interests.
7. Key Features of Capitalism
Competition: In his famous treatise on political economy, An Inquiry
into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776), Adam
Smith explained how free competition makes individual pursuit of
self-interest socially beneficial.
Private property: Capitalism requires private ownership of the
major means of production (factories, warehouses, offices,
machines, trucking fleets, land, etc.)
8. Moral Justifications of Capitalism
The natural right to property: One basic defense of capitalism rests
on a supposed natural moral right to property.
Utilitarians deny the existence of such rights.
Other critics doubt that this right entitles one to have a system of
property rules and regulations identical to the one we now have in
the U.S.
9. Moral Justifications of Capitalism
Adam Smith’s concept of the invisible hand: In his Wealth of
Nations, Smith argues that when people are free to pursue their
own economic interests, they will, without intending it, produce
the greatest good for all.
His argument rests on the premise that human beings are
acquisitive and have a natural propensity for trading.
10. Moral Justifications of Capitalism
Adam Smith’s concept of the invisible hand – the law of supply and
demand: Smith argued that a market left to itself is regulated by
the mechanism of supply and demand.
The high demand for certain types of goods in one area of the
market will eventually by offset by supply in another area.
The law of supply and demand is equally applicable to the standard
of wages.
11. Criticisms of Capitalism
Two types of criticism: Critics raise both theoretical and
operational objections to capitalism.
(1) Theoretical criticisms challenge capitalism’s fundamental values,
basic assumptions, or inherent economic tendencies.
(2) Operational criticisms focus more on capitalism’s failure to live up
to its own economic ideals.
12. Criticisms of Capitalism
Inequality: Critics argue that poverty and inequality challenge the
fairness of capitalism and its claim to advance the interests of all.
Defenders of capitalism respond in three ways:
(1) By blaming government for interfering with the market.
(2) By arguing that the capitalist system can be internally modified by
political action.
(3) By arguing that the benefits of the system outweigh its weak
points.
13. Criticisms of Capitalism
Human nature and capitalism:
(1) Capitalism wrongly assumes that human beings are rational
economic maximizers.
(2) Capitalism offers us no higher sense of human purpose.
(3) Capitalism operates on the assumption that human beings find
increased well-being through ever greater material consumption.
14. Criticisms of Capitalism
Competition isn’t what it’s cracked up to be:
(1) Capitalism breeds oligopolies – concentrations of property and
resources (and thus economic power) in the hands of a few.
(2) Corporate welfare programs often shelter businesses from
competition.
(3) Critics contend that cooperation, rather than competition, leads to
better individual and group performance.
15. Criticisms of Capitalism
Exploitation and alienation: Karl Marx argued that as the means of
production become concentrated in the hands of the few, the
balance of power between capitalists (bourgeoisie) and laborers
(proletariat) tips further in favor of the bourgeoisie.
Because workers have nothing to sell but their labor, the
bourgeoisie is able to exploit them by paying them less than the
true value created by their labor.
16. Criticisms of Capitalism
Exploitation and alienation: In his “Economic and Philosophic
Manuscripts” (1944), Marx explains the notion of alienation as the
separation of individuals from the objects of their creativity.
This separation in turn results in one’s separation from other
people, from oneself, and ultimately from one’s human nature.
17. Today’s Economic Challenges
The decline of American manufacturing: Whereas manufacturing
accounted for 27 percent of GDP in the mid-1960s, it has fallen to
about half that.
For the first time since the Industrial Revolution, manufacturing
employs less than 10 percent of the U.S. workforce.
In 2007, the number of factory jobs hit a fifty-seven-year low.
Critics worry whether the U.S. can prosper without a strong
manufacturing base.
18. Today’s Economic Challenges
Outsourcing jobs: Since the 1980s, many U.S. manufacturers have closed
or curtailed their operations and becoming marketing organizations for
other producers, usually foreign.
The result is the evolution into a new kind of company, one that does
little or no manufacturing.
The firm may perform a host of profit-making functions, but lacks its
own production base.
Instead, it outsources, buying parts or whole products from other
producers, both at home and abroad.
19. Today’s Economic Challenges
Outsourcing jobs: Over 1.3 million manufacturing jobs have moved
abroad since 1992.
Outsourcing has affects white-collar jobs.
About 54 percent of the 1,000 largest U.S. companies outsourcing or planning to
outsource white-collar jobs.
At least 300,000 white-collar jobs may flow overseas every year through 2015.
This would mean a total loss of 3.4 million jobs.
20. Today’s Economic Challenges
Economists disagree about whether outsourcing benefits America
overall.
Some economists argue that the economy is hurt by the massive
job losses that result.
Some economists argue that a country should produce for the
world market those goods in which it has a competitive advantage.
21. Today’s Economic Challenges
The U.S. trade deficit: America today imports twice as much
merchandise as it exports.
Our relentlessly growing trade deficit is now over $700 billion
annually, equivalent to almost 6 percent of GDP.
With this deficit the country’s reliance on foreign borrowing has
increased, and foreign creditors now provide two-thirds of
America’s net domestic investment.
Today we owe the rest of the world about $3 trillion—twice what
we owed in 2000.
22. Today’s Economic Challenges
Changing attitudes toward work: Americans now work 20 percent more
than in 1970.
But the American work ethic is disappearing:
(1) Only one in three persons believes that hard work pays off in the end.
(2) People are less interested in work than in looking out for themselves.
(3) With increased education, we are rearranging their ideas about what we
want from life.
(4) Work should provide opportunity for self-improvement, and exercise of
autonomy.