Human-Computer and Interaction - Human Factor Material

1. HUMAN FACTOR
Muhammad Najib DS, S.Kom., M.T

2. Background
 Aspects of a Computer System
 hardware
 software
 brainware
 Modelling human activities is a fairly difficult activity
because humans use the five senses.
 The Five Senses:
 Eyes :Objects, size, color, shape, density
and texture
 Ears :Tone, tone color, intensity, frequency
 Nose :Distinguish odor
 Tongue :Distinguish sweet, sour, bitter, salty
taste
 Skin :Feel pressure and temperature

3. Human and Computer
ExhaustionHuman Exhaustion Computer Exhaustion
Estimation Accurate Calculation
Intuition Logic Deduction
Creativity Looping Activity
Adaptatiion Consistency
Simultaneous Awareness Multitasking
Abnormal processing / exceptions Routine processing
Associative memory Data storage and recall
Non-deterministic decision making Deterministic decision making
Pattern recognition Data processing
Worldly knowledge Domain knowledge
Human error Error free

4. Term in Vision / Visualization
1 Luminans
 The amount of light reflected by the surface of the object.
 The greater the luminance of an object, the more objects that can be seen
by the eye.
2 Contrast
 Difference between luminance objects with luminance background.
 A negative contrast value will make the object not visible.
 Contrast values ​​can be positive or negative.

5. Term in Vision / Visualization (cont.)
3 Brightness
 Subjective response to light.
 There is no connection with luminance and contrast, but luminance can
have implications for brightness.
4 Angle and Sharpness of Vision
 Vision angle: an angle formed between an object and the eye.
 Visual acuity: minimum vision angle when the eye can still see an object
clearly.

6. Term in Vision / Visualization (cont.)
5 Vision: an angle formed when the eye moves to the left farthest and to
the far right
 Area I, binocular vision.
 Area II, left monocular vision.
 Area III, right monocular vision.
 Area IV, blind area.
I
III
IV
II
62-7062-70
94-104 94-104

7. Effective Use of Colors
1 Psychological Aspects
 Avoid using the following colors together like cyan, magenta, and yellow
because they can cause eye fatigue.
 Avoid blue for thin lines, text and small shapes, because our vision system
is not prepared for sharp, detailed and short-wave stimuli.
 Consider sharp colors for older users.
 The color will change if the surrounding light level changes and also due to
the addition and decrease of contrast.
 Avoid red and green on a large scale on opposite sides. Matching colors
are blue-yellow.

8. Effective Use of Colors (cont.)
Psychological Aspects (cont.)
 The opposite color can be used together eg: red-green and blue-yellow.
The green-blue combination gives a bad image.
 Avoid single color changes to help users with limited color viewing.
2
Cognitive Aspects
 Don't overuse colors. The use of color is intended to attract attention, or to
group information. The benefit will be lost if the color used is too much.
 Beware of non-linear color manipulation.
 Group the related elements with the same background color.

9. Effective Use of Colors (cont.)
Cognitive Aspects (cont.)
 The same color "carries" a similar message.
 Brightness and saturation will attract attention.
 Sort colors according to their spectral position.
 Warm colors (large wavelengths) can be used to show the level of action.
Usually warm colors are used to indicate the presence of actions or
responses needed. Cold colors can be used to indicate status or
background information

10. Sensor
Information
store
Short-term
memory
Long-term
memory
Visual: 0.1 - 0.2 sec
Auditory: 2-4 sec
without processing
20-30 sec ? forever
Human Memory

11. 1 Sensory Stores
 Can be seen as a set of temporary buffer registers.
 The information entered will be stated in an unprocessed or
undocumented form.
 Information is stored in physical form and not in symbolic form
2 Short-Term Memory
 Can be seen as a temporary storage.
 The information entered will be expressed in a coded form not in physical
form.
 Often referred to as working memory.
Human Memory

12. 3 Long-Term Memory
 Information that enters through full awareness is called the process of
"learning" or through an unconscious process that occurs repeatedly.
 Semantic based and associatively accessed.
 Its storage properties are difficult to forget.
Human Memory (cont.)

13. Thank You ..