This document discusses topics related to production and operations management, including inventory management, material requirements planning, just-in-time systems, and quality management. It provides an overview of different inventory types and functions. It also covers economic order quantity calculations and discusses how to minimize total inventory costs. Other sections explain material requirements planning systems and the concepts of just-in-time. Quality management topics include quality circles, statistical process control, Six Sigma, and continuous improvement methods.
The document discusses various study methods and strategies for improving learning and memory recall. Some of the key methods mentioned include creating acronyms and acrostics to help remember facts, using the PRWR method of previewing, reading, writing notes, and reciting material, making flashcards, forming study groups, and taking practice exams. Regularly reviewing notes, homework, and material is emphasized as an important part of the study process.
The document discusses emerging trends in the fashion retailing market in India. It notes that the domestic apparel market is growing at a 9% CAGR annually and corporatized retail now accounts for 19% of apparel sales. Retail formats like malls and lifestyle stores are popular as are online and mobile channels. Challenges include infrastructure issues, high real estate costs, and a lack of trained retail staff. Emerging trends include increased omni-channel retailing, personalized in-store experiences, greater technology integration, and growth in mobile retail. Deeper consumer insights and supply chain improvements will also be important for retailers.
This document summarizes Dean Shareski's presentation at the Bucks Lehigh EduSummit on August 12, 2014 about the classroom of the future. The presentation discusses how learning has changed with increased access to information online and the need to rethink traditional classroom structures and assessments. It also emphasizes fostering student joy, engagement, and creativity through personalized learning experiences.
Time study is a work measurement technique used to establish the time required for a qualified worker to complete a specified job at a defined performance level. It involves breaking down jobs into individual elements, observing and timing each element, and analyzing the data to set standard times. The standard times account for allowances to determine the total time a worker should take when average conditions and methods are used. Work sampling is a related technique that uses random observations to determine the percentage of time workers or machines spend on different activities.
A case study on productivity improvement of wearing insert and cutting ringIJECSJournal
The objective of this paper is to present case study on a wearing insert and cutting ring for the efficient improvements in productivity with the help of various work Study Methods. In this study productivity is improved through identifying the process that involves the time required for the process as the main reason to achieve the objectives of increasing the productivity. Time and motion study is one of the necessary factors to set a standard target. The study is aimed at identifying the unwanted work processes which in turn increases the time required, efforts as well as the cost of the product. Thus the changes were made in the areas which require improving using work study methods.
This document discusses concepts related to production planning and control, work study, and time study. It provides definitions and explanations of key terms:
- Production planning and control facilitates optimal capacity utilization, inventory control, production time efficiency, and quality assurance. It involves planning, routing, scheduling, loading, dispatching, follow up, inspection, and corrective measures.
- Work study aims to find the most efficient use of resources through analyzing work methods. It includes method study to evaluate and standardize work processes, and work measurement including time study to establish time standards.
- Time study techniques measure times of job elements under specified conditions to determine the time needed at a defined performance rate, through stopwatch observation, normal
This document discusses topics related to production and operations management, including inventory management, material requirements planning, just-in-time systems, and quality management. It provides an overview of different inventory types and functions. It also covers economic order quantity calculations and discusses how to minimize total inventory costs. Other sections explain material requirements planning systems and the concepts of just-in-time. Quality management topics include quality circles, statistical process control, Six Sigma, and continuous improvement methods.
The document discusses various study methods and strategies for improving learning and memory recall. Some of the key methods mentioned include creating acronyms and acrostics to help remember facts, using the PRWR method of previewing, reading, writing notes, and reciting material, making flashcards, forming study groups, and taking practice exams. Regularly reviewing notes, homework, and material is emphasized as an important part of the study process.
The document discusses emerging trends in the fashion retailing market in India. It notes that the domestic apparel market is growing at a 9% CAGR annually and corporatized retail now accounts for 19% of apparel sales. Retail formats like malls and lifestyle stores are popular as are online and mobile channels. Challenges include infrastructure issues, high real estate costs, and a lack of trained retail staff. Emerging trends include increased omni-channel retailing, personalized in-store experiences, greater technology integration, and growth in mobile retail. Deeper consumer insights and supply chain improvements will also be important for retailers.
This document summarizes Dean Shareski's presentation at the Bucks Lehigh EduSummit on August 12, 2014 about the classroom of the future. The presentation discusses how learning has changed with increased access to information online and the need to rethink traditional classroom structures and assessments. It also emphasizes fostering student joy, engagement, and creativity through personalized learning experiences.
Time study is a work measurement technique used to establish the time required for a qualified worker to complete a specified job at a defined performance level. It involves breaking down jobs into individual elements, observing and timing each element, and analyzing the data to set standard times. The standard times account for allowances to determine the total time a worker should take when average conditions and methods are used. Work sampling is a related technique that uses random observations to determine the percentage of time workers or machines spend on different activities.
A case study on productivity improvement of wearing insert and cutting ringIJECSJournal
The objective of this paper is to present case study on a wearing insert and cutting ring for the efficient improvements in productivity with the help of various work Study Methods. In this study productivity is improved through identifying the process that involves the time required for the process as the main reason to achieve the objectives of increasing the productivity. Time and motion study is one of the necessary factors to set a standard target. The study is aimed at identifying the unwanted work processes which in turn increases the time required, efforts as well as the cost of the product. Thus the changes were made in the areas which require improving using work study methods.
This document discusses concepts related to production planning and control, work study, and time study. It provides definitions and explanations of key terms:
- Production planning and control facilitates optimal capacity utilization, inventory control, production time efficiency, and quality assurance. It involves planning, routing, scheduling, loading, dispatching, follow up, inspection, and corrective measures.
- Work study aims to find the most efficient use of resources through analyzing work methods. It includes method study to evaluate and standardize work processes, and work measurement including time study to establish time standards.
- Time study techniques measure times of job elements under specified conditions to determine the time needed at a defined performance rate, through stopwatch observation, normal
The document provides an overview of production planning and control. It discusses key concepts like production, planning, control, types of production systems including job production, batch production and continuous production. It covers functions of production planning and control like planning, dispatching, control. It also discusses topics like process planning, loading, scheduling, economic order quantity and goods and service tax. The overall document serves as a comprehensive reference on production planning and control.
IMPROVING OSH & PRODUCTIVITY OF RMG INDUSTRIES BY IMPLEMENTING LEAN TOOLS AN...Karina Islam
The garment industry has played a pioneering role in the development of industrial sector of Bangladesh. The RMG sector is expected to grow despite the global financial crisis of 2009.As China is finding it challenging to make textile and foot wear items at cheap price, due to rising labor costs, many foreign investors, are coming to Bangladesh to take advantage of the low labor cost. Though Bangladesh produces garment with lowest cost but poor productivity. To survive and prosper in today's economic times, companies can no longer manage using financial measures alone, they have to track non-financial measures also such as customer satisfaction, brand preference, speed of response, employee satisfaction etc.Productivity can improve by applying lean tools like- 5s, JIT, Muda, Root Cause analysis, KPIs, VSM. For improving the ultimate productivity OHS of RMG sector of Bangladesh should be improved. In Ready Made Garments (RMG) sector of Bangladesh, the employees represent an organization's biggest and its most valuable asset. The company's productivity, and ultimately, its profitability depend on making sure all of its workers perform up to their full potential. This paper summarizes that how KPIs analysis improve productivity and OHS of RMG sectors. Appropriate indicators are first selected for KPI scoring then simulate the scores with the help of Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and finally illustrated how KPIs impacts on overall productivity.
This document summarizes a case study applying lean manufacturing techniques at a furniture factory in Jordan. The researchers used various lean tools to analyze sources of waste, including a current state value stream map of a two-door cabinet production process. They identified issues like long lead times, low value-add percentage, and bottlenecks. A future state map was proposed with recommendations to achieve continuous flow, balance processes, and continuously improve through techniques like 5S and kaizen. Suggestions included better production planning, utilizing CNC machines, and improving marketing.
This document discusses process analysis. It begins with objectives like process analysis, flowcharting, types of processes, and performance metrics. It then defines key terms like process, cycle time, and utilization. It describes process flowcharting and standard symbols used. It discusses types of processes like make-to-order, make-to-stock, and hybrid processes. It also covers performance metrics like operation time, throughput time, velocity, and productivity. Examples are provided to illustrate concepts like cycle time calculations.
This document discusses process analysis. It begins with objectives like process analysis, flowcharting, types of processes, and performance metrics. It then defines key terms like process, cycle time, and utilization. It describes standard flowchart symbols and types of processes like make-to-order, make-to-stock, and hybrid. Finally, it discusses performance metrics such as operation time, throughput time, velocity, and productivity and provides examples to illustrate concepts.
This document provides information about production planning and control (PPC) and the need for scheduling. It discusses:
- The objectives and benefits of PPC, including cost reduction, optimal resource utilization, and improved customer service.
- The typical functions of scheduling including allocating resources, determining order sequence, measuring performance, and shop floor control.
- Common scheduling methods like Gantt charts, mathematical programming, and priority rules.
- The importance of scheduling bottlenecks to fully utilize constrained resources.
- The need for scheduling to meet customer demands, maximize efficiency, and motivate employees.
Production planning and control involves determining the resources needed for manufacturing operations, scheduling those resources to efficiently produce goods to meet demand, and ensuring production proceeds according to plan. It aims to maximize output while minimizing costs through techniques like routing, scheduling, dispatching, inspection, and corrective actions. Effective production planning and control benefits organizations through higher quality, better resource use, reduced costs and inventory, and improved profitability and customer satisfaction.
Work-study methods were developed during World War II to increase productivity and were later applied in industries around the world, including Bangladesh starting in 1991. Work-study techniques like method study and work measurement are used to examine current work methods, simplify or modify processes, reduce unnecessary work, and set time standards to improve productivity. Key aspects of work-study include breaking down jobs into individual tasks, creating work layouts to distribute tasks efficiently among workers, measuring cycle times to understand bottlenecks, and conducting regular studies to identify areas for further improvement. The overall goal is to systematically analyze work processes and set performance standards to increase productivity through more effective use of resources.
The document discusses work measurement techniques used at Joshan Walk Industries in Pakistan. It summarizes that:
1) Joshan Walk Industries uses historical data as its main approach to set work standards, such as setting the standard time to make a boxing glove at 60 minutes.
2) The company also uses direct time studies, observing 4 employees to calculate average and normal cycle times, then sets a standard time.
3) Allowance fraction for interruptions is estimated at 14% based on historical data, which is then used to calculate standard time.
Tshepo Makgakge compiled a report on their work as an industrial engineering trainee from 01/12/08 to 05/12/08. They observed and timed the process of requesting a mold from the storekeeper and moving it to a machine. The timing results showed inconsistencies and stoppages due to unorganized storage of molds and unspecified breaks. Tshepo recommends establishing standard procedures, conducting more time studies, and improving organization and housekeeping to increase productivity and save time and money.
Provides an introduction to Lean Management and its application along with video links. The slide also details the improvement cycle with Value added, non-value added and waste in any activity or process. This slide focuses on the time and motion study and how to observe the process. This helps identify process time and determine if the process is value-added. Helps anyone who wants an idea on starting process analysis and continuous improvement in office and factory environments to reduce waste and get cost-effectiveness. Provides an overview of the lean tools and some videos to expand the basic knowledge. Provides a link for the file download for direct observation.
Links for the video & Files
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wfsRAZUnonI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yZvsqm4Jok8
https://files.fm/f/2uhf7y8er
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PHOppLiEG0o
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jmTOuHxc4nE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yOLfe37gq4g
The document provides information on various topics related to industrial engineering in the apparel industry such as standard minute value, plan layout, throughput time, methods improvement, work study, time study, observed time, loss time, performance, work in progress, time measurement, method study, rating, target, bottlenecks, production line balancing, quality of work study executive, work place engineering, standard worker, general sewing data, capacity, effectiveness, equipment used for time study, 5S methodology, responsibilities of industrial engineers, types of waste, human body movements, work content, PDCA, marker, marker efficiency, fabric wastage, spreading, grain line, button ligne conversion, marking, marker width, GSM calculation, team development model
The document discusses work measurement techniques used to establish standard times for jobs. It describes breaking jobs down into elements, recording element times using cumulative timing, and setting standards that exclude ineffective time so workers are not targeted. The goal is to reveal all sources of ineffective time and set attainable standards through work measurement.
The document discusses work measurement techniques used to establish standard times for jobs. It defines work measurement as investigating and reducing ineffective time to set standards that exclude ineffective time. The summary breaks down work measurement into 3 key steps: 1) Breaking jobs into elements and measuring the time for each element, 2) Assessing worker performance and extending times to basic times, 3) Determining allowances and standard times that exclude ineffective time.
Production management refers to applying management principles to oversee the production process in a factory. It involves planning, organizing, directing, and controlling how raw materials are converted into finished goods efficiently. The key aspects of production management include facility location, plant layout, product and process design, quality control, and maintenance management. The overall goal is to maximize productivity and operational efficiency while meeting quality standards, delivery times, and cost targets to satisfy customers.
This document provides an agenda for a program on enhancing productivity and product quality through Lean Six Sigma. The program schedule is laid out over four sessions covering topics like Lean manufacturing, Six Sigma, 5S, TPM and more. The document discusses various Lean tools and concepts like value stream mapping, takt time, poka-yoke and how they can help reduce waste and improve key metrics like OEE. Overall, the program aims to equip participants with knowledge and techniques to improve efficiency, quality and profits through continuous improvement.
This document discusses various aspects of production planning and control such as planning, routing, scheduling, loading, dispatching, follow up, inspection, and adjustments.
Planning involves deciding in advance what work needs to be done. Routing determines the specific flow path for production. Scheduling fixes the time and date for each operation. Loading assigns workers to their tasks. Dispatching puts the production plan into action. Follow up regulates progress. Inspection ensures quality standards are met. Adjustments are made when needed to optimize production.
The document discusses work measurement techniques. It defines work measurement as implementing techniques to determine the time required for a qualified worker to perform a task at a predetermined performance level. The key work measurement techniques discussed are time study, work sampling, synthesis, and predetermined motion time study. The document outlines the basic procedure for work measurement which involves analyzing jobs, measuring elemental times, and adding allowances to determine standard times. It provides details on stopwatch time study methodology and concepts such as work elements, work cycles, performance rating, and computation of standard times.
The document provides an overview of production planning and control. It discusses key concepts like production, planning, control, types of production systems including job production, batch production and continuous production. It covers functions of production planning and control like planning, dispatching, control. It also discusses topics like process planning, loading, scheduling, economic order quantity and goods and service tax. The overall document serves as a comprehensive reference on production planning and control.
IMPROVING OSH & PRODUCTIVITY OF RMG INDUSTRIES BY IMPLEMENTING LEAN TOOLS AN...Karina Islam
The garment industry has played a pioneering role in the development of industrial sector of Bangladesh. The RMG sector is expected to grow despite the global financial crisis of 2009.As China is finding it challenging to make textile and foot wear items at cheap price, due to rising labor costs, many foreign investors, are coming to Bangladesh to take advantage of the low labor cost. Though Bangladesh produces garment with lowest cost but poor productivity. To survive and prosper in today's economic times, companies can no longer manage using financial measures alone, they have to track non-financial measures also such as customer satisfaction, brand preference, speed of response, employee satisfaction etc.Productivity can improve by applying lean tools like- 5s, JIT, Muda, Root Cause analysis, KPIs, VSM. For improving the ultimate productivity OHS of RMG sector of Bangladesh should be improved. In Ready Made Garments (RMG) sector of Bangladesh, the employees represent an organization's biggest and its most valuable asset. The company's productivity, and ultimately, its profitability depend on making sure all of its workers perform up to their full potential. This paper summarizes that how KPIs analysis improve productivity and OHS of RMG sectors. Appropriate indicators are first selected for KPI scoring then simulate the scores with the help of Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and finally illustrated how KPIs impacts on overall productivity.
This document summarizes a case study applying lean manufacturing techniques at a furniture factory in Jordan. The researchers used various lean tools to analyze sources of waste, including a current state value stream map of a two-door cabinet production process. They identified issues like long lead times, low value-add percentage, and bottlenecks. A future state map was proposed with recommendations to achieve continuous flow, balance processes, and continuously improve through techniques like 5S and kaizen. Suggestions included better production planning, utilizing CNC machines, and improving marketing.
This document discusses process analysis. It begins with objectives like process analysis, flowcharting, types of processes, and performance metrics. It then defines key terms like process, cycle time, and utilization. It describes process flowcharting and standard symbols used. It discusses types of processes like make-to-order, make-to-stock, and hybrid processes. It also covers performance metrics like operation time, throughput time, velocity, and productivity. Examples are provided to illustrate concepts like cycle time calculations.
This document discusses process analysis. It begins with objectives like process analysis, flowcharting, types of processes, and performance metrics. It then defines key terms like process, cycle time, and utilization. It describes standard flowchart symbols and types of processes like make-to-order, make-to-stock, and hybrid. Finally, it discusses performance metrics such as operation time, throughput time, velocity, and productivity and provides examples to illustrate concepts.
This document provides information about production planning and control (PPC) and the need for scheduling. It discusses:
- The objectives and benefits of PPC, including cost reduction, optimal resource utilization, and improved customer service.
- The typical functions of scheduling including allocating resources, determining order sequence, measuring performance, and shop floor control.
- Common scheduling methods like Gantt charts, mathematical programming, and priority rules.
- The importance of scheduling bottlenecks to fully utilize constrained resources.
- The need for scheduling to meet customer demands, maximize efficiency, and motivate employees.
Production planning and control involves determining the resources needed for manufacturing operations, scheduling those resources to efficiently produce goods to meet demand, and ensuring production proceeds according to plan. It aims to maximize output while minimizing costs through techniques like routing, scheduling, dispatching, inspection, and corrective actions. Effective production planning and control benefits organizations through higher quality, better resource use, reduced costs and inventory, and improved profitability and customer satisfaction.
Work-study methods were developed during World War II to increase productivity and were later applied in industries around the world, including Bangladesh starting in 1991. Work-study techniques like method study and work measurement are used to examine current work methods, simplify or modify processes, reduce unnecessary work, and set time standards to improve productivity. Key aspects of work-study include breaking down jobs into individual tasks, creating work layouts to distribute tasks efficiently among workers, measuring cycle times to understand bottlenecks, and conducting regular studies to identify areas for further improvement. The overall goal is to systematically analyze work processes and set performance standards to increase productivity through more effective use of resources.
The document discusses work measurement techniques used at Joshan Walk Industries in Pakistan. It summarizes that:
1) Joshan Walk Industries uses historical data as its main approach to set work standards, such as setting the standard time to make a boxing glove at 60 minutes.
2) The company also uses direct time studies, observing 4 employees to calculate average and normal cycle times, then sets a standard time.
3) Allowance fraction for interruptions is estimated at 14% based on historical data, which is then used to calculate standard time.
Tshepo Makgakge compiled a report on their work as an industrial engineering trainee from 01/12/08 to 05/12/08. They observed and timed the process of requesting a mold from the storekeeper and moving it to a machine. The timing results showed inconsistencies and stoppages due to unorganized storage of molds and unspecified breaks. Tshepo recommends establishing standard procedures, conducting more time studies, and improving organization and housekeeping to increase productivity and save time and money.
Provides an introduction to Lean Management and its application along with video links. The slide also details the improvement cycle with Value added, non-value added and waste in any activity or process. This slide focuses on the time and motion study and how to observe the process. This helps identify process time and determine if the process is value-added. Helps anyone who wants an idea on starting process analysis and continuous improvement in office and factory environments to reduce waste and get cost-effectiveness. Provides an overview of the lean tools and some videos to expand the basic knowledge. Provides a link for the file download for direct observation.
Links for the video & Files
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wfsRAZUnonI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yZvsqm4Jok8
https://files.fm/f/2uhf7y8er
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PHOppLiEG0o
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jmTOuHxc4nE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yOLfe37gq4g
The document provides information on various topics related to industrial engineering in the apparel industry such as standard minute value, plan layout, throughput time, methods improvement, work study, time study, observed time, loss time, performance, work in progress, time measurement, method study, rating, target, bottlenecks, production line balancing, quality of work study executive, work place engineering, standard worker, general sewing data, capacity, effectiveness, equipment used for time study, 5S methodology, responsibilities of industrial engineers, types of waste, human body movements, work content, PDCA, marker, marker efficiency, fabric wastage, spreading, grain line, button ligne conversion, marking, marker width, GSM calculation, team development model
The document discusses work measurement techniques used to establish standard times for jobs. It describes breaking jobs down into elements, recording element times using cumulative timing, and setting standards that exclude ineffective time so workers are not targeted. The goal is to reveal all sources of ineffective time and set attainable standards through work measurement.
The document discusses work measurement techniques used to establish standard times for jobs. It defines work measurement as investigating and reducing ineffective time to set standards that exclude ineffective time. The summary breaks down work measurement into 3 key steps: 1) Breaking jobs into elements and measuring the time for each element, 2) Assessing worker performance and extending times to basic times, 3) Determining allowances and standard times that exclude ineffective time.
Production management refers to applying management principles to oversee the production process in a factory. It involves planning, organizing, directing, and controlling how raw materials are converted into finished goods efficiently. The key aspects of production management include facility location, plant layout, product and process design, quality control, and maintenance management. The overall goal is to maximize productivity and operational efficiency while meeting quality standards, delivery times, and cost targets to satisfy customers.
This document provides an agenda for a program on enhancing productivity and product quality through Lean Six Sigma. The program schedule is laid out over four sessions covering topics like Lean manufacturing, Six Sigma, 5S, TPM and more. The document discusses various Lean tools and concepts like value stream mapping, takt time, poka-yoke and how they can help reduce waste and improve key metrics like OEE. Overall, the program aims to equip participants with knowledge and techniques to improve efficiency, quality and profits through continuous improvement.
This document discusses various aspects of production planning and control such as planning, routing, scheduling, loading, dispatching, follow up, inspection, and adjustments.
Planning involves deciding in advance what work needs to be done. Routing determines the specific flow path for production. Scheduling fixes the time and date for each operation. Loading assigns workers to their tasks. Dispatching puts the production plan into action. Follow up regulates progress. Inspection ensures quality standards are met. Adjustments are made when needed to optimize production.
The document discusses work measurement techniques. It defines work measurement as implementing techniques to determine the time required for a qualified worker to perform a task at a predetermined performance level. The key work measurement techniques discussed are time study, work sampling, synthesis, and predetermined motion time study. The document outlines the basic procedure for work measurement which involves analyzing jobs, measuring elemental times, and adding allowances to determine standard times. It provides details on stopwatch time study methodology and concepts such as work elements, work cycles, performance rating, and computation of standard times.
2. Work study is a service that uses techniques such
as research methods and study time, to review the
effectiveness of each activity in a
systematic work activities to produce an
efficient and productive work.
3. Minimize time
Minimize cost
Production based on ability raw material,
equipment and skill of workers.
Produce high-quality spending
Maximize worker safety.
4. High production costs of the ordinary.
Production is not balanced in terms of quality.
Too much work in progress (Work In Progress)
The existence of the movement of
people and material excess.
5. Use of materials, equipment, machinery and
labor is not satisfactory.
Often requires overtime.
There are works that have to much idle time.
Production quality is not satisfactory.
6. Before starting any work study should take note
of these two factors:
- How much savings if a work is
reviewed and new methods developed.
- How much time is allocated for research work.
7. KAJIAN KERJA
(work Study)
KAJIAN KAEDAH KAJIAN MASA
(Research Methods) (Time Methods)
MENINGKATKAN KECEKAPAN DAN
PRODUKTIVITI
(Increase Efficency and Productivity)
8. The study method is as a study to determine
the various methods that can be usedfor a job.
From these studies we can determine the
best method to practiced in carrying outthe
work.
9. Detailed studies carried out to analyze the
following areas:
- purpose of this process is done
- quality standards
- layout of workplace equipment
- cycle (work cycle)
- work methods
10. Improve production flow
Effective use of labor
Improve the plant layout and design
Effective use of existing facilities
Create a more comfortable working conditions
Establish standards for the methods used
12. Flow chart process can devide to three such:
Material types - shows that the movement of
material being processed.
Operator type that shows the movement done
by the operator during the process.
Equipment type - that shows the activities done
to a device for the purpose of processing
13. SYMBOL ACTIVITIES PURPOSE (TUJUAN)
Control Process and Production
(Pengendalian)
Inspection Inspect Quality and Quantity
(Pemeriksaan)
Transportation Movement
Pengangkutan
Delay
Kelewatan/simpanan Delay / Interruption
sementara
Simpanan Tetap Simpan
14. Assembly / component opening
Repair works
Provide plant and equipment
Change shape / condition of a material
Chemical reaction
command
fill in the form
Computation and others
16. The motion of the hand, trucks, lorries and other
transport devices.
Movement through the pipe or tube
Travel operators
17. Operator / Material wait to lift / lifted
Materials waiting for the next process
Operator wait till material come.
18. Alat/Bahan yang disimpan dalam stor
sementara menanti untuk dihantar ke tempat
lain.
Maklumat yang disimpan
Semua kelewatan atau simpanan sementara
yang melebihi 24 jam.
19. Example 1
Draw a Process Flow Chart to show
the activities of laundry using the washing
machine
20. 2 minit 1 kumpulkan pakaian kotor
17 meter 1 bawa pakaian ke tempat cuci
5 minit 2 masukkan pakaian ke dalam
mesin
45 minit 1 tunggu sehingga mesin berhenti
15 meter - 2 bawa pakaian ke tempat jemuran
15 minit 3 sidai pakaian tersebut
120 minit 2 2 tunggu sehingga pakaian kering
15 meter - 3 bawa pakaian ke tempat melipat
20 minit 4 lipat pakaian
5 meter - 4 bawa pakaian ke tempat penyimpanan
1 simpan pakai
21. Time study is a study that
using specific techniques to determine the total
time taken by the operator to complete an
operation.
22. The study time objectives are to :
i. Determine the number of elements that an
operation
ii. Determine the level of difficulty of an
operation
iii. Determine the level of employee skills
iv. Reduce production costs
v. Determine the standard time for an
operation
23. Two techniques are commonly used;
i. Using the Stopwatch
ii. Movement Time
System Set / Predetermined Motion Time Sys
tem
24. Standard time is the goal to be achieved in
a time study using stopwatch. The standard
time is
total time taken to perform each element found
in a review of the work.
[Total Standard Time = Work + All rewards
given
25. Peti-peti surat yang dibuat daripada kepingan logam galvanis untuk
kegunaan Politeknik Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah dibuat di Bengkel
Kepingan Logam. Lima kitaran Kajian Masa telah dilakukan oleh
En Saaid ke atas seorang pelajar Kejuruteraan Mekanikal. Kajian
bermula dari pukul 8.00 pagi dan berakhir hingga pukul 9.50 pagi.
En.Saaid telah mendapat butiran seperti berikut :
Jumlah peratusan ganjaran :
Unsur 1 = 20% MA
Unsur 2 = 15% MA
Unsur 3 = 10% MA
Unsur 4 = 25% MA
26. MASA PEMERHATIAN
NO. UNSUR KADAR
(MINIT)
90 6
95 7
Memotong kepingan-kepingan logam galvanis 90 7
1.
kepada saiz peti surat 90 8
95 5
90 4
95 5
95 5
2. Membentuk peti surat
80 5
90 4
105 5
95 6
Mencantumkan kepingan-kepingan logam peti 90 6
3.
surat 95 7
95 7
90 4
105 3
90 4
4. Merivet peti surat
90 4
100 3
95 1
5. Memeriksa Peti Surat (untuk setiap 2 peti surat) 90 2
27. Time is measured in the study methods are: -
i. The average time-which is the time for each
element of its cycle.
ii. CAS / rating, during a review, the observer also
assesses the speed of current employees to
work compare with normal speed.
Masa Normal = Masa Purata + ( Masa Normal x Kadaran %)
28. Time is stale-time employees'
personal needs (eg go to the canteen, toilet,
etc.), time to rest and time delays, such
as damage to the machine and so on.
Usually the value given in percentage (%).
29. Standard time is calculated by the following
means:
Masa Piawai = Masa Normal + ( masa normal x
masa basi )
30. Seorang Jurutera industri di Syarikat Biz Sdn Bhd.mengambil masa
piawai bagi suatu operasi dengan menggunakan teknik kajian masa.
Data dari jadual di bawah adalah masa yang diambil dengan
menggunakan jam randik secara ulangan.
Masa ( min )
Unsur Kadaran
Kitaran 1 Kitaran 2 Kitaran 3
1 4.5 4.2 4.7 112
2 3.0 3.2 2.8 112
3 2.3 2.5 2.3 110
Sekiranya di tetapkan jumlah kelegaan / basi peribadi, kelewatan dan
kelesuan adalah 10 %, dapatkan:-
1.Masa purata bagi setiap unsur
2.Masa normal bagi setiap unsur
3.Masa piawai bagi setiap unsur
4.Masa piawai bagi keseluruhan
31. Seorang penyelia Syarikat Jeman Sdn. Bhd. dikehendaki membuat
kajian masa bagi satu operasi. Data dari jadual di bawah adalah masa
yang diambil dengan menggunakan jam randik secara ulangan.
Masa ( min )
Unsur Kadaran
Kitaran 1 Kitaran 2 Kitaran 3
A 0.30 0.35 0.50 100
B 0.12 0.15 0.10 110
C 0.41 0.43 0.45 110
D 0.80 0.90 0.92 95
Diberi kelegaan peribadi 15%. Dapatkan masa piawai bagi proses tersebut.