Chapter 1-3 Notes
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Human activity is affecting the global environment through population growth, industrialization, and unsustainable practices. The document discusses different values of the environment including utilitarian, ecological, aesthetic, moral, and precautionary principles. It also discusses the value of coral reefs and the importance of scientific knowledge through controlled experiments, variables, data collection, and the role of environmental science in areas like the media, politics, and decision making. Environmental systems can change through negative or positive feedback and examples of depletion, growth, or steady state. Natural and human impacts on systems are discussed along with delays in response, residence times, and the environmental unity concept that everything affects everything else in the system.
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The Endangered Species Act (ESA) was enacted in 1973 as the most far-reaching law for endangered species preservation passed by any nation. It protects over 1000 animals and provides penalties for harming endangered species or their habitats. The ESA works by listing species, designating critical habitats, developing recovery plans, and reviewing federal agency actions. The Lacey Act, originally passed in 1900, was one of the earliest US laws aimed at wildlife protection and was expanded in 1981 and 1988 to prohibit illegal wildlife trade internationally and domestically. CITES is an international agreement between governments to ensure wildlife trade does not threaten species' survival. It lists species in three appendices based on protection level.
Ch 7 8 ppt 2010 student notes
This document discusses several key concepts related to biological diversity and biogeography:
1. It defines biological evolution as changes in inherited traits over generations and outlines some processes that lead to evolution like mutations, natural selection, genetic drift, and geographic isolation of populations.
2. It discusses factors that influence biodiversity like habitat diversity, species diversity, and environmental conditions. Greater biodiversity is seen in areas with more physically diverse habitats, moderate disturbance, and small environmental variation.
3. It outlines biogeography patterns seen on different continents and islands, explaining how continental drift, isolation, and adaptation to new environments has led to divergent evolution and speciation over time.
Rubric for scrAPESbook 2010 5 articles
This document contains 3 rubrics for evaluating a scrAPESbook project. Each rubric awards up to 65 total points. For 5 articles, students can earn 10 points for each perfect summary and opinion paragraph, with fewer points awarded for incomplete work. Students can also earn up to 5 points for a table of contents and 10 points for the overall quality of work presentation.
Ch 5 key concepts
The document outlines key concepts about biogeochemical cycles for an APES chapter. Students should understand: 1) the differences between macro and micronutrients and examples of each, 2) the six main macronutrients and how limitations can impact growth, 3) the differences in cycling speed between elements with and without gaseous phases, 4) the four groups of cycles that make up the larger geologic cycle, and 5) human impacts that can disrupt the nitrogen, carbon, and water cycles.
Ch 6 ppt 2010 lecture
This document discusses ecosystems and ecological communities through a case study on acorns and their connections. It emphasizes that living things are affected by and affect non-living things through complex relationships. It stresses the importance of understanding ecosystems, including their structure, processes, changes over time, energy flow, complexity, interconnectedness, and keystone species. Students are assigned to read three case studies and answer questions about bison, prairie dogs, wolves, and salmon to further examine these concepts.
Ch 6 ppt 2010 lecture
This document discusses ecosystems and ecological communities through a case study on acorns and their connections. It emphasizes that living things are affected by and affect non-living things through complex relationships. It stresses the importance of understanding ecosystems, including their structure, processes, changes over time, energy flow, complexity, interconnectedness, and keystone species. It assigns reading three case studies on buffalo, prairie dogs, Yellowstone wolves, and salmon to answer topic questions.
Ch 5 ppt
This document discusses biogeochemical cycles, specifically the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles. It notes that the carbon cycle involves both gaseous (CO2, CH4) and non-gaseous forms. The nitrogen cycle moves between the atmosphere as N2 gas, into the soil through nitrogen fixation by bacteria, into plants, then back through decay. Phosphorus differs in that it has no gaseous stage and is stored in rocks and soil organic matter, becoming available to plants through microbial conversion to phosphates.
Ch 4 Key Concepts
This document provides an overview of key concepts to understand for a chapter on human populations, including how to interpret age structure and demographic transition diagrams, calculate demographic rates, compare causes of mortality in developed and developing nations, identify effective ways to slow population growth, understand how technology impacts growth, recognize Thomas Malthus' predictions, compare exponential and logistic growth models, and examine population control policies of countries like China and India.
Ch 4 ppt
The document discusses human population growth and its environmental impacts. It uses Bangladesh as a case study. Some key points:
- Population growth has "exploded" in modern times due to factors like agriculture and industrialization. The world's population increases by over 1 million people every 4 days.
- Developing countries will play a bigger role in future population growth due to higher birth rates compared to developed countries.
- Population growth rates are slowing in developed countries as they undergo demographic transitions towards lower birth rates with improved living standards and education.
FRQ Guidelines
This document provides tips for maximizing your score on free response questions for the AP exam. It recommends pacing yourself to spend about 22 minutes per question, organizing your thoughts before writing, writing clearly, underlining key points, including complete explanations, writing stronger examples first, staying on topic, using paragraph style writing rather than bullets, demonstrating a deep understanding of the prompt, supporting statements with evidence, and showing all work for math questions. It also notes the types of questions that will be on the AP exam.
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