The perils of rule of thumb in valuationsaurabh1722
Valuation is considered very subjective and hence many companies or consultants use rule of thumb leading to incorrect valuation. This report discusses a real case study of a company who used rule of thumb to conduct a product valuation. The names as well as the numbers used are withheld for confidentiality purposes.
The document outlines the 8 steps of credit risk management, with a focus on the first two steps: know your customer and analyze non-financial risks. The first step involves gathering information on the customer through initial interviews and research in order to understand their business and needs. The second step involves analyzing industry, business, and management risks through identifying, analyzing, quantifying, and potentially mitigating these risks, both at the individual loan level and portfolio level. Understanding these non-financial risks is key to properly structuring loans to ensure the highest probability of repayment.
Safeguard your lending program by learning about the 8 steps of credit risk management. Learn about nonfinancial risks, structuring the loan, and more.
This document provides an overview of a predictive model developed by Transparent Solutions to forecast surety claims in the construction industry. The model was able to accurately predict 78% of claims on a back-tested basis by analyzing operational, financial, and macroeconomic risk factors for over 18,000 contractors. The ratings assigned by the model can help insurers and banks better price bonds and loans based on contractor risk levels. Implementing this predictive solution could help reduce losses from project failures in the construction industry.
Join Decision Management Solutions, Velocity Business Services and Datarobot as we discuss the importance of operational decisions, industrialized predictive analytics and business learning in creating a predictive enterprise.
This document discusses pricing strategies and considerations for setting prices. It identifies the most important factors to consider which include pricing objectives, demand determinants, cost determinants, and competition. It then outlines the typical price-setting decision process which involves setting objectives, estimating demand and costs, examining competitors, and setting the price level. Specific strategies like price skimming, penetration pricing, and following the market leader are also summarized.
The uncertainty advantage presents a chance to go well beyond the typical meaning of risk management -- that is, seeking ways to achieve the best of the worst outcomes -- to create new and sustainable value out of confusion.
While COVID-19 has sparked the demand for life insurance, it has also exposed the operating model vulnerabilities in distribution, servicing, and customer retention. In a post-COVID, new-normal environment, insurers need to enhance their capabilities around advanced data management and focus on seamless and secure data sharing to provide superior CX and hyper-personalized offerings. Accelerated digitalization and faster go-to-market are vital to remaining competitive, and win-win partnerships with ecosystems are critical in the journey.
Read our Top Life Insurance Trends 2022 to explore the tactical and strategic initiatives carriers undertake to acquire competencies around customer centricity, product agility, intelligent processes, and an open ecosystem to ensure profitable growth and future readiness.
The perils of rule of thumb in valuationsaurabh1722
Valuation is considered very subjective and hence many companies or consultants use rule of thumb leading to incorrect valuation. This report discusses a real case study of a company who used rule of thumb to conduct a product valuation. The names as well as the numbers used are withheld for confidentiality purposes.
The document outlines the 8 steps of credit risk management, with a focus on the first two steps: know your customer and analyze non-financial risks. The first step involves gathering information on the customer through initial interviews and research in order to understand their business and needs. The second step involves analyzing industry, business, and management risks through identifying, analyzing, quantifying, and potentially mitigating these risks, both at the individual loan level and portfolio level. Understanding these non-financial risks is key to properly structuring loans to ensure the highest probability of repayment.
Safeguard your lending program by learning about the 8 steps of credit risk management. Learn about nonfinancial risks, structuring the loan, and more.
This document provides an overview of a predictive model developed by Transparent Solutions to forecast surety claims in the construction industry. The model was able to accurately predict 78% of claims on a back-tested basis by analyzing operational, financial, and macroeconomic risk factors for over 18,000 contractors. The ratings assigned by the model can help insurers and banks better price bonds and loans based on contractor risk levels. Implementing this predictive solution could help reduce losses from project failures in the construction industry.
Join Decision Management Solutions, Velocity Business Services and Datarobot as we discuss the importance of operational decisions, industrialized predictive analytics and business learning in creating a predictive enterprise.
This document discusses pricing strategies and considerations for setting prices. It identifies the most important factors to consider which include pricing objectives, demand determinants, cost determinants, and competition. It then outlines the typical price-setting decision process which involves setting objectives, estimating demand and costs, examining competitors, and setting the price level. Specific strategies like price skimming, penetration pricing, and following the market leader are also summarized.
The uncertainty advantage presents a chance to go well beyond the typical meaning of risk management -- that is, seeking ways to achieve the best of the worst outcomes -- to create new and sustainable value out of confusion.
While COVID-19 has sparked the demand for life insurance, it has also exposed the operating model vulnerabilities in distribution, servicing, and customer retention. In a post-COVID, new-normal environment, insurers need to enhance their capabilities around advanced data management and focus on seamless and secure data sharing to provide superior CX and hyper-personalized offerings. Accelerated digitalization and faster go-to-market are vital to remaining competitive, and win-win partnerships with ecosystems are critical in the journey.
Read our Top Life Insurance Trends 2022 to explore the tactical and strategic initiatives carriers undertake to acquire competencies around customer centricity, product agility, intelligent processes, and an open ecosystem to ensure profitable growth and future readiness.
Als internetverzekeraar in een markt waarin de kleinste aanpassingen in pricing, product of dienstverlening het verschil kunnen maken moet je sneller en slimmer zijn dan je concurrenten. Ik laat concrete Data Science toepassingen zien die bewijzen dat je in een verzadigde markt gezonde groei kunt realiseren.
A combination of factors − the pandemic, catastrophic weather events, evolving policyholder expectations, and insurers’ drive for operational efficiency and future relevance − are sparking P&C industry changes.
In a post-COVID, new-normal environment, the most strategic insurers are building resilient, crisis-proof enterprises poised to take advantage of emerging and future business opportunities. They are leveraging advanced data analytics and novel technologies to assure agility and achieve positive revenue and customer satisfaction outcomes. Competitive advantage will hinge on accelerated digitalization and faster go-to-market. Therefore, win-win partnerships and embedded services with InsurTechs and other ecosystem players are critical.
Read Capgemini’s Top P&C Insurance Trends 2022 for a glimpse at the tactical and strategic initiatives carriers are undertaking to boost customer-centricity, product agility, intelligent processes, and an open ecosystem to ensure profitable growth and future-readiness.
InsurTecSolutions was founded by insurance executives to provide insurtech products and services with little competition. They offer four integrated products: underwriting and marketing services, an insurance premium estimator, insurance policy metrics, and news/information. Insurance policy metrics provides a benchmark service that assigns insurance policies a numerical factor from 1 to 1000 based on claims simulations to compare coverage and value relative to premium. This allows easier comparison of different insurance policies.
InsurTecSolutions provides insurtech and media products including underwriting and marketing services, an insurance premium estimator, insurance policy metrics, and news/information. It was founded by insurance executives to use content/analytics to help underwriters/brokers/insureds. The company offers 4 integrated products with little competition: underwriting/marketing programs, a premium estimator, a tool to compare policy values numerically, and industry news/services.
This document provides an overview of the consumer credit evaluation and approval process. It discusses key elements like meeting targets, predicting and controlling risk, and achieving a balance of risk and reward. It also covers considerations like product types, business channels, and the types and degree of evaluation. The evaluation process involves 5 basic front-end steps: application, screening, meeting criteria, debt burden checks, and verification. Both judgmental and application score tools are used in making approval decisions. Maintaining an efficient yet effective evaluation process is important for balancing costs and risks.
RISK-ACADEMY’s guide on risk appetite in non-financial companies. Free downloadAlexei Sidorenko, CRMP
Risk appetite refers to an individual or organization’s willingness to take on risks in pursuit of potential returns. It is an important consideration for businesses, as it can determine the types of investments and strategic decisions they make. A high risk appetite may lead to a focus on high-growth, speculative investments, while a low risk appetite may result in a preference for more conservative, steady returns. It is important for businesses to carefully assess and manage their risk appetite in order to make informed decisions and achieve their financial goals.
But before beginning the conversation about risk appetite, it is important to remember that most non financial organizations have already documented their appetites for different common decisions or business activities. Segregation of duties, financing and deal limits, vendor selection criteria, credit limits, treasury limits on banks, investment criteria, zero tolerance to fraud or safety risks – are all examples of how organizations set risk appetite.
What is risk appetite:
10% of the time risk appetite is imposed by laws and regulations, not set – Often risk appetite is imposed by government, regulators, markets, not set by management. Examples include zero-tolerances or limits on safety, bribery and corruption, AML, pollution, sanctions, privacy.
10% of the time risk appetite is the gentlemen’s agreement between Board and management – Boards have an important oversight role and help them set the direction and boundaries for management decision making. Those management decision making boundaries is risk appetite. Examples include deal approvals only by Board above a certain limit, limits on holding percentage of cash in certain pre-approved banks, market risk limits, credit risk limits, insurance thresholds, rules on credit limits for certain types of customers, limits on investments in different countries, etc.
80% of the time risk appetite is the risk reward trade-off for a specific decision – The key is making uncertainty around decisions presented to the Board transparent to allow decision makers choose the alternative which offers the most appropriate risk reward balance according to their individual appetites.
Download the full guide to read about documenting risk appetite, reviewing risk appetite, case studies and examples and addition video resources: Guide to risk appetite 2023
The Facility and the Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Assets and Market Access (AMA Innovation Lab) at UC Davis, with support from EA Consultants, organised a webinar to officially present the "3-D" Client Value Assessment tool. Merging the Facility’s PACE tool with the AMA Innovation Lab’s calculations for Minimum Quality Standards for agricultural index insurance, this tool provides a multi-dimensional understanding of the value proposition for potential or existing clients. This webinar introduced the tool, outlined its relevance and application, and provided tips for practitioners and researchers on how to use it to assess the value of their products.
Presenters: Tara Chiu (Feed the Future AMA Innovation Lab at UC Davis), Coralie Martin (EA Consultants) and Pranav Prashad (the ILO's Impact Insurance Facility). Moderator: Aparna Dalal (the ILO's Impact Insurance Facility).
The document discusses pricing strategies and tactics. It begins by outlining the key steps in setting the right price: estimating costs and demand, establishing pricing goals, choosing a pricing strategy, and fine-tuning the price. It then discusses legal and ethical constraints on pricing. Several pricing strategies and tactics are described, including discounts, geographic pricing, product line pricing, and approaches during inflation and recession periods. The role of pricing objectives, constraints, strategies, and tactics are the main focus of the summary.
The more I understand IFRS17, the more I realize how vital it is to have a comprehensive Enterprise Risk (ERM) Regime in place as half of IFRS17 Compliance is already met by insurers with robust ERM Regimes in place that already tackles the key quantitative and qualitative risks facing the insurer. I've been working intensively on ERM since 2013 and while ERM was adopted due to pressure from regional regulators and best practices, still I feel that risk regime in many insurers is just kept to fill the stomach of the file cabinets and not taken as an active part of management decision making. Hence, it is good to see ERM gain in importance due to IFRS17 compliance with a deadline arriving soon in 1.25 years as at 1st Jan 2023.
In this 73 slides presentation we briefly describe 1) pricing how it is done in an insurance company and its various risks 2) ERM 3) Risk Registers 4) capital modeling 5) stress testing 6) reverse stress testing 7) cat and pandemic modeling 9) tangential reference to health insurance given as application 10) structural understanding of market cycles and so on.
Maximizing Returns on Freelance hires for Enterpreneurs.pdfFunso Finnih
Explore the dynamic world of the gig economy and discover how entrepreneurs can thrive by leveraging cost-effective strategies in hiring freelancers. Debunk myths, understand the power of value over cost, and uncover the potential of smart hiring. Learn how these practices connect to broader entrepreneurial success and transform your approach to the freelance marketplace. Discover actionable steps for embracing the gig economy's opportunities and achieving entrepreneurial growth.
Six Crucial Steps for Insurance Companies to Excel in Risk Management360factors
The emerging cyber insurance industry has a unique chance to differentiate itself by correctly measuring risk and assisting clients to improve their cybersecurity coverage, decreasing their risk profile. Insurance and risk management are inextricably linked. Although insurance supplements risk management efforts for businesses, sound risk management is critical to an insurance firm’s survival.
For more details: https://bit.ly/41wgVPa
RWGreenwood Consulting helps businesses develop strategies for sustainable growth and profitability. They do this by analyzing external factors and competitive landscapes. Their experience delivering initiatives in pricing, supply chain, mergers and acquisitions has generated millions in value for clients worldwide. They take a tailored approach rather than relying on standardized frameworks. Their focus areas include strategy, revenue growth, cost savings, and forecasting. They have experience advising mining, utilities and industrial companies.
CT7Critical Thinking 7 AssignmentNAMEMantrako CrockettGRADE74QuestionsPoints PossiblePoints AttainedINSTRUCTOR COMMENTSSalvatore 14: Discussion Question 12What is the rationale behind the minimax regret rule? What are some less formal and precise methods of dealing with uncertainty? When are these useful?108what is regret? What is maximum regret?ANSWER:The rationale behind the minimax regret rule is to minimize the maximum regret or opportunity cost of making the wrong decisions. Some of the more informal methods for dealing with uncertainty are the acquisition of more information, which its reduces uncertainty when dealing with a particular strategy or event and issues arise from it. Acquiring more information can be costly, but in in the long-term it could potential be a good investment. Referral to authority is gaining the opinion of a professional service, which offers expert informative information to help reduce uncertainty. Although it is good to have more information it is hard to utilize referral to authority for long-term investments. Controlling the business environment is another way to deal with uncertainty, but it can be limited in the long run. Diversification is another method to deal with uncertainty, which allows companies to have more than one resource to rely on financial, especially when another product is not profitable. Diversification allows for financial flexibility among multiple things, vice financial reliance on one thing. The less formal methods are useful by business professionals or manager who understand the informal methods, and require alternate means to deal with uncertainty. Salvatore 14: Discussion Question 15How does the adverse selection problem arise in the credit- card market? How do credit- card companies reduce the adverse selection problem that they face? To what complaint does this give rise?54higher rates don't reduce risk, but cover the costs of higher default rates. However they drive away good risks…cc companies can reduce the problem by credit checks, etc.ANSWER:Adverse selection problem arrise by asymmetric information before the transaction between the buyer and seller. In the credit card market, it occurs when potential borrowers are liabilites because of certain issues (bad credit/high risk) are the ones who most actively seek out a loan. To reduce the adverse selection problem, credit card can raise interest rates to help reduce and mitigate the risk of defaulting on loans. However,higher interest rates will weakenthe economySalvatore 14: Spreadsheet Problem 1An individual has to choose between investment A and investment B. The individual estimates that the income and probability of the income from each investment are as given in the following table:
Investment A Investment B
Income Probability Income Probability
4000 0.2 4000 0.3
5000 0.3 6000 0.4
6000 0.3 8000 0.3
7000 0.2
.
This document discusses strategies for winning new business in a difficult market, focusing on federal contracting. It addresses establishing a marketing culture, developing value propositions, managing competition through processes and tools, developing win strategies, and determining price to win bids. The key strategies discussed are focusing on client value, understanding customer needs, developing structured marketing plans, specializing in industries rather than just expertise, and balancing capability and price in proposals.
How to Stack Your Bank’s Portfolio with More Winners and Fewer LosersColleen Beck-Domanico
How does an industry affect a company and its repayment risks? To find out, read this slide deck and learn about Porter's five forces, a sixth force that comes into play, the business cycle, and the impact of the business cycle on a company.
Setting Conduct Risk Appetite. Assessing risk and identifying cultural driver...Compliance Consultant
Conduct Risk is sweeping the financial services world and catching many risk manager out as there is still a lack of understanding.
Risk management need to determine the corporate risk philosophy and appetite. To assess or understand the risk philosophy, try to comprehend the organisation's culture, values and environment. The way business operations are conducted on a daily basis and the organisation’s strategy are typically good indicators where you can find the company risk philosophy. Assess whether business has an aggressive, innovative, typical or conservative attitude towards risks for achieving business goals.
Risk appetite is simply the amount of risk which the organisation is willing to take to undertake business activities and achieve the business objectives, where Conduct Risk is concerned this has to include good customer outcomes. A simple question to ask the board of members could be “What amount of reported mismanagement or public uproar would make you uncomfortable if it appeared in the business newspapers?”
Consolidate the various risk exposures from the risk department's identified risks and present them to the board. Finally, assess whether the company’s internal perception and rhetoric on risk philosophy and appetite are consistent with the board and other stakeholder's viewpoints. Realign the two where required to prepare the annual strategy.
Managerial Accounting Asia Global 2nd Edition Garrison Solutions Manualfinifej
Full download : https://alibabadownload.com/product/managerial-accounting-asia-global-2nd-edition-garrison-solutions-manual/
Managerial Accounting Asia Global 2nd Edition Garrison Solutions Manual
This document provides an overview of Chapter 14 on the cost of capital from a finance textbook. It discusses determining a firm's cost of equity, cost of debt, weighted average cost of capital, and how to use these calculations to value a company. The chapter outline lists sections on the cost of equity, debt, preferred stock, weighted average cost of capital, divisional costs of capital, and how WACC is used for company valuation. Key concepts covered include the dividend growth model and SML approach for calculating cost of equity, yield-to-maturity for cost of debt, and the weighted average calculation.
This presentation gives actionable insight on your innovation project helping you to improve your ability to formulate innovation projects. The presentation provides five must-do's of innovation management and making innovation soar.
Individual Project
Medical Technology
Wed, 9/6/17
Numeric
100
0
4–6 pages not including title page and reference page.
View objectives for this assignment
My Work:
Assignment Description
The use of health information technology (HIT) has increased dramatically over the past decade, resulting in the federal government enacting several pieces of legislation such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996 and the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act of 2009. Continuing to build on your proposal for a healthcare facility from Weeks 1 and 2, you are assigned to research and discuss the following:
Discuss the financial and health benefits that can be realized by implementing an electronic health record (EHR).
Research and explain the estimated cost of implementing an EHR and the estimated cost of managing an EHR over the long run.
Discuss current security concerns surrounding HIT and the EHR.
Discuss how electronic health records can be used for decision-making and problem-solving.
Choose 1 piece of federal legislation (e.g., HIPAA, HITECH Act, Meaningful Use), and discuss the requirements that legislation imposes on the use of HIT and the EHR.
Note:
You must use at least 4 scholarly references.
.
Individual Project
The Post-Watergate Era
Wed, 3/8/17
Numeric
250
0
2-3 pages
View objectives for this assignment
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Learning Materials
Reading Assignment
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Assignment Details
Assignment Description
There’s an old adage that says that history is always written by the winners. Although this is not always the case, it is true that people's sense of historical events is often influenced by the viewpoints of the historians who write about them.
During the Watergate scandal in 1974, many policy pundits wrote columns demanding that President Richard Nixon resign from the presidency because he was, in their view, clearly culpable for the Watergate break-ins. Not all pundits felt this way, however. Click
here
and
here
to read articles that offer differing views of President Nixon at the height of the Watergate scandal.
Complete the following for this assignment:
Step 1:
Summarize the arguments made in each of the two articles regarding the conduct of President Nixon. How might each of the author’s views impact the reader’s understanding of the Watergate crisis?
Step 2:
Describe how the Watergate events changed American views toward politics and politicians. In your view, how did these events change the press coverage of politicians?
Step 3:
Speculate about how the Watergate event coverage might have been different (better or worse) in the age of social media and smartphones. Would it have lasted as long? Why or why not? Are these innovations in technology helpful or harmful to the way that people understand current events?
At least 2 credible sources are required for this assignment. Your sources should be cited using APA format; both in-text citations and references. Please use the CTU Undergraduate Writing Style Guide for assistance on APA formatting.
References
Burch, D. (1974, May 14).
In defense of Richard Nixon
. Retrieved from The Harvard Crimson Web site: http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1974/5/14/in-defense-of-richard-nixon-pithe/
The Washington Post. (1973, May 1).
Editorial: Watergate: The unfinished business
. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/watergate/articles/050173-2.htm
Other Information
Instructor's Comments:
Unit 3 Individual Project Essentials
Due Wednesday, March 8 by 11:59 PM Central Time
2 – 3 pages of content (your writing, not including references, headers, etc. )
Double-spaced, 12 pt font, Times New Roman
2 credible references (in addition to the two articles you must read), so 4 sources in total
In-text citations AND reference list
Summarize the arguments in each article and how they might impact a person’s view of Watergate
Describe how Watergate impacted how politicians and politics are viewed by Americans and how the press report on politicians.
How would Watergate be covered in the age of social media and smartphones?
.
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Als internetverzekeraar in een markt waarin de kleinste aanpassingen in pricing, product of dienstverlening het verschil kunnen maken moet je sneller en slimmer zijn dan je concurrenten. Ik laat concrete Data Science toepassingen zien die bewijzen dat je in een verzadigde markt gezonde groei kunt realiseren.
A combination of factors − the pandemic, catastrophic weather events, evolving policyholder expectations, and insurers’ drive for operational efficiency and future relevance − are sparking P&C industry changes.
In a post-COVID, new-normal environment, the most strategic insurers are building resilient, crisis-proof enterprises poised to take advantage of emerging and future business opportunities. They are leveraging advanced data analytics and novel technologies to assure agility and achieve positive revenue and customer satisfaction outcomes. Competitive advantage will hinge on accelerated digitalization and faster go-to-market. Therefore, win-win partnerships and embedded services with InsurTechs and other ecosystem players are critical.
Read Capgemini’s Top P&C Insurance Trends 2022 for a glimpse at the tactical and strategic initiatives carriers are undertaking to boost customer-centricity, product agility, intelligent processes, and an open ecosystem to ensure profitable growth and future-readiness.
InsurTecSolutions was founded by insurance executives to provide insurtech products and services with little competition. They offer four integrated products: underwriting and marketing services, an insurance premium estimator, insurance policy metrics, and news/information. Insurance policy metrics provides a benchmark service that assigns insurance policies a numerical factor from 1 to 1000 based on claims simulations to compare coverage and value relative to premium. This allows easier comparison of different insurance policies.
InsurTecSolutions provides insurtech and media products including underwriting and marketing services, an insurance premium estimator, insurance policy metrics, and news/information. It was founded by insurance executives to use content/analytics to help underwriters/brokers/insureds. The company offers 4 integrated products with little competition: underwriting/marketing programs, a premium estimator, a tool to compare policy values numerically, and industry news/services.
This document provides an overview of the consumer credit evaluation and approval process. It discusses key elements like meeting targets, predicting and controlling risk, and achieving a balance of risk and reward. It also covers considerations like product types, business channels, and the types and degree of evaluation. The evaluation process involves 5 basic front-end steps: application, screening, meeting criteria, debt burden checks, and verification. Both judgmental and application score tools are used in making approval decisions. Maintaining an efficient yet effective evaluation process is important for balancing costs and risks.
RISK-ACADEMY’s guide on risk appetite in non-financial companies. Free downloadAlexei Sidorenko, CRMP
Risk appetite refers to an individual or organization’s willingness to take on risks in pursuit of potential returns. It is an important consideration for businesses, as it can determine the types of investments and strategic decisions they make. A high risk appetite may lead to a focus on high-growth, speculative investments, while a low risk appetite may result in a preference for more conservative, steady returns. It is important for businesses to carefully assess and manage their risk appetite in order to make informed decisions and achieve their financial goals.
But before beginning the conversation about risk appetite, it is important to remember that most non financial organizations have already documented their appetites for different common decisions or business activities. Segregation of duties, financing and deal limits, vendor selection criteria, credit limits, treasury limits on banks, investment criteria, zero tolerance to fraud or safety risks – are all examples of how organizations set risk appetite.
What is risk appetite:
10% of the time risk appetite is imposed by laws and regulations, not set – Often risk appetite is imposed by government, regulators, markets, not set by management. Examples include zero-tolerances or limits on safety, bribery and corruption, AML, pollution, sanctions, privacy.
10% of the time risk appetite is the gentlemen’s agreement between Board and management – Boards have an important oversight role and help them set the direction and boundaries for management decision making. Those management decision making boundaries is risk appetite. Examples include deal approvals only by Board above a certain limit, limits on holding percentage of cash in certain pre-approved banks, market risk limits, credit risk limits, insurance thresholds, rules on credit limits for certain types of customers, limits on investments in different countries, etc.
80% of the time risk appetite is the risk reward trade-off for a specific decision – The key is making uncertainty around decisions presented to the Board transparent to allow decision makers choose the alternative which offers the most appropriate risk reward balance according to their individual appetites.
Download the full guide to read about documenting risk appetite, reviewing risk appetite, case studies and examples and addition video resources: Guide to risk appetite 2023
The Facility and the Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Assets and Market Access (AMA Innovation Lab) at UC Davis, with support from EA Consultants, organised a webinar to officially present the "3-D" Client Value Assessment tool. Merging the Facility’s PACE tool with the AMA Innovation Lab’s calculations for Minimum Quality Standards for agricultural index insurance, this tool provides a multi-dimensional understanding of the value proposition for potential or existing clients. This webinar introduced the tool, outlined its relevance and application, and provided tips for practitioners and researchers on how to use it to assess the value of their products.
Presenters: Tara Chiu (Feed the Future AMA Innovation Lab at UC Davis), Coralie Martin (EA Consultants) and Pranav Prashad (the ILO's Impact Insurance Facility). Moderator: Aparna Dalal (the ILO's Impact Insurance Facility).
The document discusses pricing strategies and tactics. It begins by outlining the key steps in setting the right price: estimating costs and demand, establishing pricing goals, choosing a pricing strategy, and fine-tuning the price. It then discusses legal and ethical constraints on pricing. Several pricing strategies and tactics are described, including discounts, geographic pricing, product line pricing, and approaches during inflation and recession periods. The role of pricing objectives, constraints, strategies, and tactics are the main focus of the summary.
The more I understand IFRS17, the more I realize how vital it is to have a comprehensive Enterprise Risk (ERM) Regime in place as half of IFRS17 Compliance is already met by insurers with robust ERM Regimes in place that already tackles the key quantitative and qualitative risks facing the insurer. I've been working intensively on ERM since 2013 and while ERM was adopted due to pressure from regional regulators and best practices, still I feel that risk regime in many insurers is just kept to fill the stomach of the file cabinets and not taken as an active part of management decision making. Hence, it is good to see ERM gain in importance due to IFRS17 compliance with a deadline arriving soon in 1.25 years as at 1st Jan 2023.
In this 73 slides presentation we briefly describe 1) pricing how it is done in an insurance company and its various risks 2) ERM 3) Risk Registers 4) capital modeling 5) stress testing 6) reverse stress testing 7) cat and pandemic modeling 9) tangential reference to health insurance given as application 10) structural understanding of market cycles and so on.
Maximizing Returns on Freelance hires for Enterpreneurs.pdfFunso Finnih
Explore the dynamic world of the gig economy and discover how entrepreneurs can thrive by leveraging cost-effective strategies in hiring freelancers. Debunk myths, understand the power of value over cost, and uncover the potential of smart hiring. Learn how these practices connect to broader entrepreneurial success and transform your approach to the freelance marketplace. Discover actionable steps for embracing the gig economy's opportunities and achieving entrepreneurial growth.
Six Crucial Steps for Insurance Companies to Excel in Risk Management360factors
The emerging cyber insurance industry has a unique chance to differentiate itself by correctly measuring risk and assisting clients to improve their cybersecurity coverage, decreasing their risk profile. Insurance and risk management are inextricably linked. Although insurance supplements risk management efforts for businesses, sound risk management is critical to an insurance firm’s survival.
For more details: https://bit.ly/41wgVPa
RWGreenwood Consulting helps businesses develop strategies for sustainable growth and profitability. They do this by analyzing external factors and competitive landscapes. Their experience delivering initiatives in pricing, supply chain, mergers and acquisitions has generated millions in value for clients worldwide. They take a tailored approach rather than relying on standardized frameworks. Their focus areas include strategy, revenue growth, cost savings, and forecasting. They have experience advising mining, utilities and industrial companies.
CT7Critical Thinking 7 AssignmentNAMEMantrako CrockettGRADE74QuestionsPoints PossiblePoints AttainedINSTRUCTOR COMMENTSSalvatore 14: Discussion Question 12What is the rationale behind the minimax regret rule? What are some less formal and precise methods of dealing with uncertainty? When are these useful?108what is regret? What is maximum regret?ANSWER:The rationale behind the minimax regret rule is to minimize the maximum regret or opportunity cost of making the wrong decisions. Some of the more informal methods for dealing with uncertainty are the acquisition of more information, which its reduces uncertainty when dealing with a particular strategy or event and issues arise from it. Acquiring more information can be costly, but in in the long-term it could potential be a good investment. Referral to authority is gaining the opinion of a professional service, which offers expert informative information to help reduce uncertainty. Although it is good to have more information it is hard to utilize referral to authority for long-term investments. Controlling the business environment is another way to deal with uncertainty, but it can be limited in the long run. Diversification is another method to deal with uncertainty, which allows companies to have more than one resource to rely on financial, especially when another product is not profitable. Diversification allows for financial flexibility among multiple things, vice financial reliance on one thing. The less formal methods are useful by business professionals or manager who understand the informal methods, and require alternate means to deal with uncertainty. Salvatore 14: Discussion Question 15How does the adverse selection problem arise in the credit- card market? How do credit- card companies reduce the adverse selection problem that they face? To what complaint does this give rise?54higher rates don't reduce risk, but cover the costs of higher default rates. However they drive away good risks…cc companies can reduce the problem by credit checks, etc.ANSWER:Adverse selection problem arrise by asymmetric information before the transaction between the buyer and seller. In the credit card market, it occurs when potential borrowers are liabilites because of certain issues (bad credit/high risk) are the ones who most actively seek out a loan. To reduce the adverse selection problem, credit card can raise interest rates to help reduce and mitigate the risk of defaulting on loans. However,higher interest rates will weakenthe economySalvatore 14: Spreadsheet Problem 1An individual has to choose between investment A and investment B. The individual estimates that the income and probability of the income from each investment are as given in the following table:
Investment A Investment B
Income Probability Income Probability
4000 0.2 4000 0.3
5000 0.3 6000 0.4
6000 0.3 8000 0.3
7000 0.2
.
This document discusses strategies for winning new business in a difficult market, focusing on federal contracting. It addresses establishing a marketing culture, developing value propositions, managing competition through processes and tools, developing win strategies, and determining price to win bids. The key strategies discussed are focusing on client value, understanding customer needs, developing structured marketing plans, specializing in industries rather than just expertise, and balancing capability and price in proposals.
How to Stack Your Bank’s Portfolio with More Winners and Fewer LosersColleen Beck-Domanico
How does an industry affect a company and its repayment risks? To find out, read this slide deck and learn about Porter's five forces, a sixth force that comes into play, the business cycle, and the impact of the business cycle on a company.
Setting Conduct Risk Appetite. Assessing risk and identifying cultural driver...Compliance Consultant
Conduct Risk is sweeping the financial services world and catching many risk manager out as there is still a lack of understanding.
Risk management need to determine the corporate risk philosophy and appetite. To assess or understand the risk philosophy, try to comprehend the organisation's culture, values and environment. The way business operations are conducted on a daily basis and the organisation’s strategy are typically good indicators where you can find the company risk philosophy. Assess whether business has an aggressive, innovative, typical or conservative attitude towards risks for achieving business goals.
Risk appetite is simply the amount of risk which the organisation is willing to take to undertake business activities and achieve the business objectives, where Conduct Risk is concerned this has to include good customer outcomes. A simple question to ask the board of members could be “What amount of reported mismanagement or public uproar would make you uncomfortable if it appeared in the business newspapers?”
Consolidate the various risk exposures from the risk department's identified risks and present them to the board. Finally, assess whether the company’s internal perception and rhetoric on risk philosophy and appetite are consistent with the board and other stakeholder's viewpoints. Realign the two where required to prepare the annual strategy.
Managerial Accounting Asia Global 2nd Edition Garrison Solutions Manualfinifej
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Managerial Accounting Asia Global 2nd Edition Garrison Solutions Manual
This document provides an overview of Chapter 14 on the cost of capital from a finance textbook. It discusses determining a firm's cost of equity, cost of debt, weighted average cost of capital, and how to use these calculations to value a company. The chapter outline lists sections on the cost of equity, debt, preferred stock, weighted average cost of capital, divisional costs of capital, and how WACC is used for company valuation. Key concepts covered include the dividend growth model and SML approach for calculating cost of equity, yield-to-maturity for cost of debt, and the weighted average calculation.
This presentation gives actionable insight on your innovation project helping you to improve your ability to formulate innovation projects. The presentation provides five must-do's of innovation management and making innovation soar.
Similar to Chapter 12The Economics of InformationLearning Objecti (20)
Individual Project
Medical Technology
Wed, 9/6/17
Numeric
100
0
4–6 pages not including title page and reference page.
View objectives for this assignment
My Work:
Assignment Description
The use of health information technology (HIT) has increased dramatically over the past decade, resulting in the federal government enacting several pieces of legislation such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996 and the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act of 2009. Continuing to build on your proposal for a healthcare facility from Weeks 1 and 2, you are assigned to research and discuss the following:
Discuss the financial and health benefits that can be realized by implementing an electronic health record (EHR).
Research and explain the estimated cost of implementing an EHR and the estimated cost of managing an EHR over the long run.
Discuss current security concerns surrounding HIT and the EHR.
Discuss how electronic health records can be used for decision-making and problem-solving.
Choose 1 piece of federal legislation (e.g., HIPAA, HITECH Act, Meaningful Use), and discuss the requirements that legislation imposes on the use of HIT and the EHR.
Note:
You must use at least 4 scholarly references.
.
Individual Project
The Post-Watergate Era
Wed, 3/8/17
Numeric
250
0
2-3 pages
View objectives for this assignment
Go To:
Assignment Details
Scenario
Learning Materials
Reading Assignment
My Work:
Online Deliverables:
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Assignment Details
Assignment Description
There’s an old adage that says that history is always written by the winners. Although this is not always the case, it is true that people's sense of historical events is often influenced by the viewpoints of the historians who write about them.
During the Watergate scandal in 1974, many policy pundits wrote columns demanding that President Richard Nixon resign from the presidency because he was, in their view, clearly culpable for the Watergate break-ins. Not all pundits felt this way, however. Click
here
and
here
to read articles that offer differing views of President Nixon at the height of the Watergate scandal.
Complete the following for this assignment:
Step 1:
Summarize the arguments made in each of the two articles regarding the conduct of President Nixon. How might each of the author’s views impact the reader’s understanding of the Watergate crisis?
Step 2:
Describe how the Watergate events changed American views toward politics and politicians. In your view, how did these events change the press coverage of politicians?
Step 3:
Speculate about how the Watergate event coverage might have been different (better or worse) in the age of social media and smartphones. Would it have lasted as long? Why or why not? Are these innovations in technology helpful or harmful to the way that people understand current events?
At least 2 credible sources are required for this assignment. Your sources should be cited using APA format; both in-text citations and references. Please use the CTU Undergraduate Writing Style Guide for assistance on APA formatting.
References
Burch, D. (1974, May 14).
In defense of Richard Nixon
. Retrieved from The Harvard Crimson Web site: http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1974/5/14/in-defense-of-richard-nixon-pithe/
The Washington Post. (1973, May 1).
Editorial: Watergate: The unfinished business
. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/watergate/articles/050173-2.htm
Other Information
Instructor's Comments:
Unit 3 Individual Project Essentials
Due Wednesday, March 8 by 11:59 PM Central Time
2 – 3 pages of content (your writing, not including references, headers, etc. )
Double-spaced, 12 pt font, Times New Roman
2 credible references (in addition to the two articles you must read), so 4 sources in total
In-text citations AND reference list
Summarize the arguments in each article and how they might impact a person’s view of Watergate
Describe how Watergate impacted how politicians and politics are viewed by Americans and how the press report on politicians.
How would Watergate be covered in the age of social media and smartphones?
.
Individual ProjectArticulating the Integrated PlanWed, 31.docxEstelaJeffery653
Individual Project
Articulating the Integrated Plan
Wed, 3/15/17
Numeric
150
0
See assignment details
Assignment Objectives
Demonstrate understanding of the use of a broad set of digital communication tools.
Determine the use of available tools for integrated marketing on the internet.
Assess which tools should be the most effective for promoting their specific new business ventures.
Create a digital marketing plan for inclusion into the business plan.
Key Assignment Draft
Throughout this course, you have articulated several aspects of marketing your planned new venture. Compile all of your writing and research, and insert it into your business plan framework. This compilation should include the following sections:
Expanded Market Environment
Marketing Mix
Digital Marketing Plan
Social Media Strategy
Financials (adjusted and expanded to account for marketing expense and success)
Be sure to integrate your mission and vision into your marketing plan. Consistency is important to your success.
Add the following sections to your plan:
Digital Marketing Policy (content standards, disclosure requirements, and other standards)
At least 1 of the following:
Philanthropy
People
Participation
Note:
Each section should be no longer than 1,500 words. Depending on the venture marketing approach, the marketing mix and digital marketing strategy documents will vary in length, detail, and complexity. In general terms, most business plan sections should be between 500–1,000 words.
.
Individual Multilingualism Guidelines1)Where did the a.docxEstelaJeffery653
The document provides questions about a study on individual multilingualism. It asks about the location of the study, languages spoken there, the author's argument on bilingual abilities compared to older views, major linguistic patterns at home, an example of code switching by a subject between Spanish and English, and a factor for the continued influence of Spanish vs increased use of English among studied families.
Individual Implementation Strategiesno new messagesObjectives.docxEstelaJeffery653
The document outlines objectives for an additional project management paper describing implementation strategies. It instructs the individual to develop a communication plan, describe required documentation, explain the change control process, and evaluate outsourcing options. The paper should be 3 to 4 additional pages long, incorporate previous feedback, follow APA formatting, and include an updated project plan. The completed assignment should be zipped and submitted.
Individual Refine and Finalize WebsiteDueJul 02View m.docxEstelaJeffery653
Individual: Refine and Finalize Website
Due
Jul 02
View more
»
Expand view
Simple web forms can be used for order forms, a subscription to a newsletter, or a request for contact.
Using the course software,
refine
and
finalize
your website by doing the following:
Add a simple web form.
Use division or a table to structure the form elements.
Finalize a navigation system between the pages.
Note
: Utilizing the server-side elements offered in the textbook for testing forms is allowable.
Validate
your HTML code using the Markup Validation Service on the W3C
®
website, (www.w3.org) prior to submitting your web page(s).
Submit
your website files in a compressed (zipped) folder to the Assignment Files tab.
.
Individual Cultural Communication Written Assignment (Worth 20 of .docxEstelaJeffery653
Individual Cultural Communication Written Assignment (Worth 20% of Final Grade)
Complete a written paper (on a word document) about your culture. This paper requires correct grammar, punctuation, and APA format.
Requirements:
Use the following questions below as a template and address all questions within your written assignment.
The paper is worth 100 points (20%) of your course grade. A minimum of
Three (3)
references are required. References can come from a refereed journal article, course textbook, and or an Internet source.
You are expected to report on your cultural topic in a Four -Five pages (
Excluding Title and Reference Page
) typed word document. The assignment should be typed out on a Word Document with no larger than size 12 font, font names that should be used, times new roman or
Calabria
(not both), normal margins (no more than 1 inch), double spaced.
The following should be included in your assignment.
Assignment Layout:
1. Title Page:
Student Name (First and Last), Student Panther ID Number and Title
2. Introduction:
Describe what is Cultural Competency
Identify and describe your cultural ancestry. If you have more than one cultural ancestry, chose the one with which you most closely associate.
3. Assignment Content (Body of Paper):
Explore and describe the willingness of individuals in your culture to share thoughts, feelings, and ideas. Can you identify any area of discussion that would be considered taboo?
Explore and describe the practice and meaning of touch in your culture. Include information regarding touch between family members, friends, members of the opposite sex, and health-care providers.
Identify and describe personal spatial and distancing strategies used when communicating with others in your culture. Discuss differences between friends and families versus strangers.
Discuss your culture’s use of eye contact. Include information regarding practices between family members, friends, strangers, and persons of different age groups.
Explore and describe the meaning of gestures and facial expressions in your culture. Do specific gestures or facial expressions have special meanings? How are emotions displayed?
Discuss if there are acceptable ways of standing and greeting people in your culture?
Discuss the prevailing temporal relation of your culture. Is the culture’s
worldview
past, present, or future oriented? Prevailing temporal relations meaning, how do your culture perceive
healthcare
in general. Does your culture utilize certain remedies? Are they more relax about receiving proper
healthcare
? Do they seek a
healthcare
provider if their health is failing? How often they try to seek medical attention?
Discuss the impact of your culture in
healthcare
or within a
healthcare
setting.
4. Conclusion (Closing thoughts):
Discuss your closing thoughts (hypnotically), on how will your culture perceive
healthcare
in the future.
Discuss how being culturally competent will have an effect on you as a f.
Individual Project
The Basic Marketing Plan
Wed, 3/1/17
Numeric
100
0
1,200–1,500 words
Assignment Objectives
Demonstrate understanding of the use of a broad set of digital communication tools.
Determine the use of available tools for integrated marketing on the internet.
Assess which tools should be the most effective for promoting their specific new business ventures.
For this assignment, you will create a marketing mix document with the following 5 sections:
Product:
This section includes features, options, brand name, packaging, and service characteristics.
Price:
This section includes a pricing schedule, discounts, relative pricing, payment terms, and credit.
Place:
This section includes location, channels, in-store, on-shelf locations, on-site locations, and market coverage.
Promotion:
This section includes promoting, public relations (PR), and selling.
People, participation, or philanthropy:
This section includes information of your choosing.
.
Individual ProjectFinancial Procedures in a Health Care Organiza.docxEstelaJeffery653
Individual Project
Financial Procedures in a Health Care Organization
Wed, 7/26/17
2–3 pages; APA format, no errors. 100% turnitin check. NO Plagerism. On time.
healthinsurance companies provide the majority of the payment for medical services that clinics and physicians deliver. After the care has been delivered, the medical record is reviewed for completeness, codes are applied, and the billing office submits the claim to the insurance company or other third party payer for payment. There are several steps to take when submitting a claim form to the insurance company for reimbursement. The result of a clean claim is proper reimbursement for the services the facility has provided.
Discuss the following:
What does it mean to submit a clean claim?
List all of the information that is important before the claim can be submitted.
Discuss some of the reasons why a claim may be rejected.
State various reasons for the importance of a clean claim submission.
Address the consequences of not submitting a clean claim.
What steps should be taken to check the claim status?
As the practice manager, how would you ensure that the claims process results in clean claim submission and very few claim rejections.
.
Individual Expanded Website PlanView more »Expand view.docxEstelaJeffery653
A site map is a visual diagram that shows how the pages of a website are linked together, similar to an organizational chart. It is recommended to add a site map to a website plan to map out how the different pages will connect and relate to each other. A site map helps plan and organize the structure and flow of a website.
Individual Expanded Website PlanDueJul 02View more .docxEstelaJeffery653
Individual: Expanded Website Plan
Due
Jul 02
View more
»
Expand view
Expand
your website plan.
Select
at least three interactive features that could be added to your site.
Identify
the following:
What purpose would each feature serve for your site and its visitors?
How would you construct these features?
Note
: The form created in the next individual activity, "Individual: Refine and Finalize Website" can be included as one of the interactive features.
.
Individual Communicating to Management Concerning Information Syste.docxEstelaJeffery653
Individual: Communicating to Management Concerning Information Systems
Due
Apr 17, 11:59 PM
View more
»
Expand view
Resources:
"Presentation Fundamentals" with Tatiana Kolovou on Lynda.com, Instructions for Completing a Video
Technology managers look for three critical fundamental skills from the IT professions hired today:
The ability to communicate effectively both verbally and in writing across all stakeholder levels
The ability to work in a team
The ability to think critically
You are on your second interview for a position in an Information Services Department. You will be presenting to a group of your peers, so they can see if you have good presentation skills. Your task is to:
Create a presentation containing eight to ten presentation slides including Introduction, Conclusion, and Reference slides.
Include speaker notes with each slide.
Describe one of the following type of systems:
A Transaction Processing System (For example, POS, ATM, Online Ordering)
A Functional Department System (For example, HRIS, Finance, CRM)
An Enterprise Resource Planning System
Describe the components or subsytems of the system and what business function they address.
Identify one vendor or open source solution for the system you chose to describe.
Discuss why you chose this system and how it will affect the overall business functions of the organization.
Note.
Be sure to include supportive graphics and appropriate backgrounds and styles. All references need to adhere to APA guidelines and images should not be copyrighted unless cited properly.
.
Individual Case Analysis-MatavIn max 4 single-spaced total pag.docxEstelaJeffery653
Individual Case Analysis-
Matav
In max 4 single-spaced total pages, please answer the following questions:
What is Matav’s strategy? Has it been successful?
Does Matav have competitive advantages in its domestic market?
Do Matav’s international expansion plans make sense?
If you were a member of the strategy group, what would you recommend to Andras Balogh?
DUE SUNDAY APRIL 2, 2017.
.
Individual Assignment Report Format• Report should contain not m.docxEstelaJeffery653
The report should be no more than 2,000 words excluding certain sections and indicate the total word count at the end. It should use 12-point Arial font, 1.5 line spacing, and be saved in MS Word format with 1-inch margins on all sides of an A4 page. Sources should be listed in a reference page.
Include LOCO api that allows user to key in an address and get the d.docxEstelaJeffery653
Include LOCO api that allows user to key in an address and get the directions on geolocation from their current location to the entered location. Most features that needs to be added is included in the attachment. Basic layout is provided. Application must work on phonegap. Uses only javascript and jquery. Let me know if interested then i will upload the basic layout
.
Include the title, the name of the composer (if known) and of the .docxEstelaJeffery653
Include the title, the name of the composer (if known) and of the performer. Describe the singing style.
Comment on the vocalist’s
breath control and vowel placement. Was there use of chest voice or
falsete
?
Comment on the lyrics (see translations in course reader) . Is the song
defiant, tender, passionate, remorseful, detached? Is there any imagery used? Is there any message? Identify the type of instrumental accompaniment.
required 4 pages
2 pages : track 16,
La Barca de Guaymas (Linda Ronstadt)
2 pages : track 19,
Paloma Negra
(Lola Beltrán)
I have the songs but i can't upload them
.
include as many events as possible to support your explanation of th.docxEstelaJeffery653
The document provides an essay question asking students to explain why historians believe European civilization dominated the world economically, politically, and culturally at the beginning of the 20th century and whether the phrase "a global village" accurately describes the 21st century world. Students are instructed to include as many events as possible and provide details and specifics in their response.
Incorporate the suggestions that were provided by your fellow projec.docxEstelaJeffery653
Incorporate the suggestions that were provided by your fellow project managers into your final
Project Management Plan
.
Finalize your Project Staffing subsection. This will be part of your Human Resource Management section or appendix.
Determine the number of resources that will be provided from within the enterprise and from outside contractors. Explain the reasoning behind the determination of the source for the personnel resources.
Make the necessary adjustments to the budget and the schedule, therefore establishing the baseline for those 2 areas.
An explanation will be required regarding the source of those personnel and why the use of that specific provider is necessary.
Thoroughly review your deliverable for spelling errors and correct word usage, grammar, and formatting.
**Please make sure to complete sections 3.0 (Human Resource Management) and 4.0 (Risk Management) of the Project Management Plan.
.
inal ProjectDUE Jun 25, 2017 1155 PMGrade DetailsGradeNA.docxEstelaJeffery653
inal Project
DUE: Jun 25, 2017 11:55 PM
Grade Details
Grade
N/A
Gradebook Comments
None
Assignment Details
Open Date
May 1, 2017 12:05 AM
Graded?
Yes
Points Possible
100.0
Resubmissions Allowed?
No
Attachments checked for originality?
Yes
.
include 1page proposal- short introduction to research paper and yo.docxEstelaJeffery653
include: 1page proposal- short introduction to research paper and your intention. 2 page Annotated bibliography - Summary of Books and articles and relationship to your project(at least one book and 2 scholarly articles).
Main htings to consider the concept of ; ethos, building, dwelling and thinking, path.
think about the four elements of the fourfold; earth sky/hoorizon, mortals and divinities.
.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
65. the citation for your article. If your article can not be located
using your citation, you will receive a zero for the assignment,
so please verify that it works before you submit your post. You
do NOT have to upload the article.
You need write 2 page
The chapter 12 and chapter 13, I give you the ppt, you can see
the ppt what we learn.
ASEE 2014 Zone I Conference, April 3-5, 2014, University of
Bridgeport, Bridgpeort, CT, USA.
Organizational Change: Case Study of General
Motors
Muhammad Aliuddin Khan
Department of Economics,
University of Peshawar
Peshawar Pakistan
[email protected]
Muhammad Hashim
Department of Business
Preston University
Islamabad Pakistan
[email protected]
Abstract— The main purpose of this article was to elaborate
and bring to light the core concept of the organization change,
how it works, diverse factors which moves organization to
66. change, steps for change, resistance for change, change forces,
change management approaches and last an example of General
Motor (GM) has given that how change was taken place in the
organization and what was the strategies for change
management. Recommendations and conclusion forms the last
part of the paper.
Keywords - Organization change, Factors, Resistance, GM.
I. ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE: A BRIEF
INTRODUCTION
The business world to day is going very fast and new
technology new methods of production and new taste of
customers and new market trends as well as new strategies for
best control of the organizations and motivation of employees
are emerging and taking place from old to new methods,
because the customers are the emperor of market and most of
the company now spending billions of amount on research and
development in the organization, by keeping in view all these
things the managers and experts of the today businesses now
compel to decide about the change management in the
organizations, because business activities now are globalize,
and every organization strive to sustained the loyal customers,
trained the employees, introduce and adopt new methods of
production and best control the activities of the organization,
so from here the concept of change management or
organization change starts. When the company feel that the
activities which they are doing, the management, the way of
administration, the use of technology, the human resource
policies, the culture of the organization, the liking and
disliking the contents and context of the organization by the
employees, organization structure, group concept ,the product
quality are continuously destroying the image and reputation
67. of the organization the question arises that how will change
the organization in present scenario, so when the expert
specialist decides about all the situation and preparing for
changing the organization it leads to the concept of
organizational change or change management[1] . In the word
of coetsee he said that it is the ability of the management that
how they can get maximum benefits and support form change
which reduces resistant from the side of employees and
encourage appreciate acceptance and support. The process of
changing the activities of the organization as well as the
implementation of the procedures and technologies to achieve
the desire objective of the organization, in simple words to
change the environment of the business organization and to
achieve a high profit from that change, usually change
management includes different aspects such as control change,
adaptation change and effecting change. The final goal of the
change management is the long term sustainability of the
organization. organizational change simply means to change
the activities of the organization concern it may includes to
change the culture of the organization, technology, business
process, change of employees, rules and procedures,
recruitment and selection, design of jobs, method of appraisal,
and human resource techniques, physical environment of the
organization, methods of training and development, job skill
and knowledge etc. when the change of the concern
organization is fundamental it is called organization
transformations. Change management means when all the
needed actions are taken to improve the present situation for
future to implement the change strategies to get the maximum
advantages and also see that the objectives of the organization
is achieving or not[2]
A. Factors Behind The Organization Change
68. As we have mentioned before that organization change occurs
due to some factors that may be external or internal, such
factors may also bring change in the activities of he
organization and may also create problems to harder the
change process, as every know that change creates resistance,
and this resistance may creates huge problems, resistance to
change is also from the old employees or middle level
managers or people as they always appose to the change
strategies due to their own way of thinking and perception
regarding the change concept, this may be due to lake of
knowledge about the situation or due to the self interest of the
old employees but what ever may be the reasons but it is fact
that change always bring resistance, now it is up to mangers
that how they reduce the intensity of the resistance and
implement the whole change strategic business model in the
organization. [3].
B. Change Forces
The following are the main forces which bring change in the
organization. These are as under but it may depend on the
organization environment and the context of the organization.
Change in new government policies and legislation, Change
and development in new materials, Social and culture value
change, Change in national and global economic condition
and trade policies and regulation, Technology development,
Change in customer taste and requirements, Development and
innovation in manufacturing process, New products and
services design innovation, New ideas about the products that
how to deliver customers value and satisfaction, Office and
factory relocation closer to customers, suppliers, and market,
nature of the workforce, technology , economic shocks,
69. completion, social trends, and world politics[4].
C. Resistance to Change
Change creates resistance to change in every organization; it is
the react response from the side of the old employees. When
change strategies have implemented in the organization the
employees quickly respond by voicing complaints, engaging
in work slowdown, threatening to go on strike, etc. but care
should be taken by the change management expert to
overcome the resistance +
Major force for resistance to change: resistance to change
forces categorize into two main heading, 1) individual sources
and 2) organizational sources
1). Individual Source Resistance To Change Includes The
Following.
Habit, security, selective information processing, economic
factors, fear of the unknown.
2). Organizational Sources for Resistance to Change Include
the Following.
Limited focus on change, organization structural inertia, threat
to expertise, threat to established power relationship, group
inertia, threat to established resource allocation.
3). Overcoming to Resistance to Change.
Overcoming to resistance to change means to use the tactics to
reduce the intensity of the resistance to change, the change
agents have the ability to use these tactics. are as under.
70. a) Implementing change fairly.
b) Selection people who accept change
c) Education and communication
d) Participation
e) Building support and commitment
f) Manipulation and cooptation
D. Organizational Change Managing Approaches
When change management taken place in the organization,
now the question is how best one can manage change. There
are four approaches to change management. Lewins classi c
three step model of change process, kotters eight step plan,
action research, and organizational development.
According to the lewins model the organization must follow
three steps for successful change management, which are.
Unfreezing: the status quo, changing to overcome the pressure
of both individual resistance and group conformity.
Movement; desire end state, a change process that transforms
the organization from the status quo to a desired end state.
And refreezing the new change to make it permanent,
stabilizing a change intervention by balancing driving and
restraining forces. [4]
Lewins three steps change model.
Unfreezing Movement Refreezing
71. (Source Stephen, 2005)
1). Kotters Eight Step Plan.
To more elaborate the lewins model kotters have develop
eight steps which can be adopted to implement change. These
are
1) Establish a sense of urgency that why a change is
needed.
2) Form enough power to lead the change
3) Create a new vision to direct the change and
strategies for achieving the vision
4) Vision communication in organization
5) Empower others to act on vision by removing
barriers
6) Plan for, create short term reward to move the
organization toward the new vision
7) Continues improvement and make necessary
adjustment in new programs.
8) Reinforce the change by demonstrating the
relationship between new behaviors.
(Source Stephen, 2005)
2) Action Research
72. Action research is also a change management approach in
which systematically data collected and than change is taken
according that data indication.
3) Organizational Development
Organizational development plays an important role in the
change management no change be best implemented with out
organizational development, it can be define as a collection of
planned change interventions, built on humanistic democratic
values, that seek to improve the organizational effectiveness
and employees work performance and well being.[4]
4) Organizational Development Techniques
The change agent considers the following technique to bring
organizational development. Sensitivity training, team
building, process consultation, survey feed back, appreciative
inquiry and inter group development. These are the important
technique which should adopt by change specialist to bring
effective development in the organization, because
organizational development is vital for organizational change.
[5]
5) Change Management at General Motor
(Gm)
General motor established in 1908. that
time the company was the sole carmaker
dealer in the region, e.g. Michigan, first it
was a holding Buick company, till 1920 it
was becoming the world largest motor manufacturing
company, the company got a tremendous success in time of
Alfred salon, due to his leadership the company was
producing new style and design car every year, and he had
73. given such concept to the company. The other brand of the
company is Chevrolet, Pontiac, Buick, and Cadillac. These
were the different brand cars which were producing by
company that time, and this way there were no other
competitors to compete in the company different cars. But
with emerging of the japans automakers the company felt
threatened, specially the emerging of Toyota Japan, who with
great extent disturbed the profitability of the GM, especially in
the North American market. In 2001 the sale graph of the GM
was in declined trend, because the Toyota had captured the
market, this way the GM received loan form American
government and Canadian government to support the
company in that crises period. During 2009 the company had
faced a bankruptcy and had closed several brand and sold out
to china based company. Now the company again got his
position in market by restructuring and making change in the
company. Now the company is again operating business in the
core brands in America such as Chevrolet, GMC, Buick, and
Cadillac. [6]
II. REASON AND FORCES FOR CHANGE OF GM
In this section we will highlight the reason and forces behind
the change in general motor
1) Forces For Change.
The following are the main forces which affected the general
motor.
2) External Forces.
In external forces the GM which was greatly affected by the
japans based company Toyota was the emerged competitors in
that time, the north America is still the biggest market place
for GM where the company sold out in recent year round
74. about 2.9 million and the nearest competitor is Toyota and
china based companies, these competitors with great extent
disturbed the total profitability of the general motor, and the
second external forces which the company faced a huge
problem was financial crises which with great extent collapsed
the cash flows of the company.
3) Internal Forces.
The another force for change to GM was the high wages cost
to employees as the company was paying $74 per hour as
compared to Toyota $44 per hour, because GM was an
agreement with trade union. And the GM was compelled to
run the plant with minimum 80% capacity whether it was
needed or not, these things play an important role in the
bankruptcy of the company.
A. Types of Changes
By keeping in view the above discussion the company
ultimate decided to bring or make change in the company, so
the company decided to bring changes on some areas of the
business, these were included, structural change, cost
change, process change and cultural change
B. Steps in the Change Management Process of General
Motor.
While going on change management the GM, the company
took some steps to adopt change these are the most recent
change which the company had taken.
1) Cost Cutting.
The first steps which was taken by the GM is about cost
cutting, the company has reduced its cost of some brands to
75. maintain the profit level, such as the Saturn and hammer, by
keeping the other company cost. Similarly the company also
cut pay of employees which was the major problem to
company. The company has achieved the target of cost cutting
up to 15 billion in recent year.
2) Cultural Change
The general motor also changed the culture of the company,
the GM removed it automotive product board, and automotive
strategy up to 8 men board decision making team which were
responsible to report directly to CEO. The main objective of
such change is to speed up the day to day decision making
process. The GM also changed the culture to improve the
efficiency of the employees and make accountable and
responsible one.
C. Problems to Change Process
In change management process the GM faced a variety of
problems
1) Problems in Cultural Change
The cultural plan was based on top down approach, which
ignored totally the involvement of the employees as compared
to other companies , some suggested that the company has not
down top approach, in which employees feel satisfaction, so
this regard the company empowered the employees by
introducing in tailoring the down top approach. Rather than
merely telling to employees what they do.
2) Problem with Cost Cutting
76. As the cost cutting has an important place in the change
management but it was faced great problem from the
agreement of trade union, as the company was an agreement
with not lowering the pay of the employees and maintain the
capacity level.
D. Results of the Change Process
As we have discussed that the GM had adopted changed
previously also but these changes are recently those changes
which adopted by the company in the year 2009. The results
of he changes are as under.
1) Result of Cost Cutting
The result of cost cutting of GM seems from its employment
figure of 98 to 2009, it was reduced from 226000 to 101000
workers, and now the company is concentrating on sale rather
than to further cut off, and also the company is deciding to
reduce the worked force of the factory from 6oooo to 4oooo.
And it will certainly lead to cost saving to the company. [7]
2) Result of Cultural Change
The general motor had also achieved good result from cultural
change, and the employees now becoming aware about the
responsibility and accountability, as well as the company also
empowered the employees to give better productivity.
E. Effectiveness of the Change Strategies
As we have discussed above that the general motor adopted
tow main strategies for change management, recently one was
cost cutting strategy for change management and other was
cultural change management strategy, the company adopted
two other change strategies but these are the most recent, by
77. developing such strategies the company has achieved its
market shares in north America again, as the company was
threatened by the emerging of competitors in the automakers
industry but the company decided to bring changes and now
the company again in better position and he again maintained
the brand of core products, beside of these the company also
achieved the cost benefits by implementing these change
strategies in the company[8]
III. RECOMMENDATIONS
we have seen that how the GM has made changes in the
company for smooth running the company and increased in
sale volume and maintained market shares around the world
but it is not enough changes which was brought by the general
motor, the company needed more attention and adopt several
others changes to cope with the situation and to maintain the
position of the business and compete in the international
market. The following are the some suggested
recommendation for the general motor that it can pursue GM
might be reached the turnaround goals and can increase in sale
and market shares.
A. Production of the Right and Fuel Efficient
Automobiles/Poor Product Lineup
As it was the criticism in the brand of the GM product or cars
that these are not fuel inefficient automobiles. The company
was in top sale in 1990 when the oil was at cheap price but
when the price roused in the international market the company
brand had lost it reputation in the general market, the company
must produce such automobiles which have fuel efficient; the
company must also focus on the battery volt cars and hybrid
one. So it will maintain the company sale increasing as well as
the loyalty of the customer and market shares.
78. B. Public Perception Improving
The general motor must improve the product quality and
customer services. Because the public perception is most
important thing, if the company improves the public
perception than the public will certainly believe that the
money of their not going in the wrong way, and they will great
full in the eyes of the public.
IV. CONCLUSION
After facing the intense competition and bankruptcy the
general motor now improved again the company activities,
and still the world largest car manufacturing company, the
company has gotten a change recently which has also
improved the working condition of the company, but the
company will must see the weakness and public perception to
increase the sale and market shares. Before formulating any
type of strategy the GM should make SWOT analysis to gain
competitive advantages in the market place.
REFERENCES
[1] David decenzo 2005. Human resource management, 8th
edition, Wiley
[2]David Buchanan and Andrzej Hcuzynski (2005),
organizational behavior,
3rd edition, prentice Hall.
[3]Bechard, R, 1969. Organization development:
strategies and
79. models, Addison Wesley.
[4]Stephen p. Robbins, judge, seema sanghi, 2005.
Organizational behavior,
13th edition, prentice Hall
[5]French, W.L. and Bell, C. H., 1995. Organization
development: Behavioral
science interventions for organizational improvement, 5th
edition,
Prentice Hall International.
[6] Muoio, A, 2007. G M has new model for change, online
retrieved, 15
December 2009 from fastcompany.com/magazine/41/gmhtm.
[7]General Motor taking swift cost cutting action 2008. Online
retrieved 15
December 2009 from
dailymarkets.com/stock/2008/11/24/General –
motor-taking swift –cost- action –cutting..
[8]Driving change at General Motor, 2005, online retrieved 15
December
2009, www.cioleadershipnotes.com/p/gm/htm
Homework 1
Read the attached case study outlining changes at General
Motors and answer the following questions in a 4 page paper
(following APA format)
According to your book, what are the four main factors that
influence the success of organizational change interventions?
84. The Value of Commitment (Figure M1-3)
E
E
I
Commit to
Enter
Enter
Don’t enter
Don’t enter
Don’t Commit
I=Incumbent
E=Potential entrant
MA-‹#›
9
Even if the incumbent can link preentry price to post-entry
profits to prevent entry, it may be more profitable to permit
entry.
The present value of maintaining monopoly status is:
Entry reduces profit from the monopoly to duopoly level:
Since , entry will harm the incumbent.
100. quit using H1.
User 1User 2Network ProviderH1H1, H2H1$10, $10$10,
$11H1, H2
$11, $10$21, $21
MA-‹#›
40
Homework 2
For this discussion, please find one journal article that describes
a current economic topic covered in either Chapter 12 or 13.
Summarize the article and explain how it relates to your chosen
topicBefore you begin your summary, please state which
chapter and topic your selected article addresses (post this at
the beginning of the page).
Your summary should be 500-1000 words. You MUST include
the citation for your article. If your article can not be located
using your citation, you will receive a zero for the assignment,
so please verify that it works before you submit your post. You
do NOT have to upload the article.
You need write 2 page
The chapter 12 and chapter 13, I give you the ppt, you can see
the ppt what we learn.
ASEE 2014 Zone I Conference, April 3-5, 2014, University of
Bridgeport, Bridgpeort, CT, USA.
Organizational Change: Case Study of General
101. Motors
Muhammad Aliuddin Khan
Department of Economics,
University of Peshawar
Peshawar Pakistan
[email protected]
Muhammad Hashim
Department of Business
Preston University
Islamabad Pakistan
[email protected]
Abstract— The main purpose of this article was to elaborate
and bring to light the core concept of the organization change,
how it works, diverse factors which moves organization to
change, steps for change, resistance for change, change forces,
change management approaches and last an example of General
Motor (GM) has given that how change was taken place in the
organization and what was the strategies for change
management. Recommendations and conclusion forms the last
part of the paper.
Keywords - Organization change, Factors, Resistance, GM.
I. ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE: A BRIEF
INTRODUCTION
The business world to day is going very fast and new
102. technology new methods of production and new taste of
customers and new market trends as well as new strategies for
best control of the organizations and motivation of employees
are emerging and taking place from old to new methods,
because the customers are the emperor of market and most of
the company now spending billions of amount on research and
development in the organization, by keeping in view all these
things the managers and experts of the today businesses now
compel to decide about the change management in the
organizations, because business activities now are globalize,
and every organization strive to sustained the loyal customers,
trained the employees, introduce and adopt new methods of
production and best control the activities of the organization,
so from here the concept of change management or
organization change starts. When the company feel that the
activities which they are doing, the management, the way of
administration, the use of technology, the human resource
policies, the culture of the organization, the liking and
disliking the contents and context of the organization by the
employees, organization structure, group concept ,the product
quality are continuously destroying the image and reputation
of the organization the question arises that how will change
the organization in present scenario, so when the expert
specialist decides about all the situation and preparing for
changing the organization it leads to the concept of
organizational change or change management[1] . In the word
of coetsee he said that it is the ability of the management that
how they can get maximum benefits and support form change
which reduces resistant from the side of employees and
encourage appreciate acceptance and support. The process of
changing the activities of the organization as well as the
implementation of the procedures and technologies to achieve
the desire objective of the organization, in simple words to
change the environment of the business organization and to
achieve a high profit from that change, usually change
103. management includes different aspects such as control change,
adaptation change and effecting change. The final goal of the
change management is the long term sustainability of the
organization. organizational change simply means to change
the activities of the organization concern it may includes to
change the culture of the organization, technology, business
process, change of employees, rules and procedures,
recruitment and selection, design of jobs, method of appraisal,
and human resource techniques, physical environment of the
organization, methods of training and development, job skill
and knowledge etc. when the change of the concern
organization is fundamental it is called organization
transformations. Change management means when all the
needed actions are taken to improve the present situation for
future to implement the change strategies to get the maximum
advantages and also see that the objectives of the organization
is achieving or not[2]
A. Factors Behind The Organization Change
As we have mentioned before that organization change occurs
due to some factors that may be external or internal, such
factors may also bring change in the activities of he
organization and may also create problems to harder the
change process, as every know that change creates resistance,
and this resistance may creates huge problems, resistance to
change is also from the old employees or middle level
managers or people as they always appose to the change
strategies due to their own way of thinking and perception
regarding the change concept, this may be due to lake of
knowledge about the situation or due to the self interest of the
old employees but what ever may be the reasons but it is fact