The document discusses factors that influence physical activity and nutrition habits and barriers to making healthy choices. It addresses environmental factors like modern conveniences, job requirements, and community priorities that promote sedentary lifestyles. Traffic-calming strategies and value marketing are defined. Common reasons for unhealthy choices include procrastination and cultural beliefs. Locus of control and its relation to health is explained, along with three impediments - problems of competence, confidence, and motivation - that can prevent people from making changes. SMART goals are defined as specific, measurable, acceptable, realistic and time-specific.

1. CHAPTER 2 DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1) Our environment is not conducive to a healthy, physically active lifestyle. Why? What environmental factors influence physical activity? What environmental factors influence diet & nutrition? 2) What is "traffic-calming?” 3) What is "value marketing?” 4) Barriers to change: What are the most common reasons for people making unhealthy choices? 5) Define "locus of control" and explain the difference between internal & external. 6) What are the 3 impediments that can keep people from taking control of their lives? 7) Explain the SMART goals.

2. OUR ENVIRONMENT IS NOT CONDUCIVE TO A HEALTHY, PHYSICALLY ACTIVE LIFESTYLE. WHY?

3. WHAT ARE SOME ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY?

4. 1) MODERN-DAY CONVENIENCES LULL US INTO PHYSICAL INACTIVITY

5. 2) MODERN-DAY ARCHITECTURE REINFORCES UNHEALTHY BEHAVIORS

6. 3) MOST JOBS REQUIRE PEOPLE TO SIT MOST OF THE DAY

7. 4) LIKE OUR JOBS, OUR LEISURE TIME IS SPENT BEING SEDENTARY

8. 5) OUR COMMUNITIES DO NOT MAKE PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES A HIGH PRIORITY

9. WHAT ARE “TRAFFIC-CALMING” STRATEGIES? -INTENTIONALLY SLOWING TRAFFIC TO MAKE THE PEDESTRIAN’S ROLE EASIER.

10. WHAT ARE SOME ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON DIET & NUTRITION?

11. 1) THE OVERABUNDANCE OF FOOD INCREASES PRESSURE ON FOOD SUPPLIERS TO ADVERTISE & TRY TO CONVINCE CONSUMERS TO BUY THEIR PRODUCTS.

12. 2) MANY OF OUR LEISURE ACTIVITES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH EATING.

13. 3) UNHEALTHY FOOD IS RELATIVELY INEXPENSIVE & READILY ACCESIBLE.

14. 4) FOOD PORTIONS IN RESTAURANTS HAVE INCREASED SUBSTANTIALLY IN SIZE.

15. WHAT IS “VALUE MARKETING?” -OFFERING THE CUSTOMER A LARGER PORTION FOR ONLY A SMALLER PRICE INCREASE.

16. IN SPITE OF THE BEST INTENTIONS, PEOPLE MAKE UNHEALTHY CHOICES DAILY. WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON REASONS FOR PEOPLE MAKING UNHEALTHY CHOICES?

17. PROCRASTINATION PRECONDITIONED CULTURAL BELIEFS GRATIFICATION RISK COMPLACENCY COMPLEXITY INDIFFERENCE & HELPLESSNESS RATIONALIZATION ILLUSIONS OF INVINCIBILITY

18. LOCUS OF CONTROL -THE EXTENT TO WHICH A PERSON BELIEVES HE/SHE CAN INFLUENCE THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT. INTERNAL LOCUS OF CONTROL: -PEOPLE WHO BELIEVE THEY HAVE CONTROL OVER EVENTS IN THEIR LIVES. -GENERALLY ARE HEALTHIER & HAVE AN EASIER TIME INITIATING & ADHERING TO A WELLNESS PROGRAM. EXTERNAL LOCUS OF CONTROL: -PEOPLE WHO BELIEVE THAT WHAT HAPPENS TO THEM IS A RESULT OF CHANCE OR THE ENVIRONMENT & IS UNRELATED TO THEIR BEHAVIOR. -AT GREATER RISK FOR ILLNESS.

19. 3 IMPEDIMENTS THAT KEEP PEOPLE FROM TAKING CONTROL OF THEIR LIVES 1) PROBLEMS OF COMPETENCE -LACKING THE SKILLS TO GET A GIVEN TASK DONE LEADS TO REDUCED COMPETENCE. 2) PROBLEMS OF CONFIDENCE -ARISE WHEN YOU HAVE THE SKILL BUT DON’T BELIEVE YOU CAN GET IT DONE. 3) PROBLEMS OF MOTIVATION -INDIVIDUALS HAVE COMPETENCE & CONFIDENCE BUT BUT ARE UNWILLING TO CHANGE BECAUSE THE REASONS TO CHANGE ARE NOT IMPORTANT TO THEM. CAUSES OF UNWILLINGNESS TO CHANGE: LACK OF KNOWLEDGE LACK OF GOALS

20. SMART GOALS SPECIFIC: -STATE EXACTLY WHAT YOU WANT TO ACCOMPLISH. MEASURABLE: -GOALS & OBJECTIVES SHOULD BE MEASURABLE. ACCEPTABLE: -GOALS THAT YOU SET FOR YOURSELF ARE MORE MOTIVATIONAL THAN GOALS SOMEONE ELSE SETS FOR YOU. REALISTIC: -GOALS SHOULD BE WITHIN REACH. TIME-SPECIFIC: -A GOAL SHOULD ALWAYS HAVE A SPECIFIC DATE SET FOR COMPLETION.