2. COLLECTING DATA
Primary sources of
statistical data are the
government
institutions, business
agencies and
organizations.
In conducting a
study or research,
collection of data
is the first step.
Data may be
gathered from
primary or
secondary
sources.
Secondary sources are
books, encyclopedia,
journals, magazines
and research or
studies conducted by
other individuals. 2
5. “
In this method, the researcher
has a direct contact with the
interviewee. The researcher
obtains the information needed
by asking questions and inquiries
from the interviewee.
5
7. This method makes use of a
written questionnaire. The
resercher distributes the
questionnaires to the
respondents either by
personal delivery or by mail.
9
14. n = N / 1 + Ne^2
where
n= sample size
N = population size
e = margin of error
18
15. Example 1
A group of researchers will conduct a
survey to find out the opinion of residents of
a particular community regarding the oil
prize hike. If there are 10,000 residents in
the community and the researchers plan to
use a sample using a 10% margin of error,
what should the sample size be?
19
16. Example 2
Suppose that in example 1, the researchers
would like to use a 5% margin of error.
What should be the size of the sample?
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18. Identify the most appropriate method of
gathering data to be used.
1. A study to identify the factors being considered by the
consumers in buying shoes, clothes, and personal
accessories.
2. A study to find out if a new brand of drug is effective in
curing tuberculosis.
3. Researches to determine the mortality rate from 1990 to
1998
4. A study to determine the study habits of third year high
school students in manila.
5. An inquiry on the average allowance of high school
students of SMVIHS
22
19. A researcher plans to conduct a
survey. If the population size is
18,000, find the sample size if the
desired margin of error is
1. 10%
2. 5%
3. 3%
4. 2%
5. 1%
23
24. PROBABILITY
SAMPLING
1. Is a sampling
technique wherein
each member or
element of the
population has an
equal chance of
being selected as
members of the
sample.
26. RANDOM SAMPLING
The basic type of probability sampling is
the simple random sampling. Using this
technique, each individual in the
population has an equal chance of being
drawn into the sample. Remember that if
we use this method we should have a
complete list of members of the
population.
30
29. To draw the members or elements of
the sample using this method, we have
to select a random starting point, then
draw successive elements from the
population. In other words, we pick
every nth element of the population as
a member of the sample when we use
this method.
SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING
33
31. STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING
The word stratified comes from the
root word strata which means
group categories. When we use
this method, we are actually
dividing the elements of a
population into different categories
or subpopulation.
35
33. CLUSTER SAMPLING
Is a sampling wherein groups or
clusters instead of individuals are
randomly chosen. Cluster sampling
sometimes called area sampling
because this is usually applied
when the population is large.
37
37. NON-
PROBABILITY
SAMPLING
2. Is a sampling technique
wherein members of
the sample are drawn
from the population
based on the
judgement of the
researchers. The results
of a study using this
sampling technique are
relatively bias.
39. CONVENIENCE SAMPLING
Is used because of the convenience it offers
to the researcher. The result of this
interview will be biased. We cannot
depend on it in making inferences about
a population
43
41. QUOTA SAMPLING
In this type of sampling, the proportions of
the various subgroups in the population
are determined and the sample is drawn
to have the same percentage in it. This is
very similar to the stratified random
sampling, the only difference is that the
selection of the members of the sample
using quota sampling is not done
randomly.
45
43. PURPOSIVE SAMPLING
is a non-probability sampling that is
selected based on characteristics of a
population and the objective of the
study. Purposive sampling is also known
as judgmental, selective.
47
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