The document summarizes the struggles of African Americans in the late 19th/early 20th century, including being discriminated against in housing and jobs. It discusses Booker T. Washington, who was born into slavery but helped found Tuskegee Institute to provide training in trades, and advised gaining rights gradually. It also discusses W.E.B. Du Bois, who received a PhD from Harvard and agreed with Washington on training but disagreed on accepting segregation, forming the NAACP to fight for equal rights.

1. Section 4 Struggles for Justice

2. Discriminated against in North & South Landlords refused to rent homes in white areas Restricted to worst housing & poorest jobs African Americans

3. Born into slavery Self educated Worked in coal mines & attended school when he could 1881 Helped found Tuskegee Institute in Alabama Offered industrial & agricultural training Advised African Americans to learn trades & to move up gradually in society Practical approach won support from Carnegie & Rockefeller Helped build trade schools Presidents also sought his advise on racial issues Booker T. Washington

4. 1st African American to receive a Ph.D. from Harvard Agreed with Washington on needing training Disagreed with him on accepting segregation Urged black to fight segregation 1909 Joined w/ others to form National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Worked for equal rights for blacks W.E.B. Du Bois