A Feasibility Study of Making Biomass Pellets with Plywood Plant Waste in Ind...Mark Lee
Making biomass pellets with plywood waste is a smart idea. There are many plywood factories in Indonesia. Develop wood pellet production can generate more earnings.
Introduction
Composition of charcoal briquettes
Process of making charcoal briquettes
Before production of charcoal briquettes
Testing durability of briquettes
Benefits of charcoal briquettes
Sawdust / EFB Briquette and Sawdust Charcoal Briquette Process TechnologyJFE Project
Sawdust / Empty Fruit Bunch Briquette and Sawdust Charcoal Briquette Process Technology. Indonesia and Malaysia have abundant resources of EFB of palm oil mill waste that potential to briquette. Then sawdust is also abundant in many places in Indonesia that potential to briquette (uncarbonised briquette) and sawdust charcoal briquette (carbonised briquette).
A Feasibility Study of Making Biomass Pellets with Plywood Plant Waste in Ind...Mark Lee
Making biomass pellets with plywood waste is a smart idea. There are many plywood factories in Indonesia. Develop wood pellet production can generate more earnings.
Introduction
Composition of charcoal briquettes
Process of making charcoal briquettes
Before production of charcoal briquettes
Testing durability of briquettes
Benefits of charcoal briquettes
Sawdust / EFB Briquette and Sawdust Charcoal Briquette Process TechnologyJFE Project
Sawdust / Empty Fruit Bunch Briquette and Sawdust Charcoal Briquette Process Technology. Indonesia and Malaysia have abundant resources of EFB of palm oil mill waste that potential to briquette. Then sawdust is also abundant in many places in Indonesia that potential to briquette (uncarbonised briquette) and sawdust charcoal briquette (carbonised briquette).
Briquette is a coal product with a certain shape or particle size by mechanically pressing fine coal or pulverized coal. It is mainly divided into industrial briquette and civil briquette.
Studies on development of fuel briquettes for household and industrial purposeSAT Journals
Abstract The hike in the price of electricity, petrol and diesel for daily usage has directed the researches for alternate fuels. But unfortunately recession and climatic changes has increased all the expenses. This makes a tough situation for the production of alternate fuels at low cost. Among several methods fuel briquetting is widely used using municipal waste, vegetable waste, newspaper waste etc. The present investigation is carried out using Almond leaves, saw dust and cocopeat. Using proximate analysis the moisture content, ash content, volatile matter and the fixed carbon are determined. The briquette sample size is fixed as 6 x 3 x 3 inches. The binding material used is plain flour in the proportion of 125 g per each briquette. The study incorporated the determination of calorific value, porosity , ultimate analysis, XRD, SEM analysis. The results indicated that the almond leaf briquette with higher compressive strength burns more time and is safer for storage and transportation. Keywords: Fuel Briquettes, Calorific Value, Almond Leaf, Porosity, Deforestation
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Performance of High-Strength Concrete Using Palm Oil Fuel Ash as Partial Ceme...IJERA Editor
The advancement in material technology has led to development of concrete with higher strengths. Presence of high cementitious materials contents in high strength concrete mixes increases heat of hydration that causes higher shrinkage and leading it to potential of cracking. However, use of supplementary cementitious materials leads to control in heat of hydration which further avoids higher shrinkage. Materials such as fly ash, silica fume, metakaolin and ground granulated blast furnace slag are largely been used as supplementary cementitious materials in High strength concrete mixes. In the present study use of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) as partial cement replacement in high strength concrete mixes is evaluated with an experimental study. High strength concrete mix of M60 grade is taken as a reference and the compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength where performed for 7, 28 and 56 days and analyzed it with results for partial replacement mixes of POFA 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% & 25%. It has been observed that concrete with 15% replacement of POFA gave the highest strength.
Effects of Process Parameters on the Density and Durability of Biomass Brique...IJERD Editor
This work aimed at improving the density and durability of biomass briquettes made by composting and pressing biomass (wet method). Though this type of briquettes requires much less energy to form, they are usually of much lower density compared to briquettes made from dry biomass. In this experimental work three parameters were considered, which are type of biomass, composting time, and moisture content. Biomass samples were mixed with water and left to decompose for varying number of days. The moisture content of samples was conditioned accordingly and briquettes were made from these samples using a die and a pressing machine. Briquettes were tested for density and durability. Results show that among saw dust, groundnut shells and rice husk briquettes, rice husk briquettes attain highest density (up to 0.47g/cm3). For all three biomass types, durability index tend to increase with an increase in moisture content. Durability of groundnut shells and rice husk briquettes tend to decrease with an increase in composting time while that of saw dust increase with composting time. For all the three biomasses, the apparent density decreases with an increase in moisture content. For groundnut shells and rice husks the density increases with compositing time while for saw dust the change in density is negligible.
Study of Combustion Characteristics of Fuel Briquettesijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Charcoal briquettes are made of all kinds of agro-wastes and forest residues. If there are abundant biomass resource available, you can consider starting a charcoal briquette plant. Charcoal briquettes have wide application both in industrial and home use featured with high density, small volume & good combustibility. Our professional salesman can give you suggestions to choose the most suitable type.
Effect of heating temperature on quality of bio-briquette empty fruit bunch f...IJAAS Team
Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) are one of the palm oil industry wastes, which are quite plentiful and currently unused optimally. Biomass is one of the renewable energy resources which has important roles in the world. The bio-briquettes are manufactured through densification of waste biomass by implementing certain processes. This research aimed to obtain variations in the mold temperature at 150 ºC, 200 ºC, and 250 ºC to the calorific value and toughness of the briquette material. The toughness was tested using ASTM D 440-86 R02 standard. Arduino program was used for setting the heating resistance time of the mold, which was 20 minutes and the thermal controller was used to adjust the temperature variation. The average mold pressure was 58 Psi. The highest heating value was obtained at a mold temperature of 250 ºC with a value of 5256 cal/g, and the lowest was resulted at a temperature of 150 ºC (4117 cal/g). Meanwhile, the briquette toughness test at 200 ºC mold temperature indicated good data results in which the average loss of fiber particles was only 4.17 %, this was because the adhesion between particles by lignin and cellulose in the fiber functions optimally at this temperature so that the resistance of briquettes went through minor damage.
For the future of the oil industry, the Coronavirus pandemic is a key concern.
Fears of low demand increase, as Coronavirus sets new records across the world. It is though unclear what will come next. To better predict the future of the world’s economic growth, it is vital to have an updated understanding of the coronavirus’s impact on the oil industry.
That’s why we created a brief history of what has happened to oil prices during the Coronavirus pandemic in our newest video.
Different Types Of Fuels That You Should Know
Avgas (Aviation Gasoline) Aviation Gasoline, also known as Avgas, is a special oil produced from small parts or fractions of petroleum. ...
Avtur (Aviation Turbine) ...
Kerosene. ...
Solar Oil (HSD) ...
Diesel Oil (MDF) ...
Fuel Oil (MFO) ...
Biodiesel. ...
Gasoline.
Briquetting is a way to make use of biomass residues that would otherwise go to waste, and replace the use of wood and charcoal (often produced unsustainably) as well as fossil fuels, thus cutting greenhouse gas emissions.
Biomass Briquettes are bio fuel substitute to bio coal, lignite and other fossil fuels. They are used to heat industrial boilers in order to produce electricity form steam.
Briquette is a coal product with a certain shape or particle size by mechanically pressing fine coal or pulverized coal. It is mainly divided into industrial briquette and civil briquette.
Studies on development of fuel briquettes for household and industrial purposeSAT Journals
Abstract The hike in the price of electricity, petrol and diesel for daily usage has directed the researches for alternate fuels. But unfortunately recession and climatic changes has increased all the expenses. This makes a tough situation for the production of alternate fuels at low cost. Among several methods fuel briquetting is widely used using municipal waste, vegetable waste, newspaper waste etc. The present investigation is carried out using Almond leaves, saw dust and cocopeat. Using proximate analysis the moisture content, ash content, volatile matter and the fixed carbon are determined. The briquette sample size is fixed as 6 x 3 x 3 inches. The binding material used is plain flour in the proportion of 125 g per each briquette. The study incorporated the determination of calorific value, porosity , ultimate analysis, XRD, SEM analysis. The results indicated that the almond leaf briquette with higher compressive strength burns more time and is safer for storage and transportation. Keywords: Fuel Briquettes, Calorific Value, Almond Leaf, Porosity, Deforestation
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Performance of High-Strength Concrete Using Palm Oil Fuel Ash as Partial Ceme...IJERA Editor
The advancement in material technology has led to development of concrete with higher strengths. Presence of high cementitious materials contents in high strength concrete mixes increases heat of hydration that causes higher shrinkage and leading it to potential of cracking. However, use of supplementary cementitious materials leads to control in heat of hydration which further avoids higher shrinkage. Materials such as fly ash, silica fume, metakaolin and ground granulated blast furnace slag are largely been used as supplementary cementitious materials in High strength concrete mixes. In the present study use of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) as partial cement replacement in high strength concrete mixes is evaluated with an experimental study. High strength concrete mix of M60 grade is taken as a reference and the compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength where performed for 7, 28 and 56 days and analyzed it with results for partial replacement mixes of POFA 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% & 25%. It has been observed that concrete with 15% replacement of POFA gave the highest strength.
Effects of Process Parameters on the Density and Durability of Biomass Brique...IJERD Editor
This work aimed at improving the density and durability of biomass briquettes made by composting and pressing biomass (wet method). Though this type of briquettes requires much less energy to form, they are usually of much lower density compared to briquettes made from dry biomass. In this experimental work three parameters were considered, which are type of biomass, composting time, and moisture content. Biomass samples were mixed with water and left to decompose for varying number of days. The moisture content of samples was conditioned accordingly and briquettes were made from these samples using a die and a pressing machine. Briquettes were tested for density and durability. Results show that among saw dust, groundnut shells and rice husk briquettes, rice husk briquettes attain highest density (up to 0.47g/cm3). For all three biomass types, durability index tend to increase with an increase in moisture content. Durability of groundnut shells and rice husk briquettes tend to decrease with an increase in composting time while that of saw dust increase with composting time. For all the three biomasses, the apparent density decreases with an increase in moisture content. For groundnut shells and rice husks the density increases with compositing time while for saw dust the change in density is negligible.
Study of Combustion Characteristics of Fuel Briquettesijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Charcoal briquettes are made of all kinds of agro-wastes and forest residues. If there are abundant biomass resource available, you can consider starting a charcoal briquette plant. Charcoal briquettes have wide application both in industrial and home use featured with high density, small volume & good combustibility. Our professional salesman can give you suggestions to choose the most suitable type.
Effect of heating temperature on quality of bio-briquette empty fruit bunch f...IJAAS Team
Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) are one of the palm oil industry wastes, which are quite plentiful and currently unused optimally. Biomass is one of the renewable energy resources which has important roles in the world. The bio-briquettes are manufactured through densification of waste biomass by implementing certain processes. This research aimed to obtain variations in the mold temperature at 150 ºC, 200 ºC, and 250 ºC to the calorific value and toughness of the briquette material. The toughness was tested using ASTM D 440-86 R02 standard. Arduino program was used for setting the heating resistance time of the mold, which was 20 minutes and the thermal controller was used to adjust the temperature variation. The average mold pressure was 58 Psi. The highest heating value was obtained at a mold temperature of 250 ºC with a value of 5256 cal/g, and the lowest was resulted at a temperature of 150 ºC (4117 cal/g). Meanwhile, the briquette toughness test at 200 ºC mold temperature indicated good data results in which the average loss of fiber particles was only 4.17 %, this was because the adhesion between particles by lignin and cellulose in the fiber functions optimally at this temperature so that the resistance of briquettes went through minor damage.
For the future of the oil industry, the Coronavirus pandemic is a key concern.
Fears of low demand increase, as Coronavirus sets new records across the world. It is though unclear what will come next. To better predict the future of the world’s economic growth, it is vital to have an updated understanding of the coronavirus’s impact on the oil industry.
That’s why we created a brief history of what has happened to oil prices during the Coronavirus pandemic in our newest video.
Different Types Of Fuels That You Should Know
Avgas (Aviation Gasoline) Aviation Gasoline, also known as Avgas, is a special oil produced from small parts or fractions of petroleum. ...
Avtur (Aviation Turbine) ...
Kerosene. ...
Solar Oil (HSD) ...
Diesel Oil (MDF) ...
Fuel Oil (MFO) ...
Biodiesel. ...
Gasoline.
Briquetting is a way to make use of biomass residues that would otherwise go to waste, and replace the use of wood and charcoal (often produced unsustainably) as well as fossil fuels, thus cutting greenhouse gas emissions.
Biomass Briquettes are bio fuel substitute to bio coal, lignite and other fossil fuels. They are used to heat industrial boilers in order to produce electricity form steam.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
1. CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Definition of Briquettes
According to Big Indonesian Dictionary Briquette is a blob of hardened soft
goods through combustion (Daryanto S.S, 1997:115). Briquettes are made from clumps
of hardened soft. Briquette is a fuel alternative that has good prospects for development.
Because apart from the production process is simple, the availability of raw materials
are also readily available.
Hearing the word briquettes, most people will immediately think of the coal.
Hearing the word briquettes, most people will immediately think to coal. Actually,
briquettes not identical with fuel because definition of briquettes is a substance in the
form of powder or chunks - small pieces of solidified by using a press machine with an
adhesive so into a solid form (http://saragihonline.blogspot.com/2009/08/konversi-
limbah-padat-menjadi-produk.html).
2.2 Kinds of Briquettes
The kinds of briquettes are:
1. Coal briquettes
Coal briquettes is a solid fuel with a certain shape and size, which is composed
of fine grains of coal that has undergone a process of compression with a certain
power press, so that the fuel is easier to handle and generate added value in their
utilization.
2. Charcoal briquettes
Alternative energy is made from coconut shells and wood. And it turns out the
price is much cheaper than kerosene, waste of coconut such as coconut shell can
be processed into high value products, one of which is a coconut shell briquettes
commonly used as a source of energy. As a replacement coal is a fuel that can
not be updated and generated a lot of negative impacts to health and the
environment, one of which can cause respiratory problems.
3
2. 3. Biomass briquettes
Biomass is organic material produced by photosynthetic process, either product
or waste. Examples of biomass include plants, trees, grass, sweet, agricultural
waste, forest waste, feces and manure. Why material - biomass materials that go
through the processing of briquettes, why not burn it? The benefit is that the
processing of briquettes obtained a higher calorific value than if the material is
burned directly. Materials that have been through the process will become more
dense briquettes so calorific value could exceed 5000 cal. The more dense
briquettes are made then the higher value on the condition calorifin adhesive
composition should be appropriate.
Kinds of biomass briquettes:
1. Coconut shell briquettes
2. Palm shell briquettes
3. Sawdust briquettes
4. Twigs and dry leaves briquettes
(http://danangslax.blogspot.com/2010/08/macam-macam-briket.html.).
2.3 Factors that influence the characteristics of briquettes
The factors are:
1. Fuel density or specific gravity of charcoal powder
2. Fineness of powder
3. Temperature carbonization
4. Compression pressure
5. Mixing formula with briquettes
Processing of briquettes is the process of being subjected to grinding processing,
mixing raw materials, printing and drying in certain circumstances, to obtain briquettes
that have shape, physical size, and chemical properties of certain. The purpose of
processing briquettes are to improve the fuel quality, ease of handling and transport and
reduce the loss of material in the form of dust in the transport process.
Kinds of raw material which is commonly used as an adhesive for the
manufacture of briquettes are :
4
3. 1. Inorganic adhesive
Inorganic adhesive can maintain the resilience of the briquettes during combustion
process so that the base of undisturbed fuel permeability. Inorganic adhesive has a
disadvantage that the addition of ash coming from the adhesive so as to inhibit
combustion and lower calorific value. Examples of inorganic adhesive such as
cement, clay, sodium silicate.
2. Organic adhesive
Organic adhesives produce relatively little ash after burning briquettes and generally
is an effective binder. Examples of organic adhesives includes starch, tar, asphalt,
starch, molasses and paraffin.
a. Clay or often called clays is generally widely used as adhesives briquettes. The
kinds of clay that can be used for the manufacture of briquettes composed of
types clay reddish color, yellowish and gray.
b. Caustic Soda Tapioca and tapioca type of quality very depending on usage. The
kind of Caustic Soda used has a 98% concentrations and Flake-shaped. When
mixed with tapioca will form as adhesive
(http://bennaogest.blogspot.com/2012/01/pembuatan-briket-bioarang.html).
2.4 Definition of fuel
Fuel is anything that can burned such as: paper, cloth, coal, kerosene, gasoline,
etc. To burn the needed three elements are:
a. Fuel
b. Air
c. Temperature to begin burning
Heat or calorific arising from burning of fuel is called product of burn
(http://www.majalahpendidikan.com/2011/10/artikel-pengertian-dan-jenis-bahan.html)
2.5 Definition of coal
According to the dictionary of Indonesian, minerals taken from the earth.
(Daryanto S.S, 1997:80). Coal from woody plants that lived on earth millions of years
ago. Because of the age old giant trees were uprooted, and then buried in the ground. In
the land of the trees gradually change shape to be hard as a rock, colored black and can
be burned like charcoal. (Elly kusmanto,1992:16)
5
4. Coal is a fossil fuel. Definition of generally sedimentary rocks that are
combustible, formed from organic sediment, primarily the remains of plants and coal
are formed through the process of coaling. The main elements consist of carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen. Coal is also an organic rock that has the properties of complex
physical and chemical that can be found in various forms.
(http://batubaraasalan.blogspot.com/)
2.6 Types of coal
1. Peat
2. Young of coal
3. Sub-bitumen
4. Bituminous
5. Anthracite (nationalinks.blogspot.com/2009/01/jenis-jenis-batu-bara.html).
6