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Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-1
Introduction
Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases
Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected])
© 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning
12-1 Introduction
Lululemon Athletica is an athletic apparel company intended for
individuals with active
lifestyles. The organization has deep roots in the yoga
community and is one of the few
businesses to offer apparel for this specific market. Lululemon
is based in Vancouver, British
Columbia, Canada, and operates its clothing stores in numerous
countries throughout the
world. The apparel store offers product lines that include fitness
pants, shorts, tops, and
jackets for activities such as yoga, running, and other fitness
programs. It operates in three
segments. These segments consist of corporate-owned and
corporate-operated retail
stores, a direct to consumer e-commerce website, and wholesale
avenues. The company
operates more than 350 stores predominantly in the United
States, Canada, Australia, New
Zealand, and Singapore. Lululemon has grown rapidly in the
last 20 years and is expected
to continue its growth strategy well into the foreseeable future.
It has also established a
subsidiary geared toward youth called Iviva Athletica.
Store growth and expansion into other countries has allowed
Lululemon to achieve financial
success with revenues of $2.3 billion. While financially stable,
the organizational structure
has seen changes with the hiring of a new CEO. Lululemon
hired Laurent Potdevin in early
2014 hoping to appoint a worthy and experienced industry
professional. The company also
wanted to distance itself from negative headlines circling
around former CEO Denis “Chip”
Wilson. Potdevin was once the CEO at Toms and has worked in
the industry for over 20
years.
There is no question that Lululemon has seen great success in
recent years. From its
conception in 1998, the organization has grown tremendously in
markets across the globe.
However, Lululemon’s success has also been tainted by
controversy, negative publicity, and
questionable ethical decisions. This case will detail the issues
and controversies circling this
organization and identify how Lululemon has managed these
issues. In addition, we provide
information regarding the positive ethical decisions that have
been made throughout
Lululemon’s history.
Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-1
Introduction
Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases
Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected])
© 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning
© 2020 Cengage Learning Inc. All rights reserved. No part of
this work may by reproduced or used in any form or by any
means - graphic,
electronic, or mechanical, or in any other manner - without the
written permission of the copyright holder.
Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade
Chapter Contents
Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases
Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected])
© 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning
Case 12
Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade
12-1 Introduction
12-2 Background
12-3 Ethical Risks and Challenges
12-3a Founder Chip Wilson
12-4 Misleading Advertising
12-4a Corporate Culture
12-4b Too-Sheer Yoga Pants
12-4c Customer Privacy
12-5 Positive Ethical Practices
12-5a Contributions to Communities
12-6 Relationships with Employees
12-7 Conclusion
12-8 Chapter Review
12-8a Questions for Discussion
12-8b Sources
Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade
Chapter Contents
Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases
Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected])
© 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning
© 2020 Cengage Learning Inc. All rights reserved. No part of
this work may by reproduced or used in any form or by any
means - graphic,
electronic, or mechanical, or in any other manner - without the
written permission of the copyright holder.
Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-2
Background
Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases
Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected])
© 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning
12-2 Background
Lululemon was founded by Denis “Chip” Wilson in 1998 in
British Colombia, Canada. Prior
to Lululemon, Wilson had spent two decades in the surf, skate,
and snowboard business.
He was looking for a change. After attending the first
commercial yoga class offered in
Vancouver, Wilson fell in love with the activity and felt
incredible during and after the
exercises. With a passion for technical athletic fabrics, Wilson
realized that the current
cotton clothing being used for power yoga was inappropriate
and unpractical. Movements
required breathability, flexibility, and a stretchiness that an
individual could pour sweat into
during exercise. With this in mind, Wilson created a design
studio for his new clothing.
Struggling to pay rent, the design studio became a yoga studio
during the night hours. Yoga
instructors who taught at the studio were asked to wear the new
products and provided
Wilson with useful insight and feedback on the clothing. In
order to name the new company,
Wilson surveyed 100 people and offered a list of 20 brand
names as well as 20 logos.
Lululemon is a created word that has neither roots nor meaning.
It is believed that Wilson
selected this name because he enjoys the sound of the three Ls
when the word is spoken.
The logo, which is actually a stylized letter A, was a logo
intended for the brand name
Athletically Hip, which was not selected as the company’s
name.
The first store opened in November 2000, in the beach area of
Vancouver, British Columbia.
The store was intended to be a community-gathering place for
individuals to discuss health
topics like dieting, exercise, and cycling. However, the store
was so popular and busy that
satisfying the customer became nearly impossible. The business
grew quickly as products
were popular among customers and the staff was eager to learn,
expand, and challenge
themselves. While the company initially focused on women as
the target market, it has
since expanded with products for men. For instance, its ABC
pants, short for anti-ball
crushing and made from sweat-wicking and stretchy material,
became a top-selling item.
From the beginning, Lululemon had a strong mission that
embraced a healthy and active
lifestyle. Inspired by author and philosopher Ayn Rand, Chip
Wilson modeled Lululemon
with the intent that involves “elevating the world from
mediocrity to greatness.” The
company adopted the following mission statement: “Creating
components for people to live
longer, healthier, fun lives.” Lululemon tries to reflect this in
its corporate culture. Store
managers, for instance, are provided with much control over the
operations of their stores,
and Lululemon operates with a decentralized corporate culture.
Lululemon employees are
recruited and hired based on their level of commitment and how
well they fit into the
corporate culture. To bring its mission statement to fruition,
Lululemon refers to its
employees as “educators” to acknowledge the crucial role they
play in helping customers to
obtain a healthy and active lifestyle.
Lululemon stores today are focused heavily on community
involvement and interaction with
local enthusiasts. Nearly all stores host in-house events on a
nightly or weekly basis, with
classes ranging from beginner and advanced yoga to goal setting
and self-defense
workshops. Events and workshops generally occur after store
hours on the salesroom floor
after racks and products have been moved.
Unlike many stores, Lululemon does not offer discounts but
sells approximately 95 percent
of its products at full price. It also sells its products at higher
prices than its competitors,
reflecting the value of Lululemon’s products. Lululemon
operates on the concept of scarcity
to encourage customers to buy immediately. Its store shelves
often have fewer products
than the shelves can hold, and many products have quick life
cycle times such as six-week
life cycles. Customers are therefore encouraged to purchase the
product before it is gone,
which is thought to be a major influence in Lululemon’s
success. In fact, even secondhand
clothes for Lululemon sell for large amounts of money. Fans are
willing to pay hundreds of
dollars over the original store price to acquire limited-edition
Lululemon products on sites
like eBay.
In order to anchor its mission statement, Lululemon has adopted
seven core values: quality,
product, integrity, balance, entrepreneurship, fun, and
greatness. These values serve to
motivate employees and guide their decisions.
Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-2
Background
Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases
Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected])
© 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning
© 2020 Cengage Learning Inc. All rights reserved. No part of
this work may by reproduced or used in any form or by any
means - graphic,
electronic, or mechanical, or in any other manner - without the
written permission of the copyright holder.
Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-3a
Founder Chip Wilson
Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases
Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected])
© 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning
12-3a Founder Chip Wilson
Lululemon founder Chip Wilson is thought of by many as a man
with unorthodox opinions.
Although Wilson has not been CEO since 2005, he has been
known to do things without
informing top management, such as printing out Lululemon tote
bags with the phrase “Who
Is John Galt?” from Ayn Rand’s Atlas Shrugged. A former CEO
at Lululemon felt pressured
by Wilson to attend the Landmark Forum, a leadership-
development training program which
Wilson highly supports. However, after the new CEO Laurent
Pontdevin took over, he
emphasized that the firm would no longer exert as much
pressure on employees to attend
the Landmark Forum if they had no interest. Wilson has done
other controversial actions
that generated concern from Lululemon’s board.
Much of the controversy around Chip Wilson centers on his
statements. For instance, in a
2009 interview with Canada’s National Post Business Magazine,
he admitted to having
chosen the company name because “it’s funny to watch
[Japanese] say it.” Wilson also
stated on a blog his opinion that the rise in divorce rates and
breast cancer among “Power
Women” was due to a combination of smoking, taking birth
control pills, and the additional
stress which came from taking on the career responsibilities
once held mostly by men. He
attributed Lululemon’s growth as stemming from the coming
together of “female education
levels, breast cancer, yoga/athletics, and the desire to dress
feminine.”
Another highly controversial statement of Chip Wilson’s
involves his opinions regarding child
labor laws. Wilson argued that “third-world children should be
allowed to work in factories
because it provides them with much-needed wages.” He claimed
this can help lead citizens
of these countries out of poverty. The practice of child labor is
a hot-button issue in the
Western world because of the poor working conditions and
rampant abuse worldwide. This
support of child labor has angered critics, who believe
Lululemon might be exploiting
children in developing countries. They argue that providing
children with more education is
much more likely to lift them out of poverty than having them
earn low wages at a
dangerous job. Lululemon founder Chip Wilson would continue
to make controversial
statements, eventually leading to his resignation as Chairman of
the Board.
Chip Wilson later challenged the board, claiming that the
current board was not aligned with
Lululemon’s core values. He released this statement at the June
2014 shareholders
meeting and voted against the board’s chairman and another
director. Both men were
reelected. A few months later, Wilson sold half of his 27
percent stake to private equity
organization Advent International, who in turn received two
board seats on Lululemon’s
board. With less of a stake in the firm, Wilson’s impact on
decision making at the
organization is likely reduced.
Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-3a
Founder Chip Wilson
Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases
Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected])
© 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning
© 2020 Cengage Learning Inc. All rights reserved. No part of
this work may by reproduced or used in any form or by any
means - graphic,
electronic, or mechanical, or in any other manner - without the
written permission of the copyright holder.
Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-2
Background
Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases
Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected])
© 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning
12-2 Background
Lululemon was founded by Denis “Chip” Wilson in 1998 in
British Colombia, Canada. Prior
to Lululemon, Wilson had spent two decades in the surf, skate,
and snowboard business.
He was looking for a change. After attending the first
commercial yoga class offered in
Vancouver, Wilson fell in love with the activity and felt
incredible during and after the
exercises. With a passion for technical athletic fabrics, Wilson
realized that the current
cotton clothing being used for power yoga was inappropriate
and unpractical. Movements
required breathability, flexibility, and a stretchiness that an
individual could pour sweat into
during exercise. With this in mind, Wilson created a design
studio for his new clothing.
Struggling to pay rent, the design studio became a yoga studio
during the night hours. Yoga
instructors who taught at the studio were asked to wear the new
products and provided
Wilson with useful insight and feedback on the clothing. In
order to name the new company,
Wilson surveyed 100 people and offered a list of 20 brand
names as well as 20 logos.
Lululemon is a created word that has neither roots nor meaning.
It is believed that Wilson
selected this name because he enjoys the sound of the three Ls
when the word is spoken.
The logo, which is actually a stylized letter A, was a logo
intended for the brand name
Athletically Hip, which was not selected as the company’s
name.
The first store opened in November 2000, in the beach area of
Vancouver, British Columbia.
The store was intended to be a community-gathering place for
individuals to discuss health
topics like dieting, exercise, and cycling. However, the store
was so popular and busy that
satisfying the customer became nearly impossible. The business
grew quickly as products
were popular among customers and the staff was eager to learn,
expand, and challenge
themselves. While the company initially focused on women as
the target market, it has
since expanded with products for men. For instance, its ABC
pants, short for anti-ball
crushing and made from sweat-wicking and stretchy material,
became a top-selling item.
From the beginning, Lululemon had a strong mission that
embraced a healthy and active
lifestyle. Inspired by author and philosopher Ayn Rand, Chip
Wilson modeled Lululemon
with the intent that involves “elevating the world from
mediocrity to greatness.” The
company adopted the following mission statement: “Creating
components for people to live
longer, healthier, fun lives.” Lululemon tries to reflect this in
its corporate culture. Store
managers, for instance, are provided with much control over the
operations of their stores,
and Lululemon operates with a decentralized corporate culture.
Lululemon employees are
recruited and hired based on their level of commitment and how
well they fit into the
corporate culture. To bring its mission statement to fruition,
Lululemon refers to its
employees as “educators” to acknowledge the crucial role they
play in helping customers to
obtain a healthy and active lifestyle.
Lululemon stores today are focused heavily on community
involvement and interaction with
local enthusiasts. Nearly all stores host in-house events on a
nightly or weekly basis, with
classes ranging from beginner and advanced yoga to goal setting
and self-defense
workshops. Events and workshops generally occur after store
hours on the salesroom floor
after racks and products have been moved.
Unlike many stores, Lululemon does not offer discounts but
sells approximately 95 percent
of its products at full price. It also sells its products at higher
prices than its competitors,
reflecting the value of Lululemon’s products. Lululemon
operates on the concept of scarcity
to encourage customers to buy immediately. Its store shelves
often have fewer products
than the shelves can hold, and many products have quick life
cycle times such as six-week
life cycles. Customers are therefore encouraged to purchase the
product before it is gone,
which is thought to be a major influence in Lululemon’s
success. In fact, even secondhand
clothes for Lululemon sell for large amounts of money. Fans are
willing to pay hundreds of
dollars over the original store price to acquire limited-edition
Lululemon products on sites
like eBay.
In order to anchor its mission statement, Lululemon has adopted
seven core values: quality,
product, integrity, balance, entrepreneurship, fun, and
greatness. These values serve to
motivate employees and guide their decisions.
Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-2
Background
Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases
Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected])
© 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning
© 2020 Cengage Learning Inc. All rights reserved. No part of
this work may by reproduced or used in any form or by any
means - graphic,
electronic, or mechanical, or in any other manner - without the
written permission of the copyright holder.
Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-3
Ethical Risks and Challenges
Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases
Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected])
© 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning
12-3 Ethical Risks and Challenges
Despite Lululemon’s strong mission statement and core values,
Lululemon has faced much
controversy over its history. Founder and former CEO Chip
Wilson has also been criticized
for controversial statements he made, which eventually helped
lead to his ouster as
Chairman of the Board. There have also been questions
regarding whether Lululemon’s
corporate culture—with its strong emphasis on greatness and
competitiveness—is
necessarily healthy for employees.
Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-3
Ethical Risks and Challenges
Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases
Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected])
© 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning
© 2020 Cengage Learning Inc. All rights reserved. No part of
this work may by reproduced or used in any form or by any
means - graphic,
electronic, or mechanical, or in any other manner - without the
written permission of the copyright holder.
Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-4
Misleading Advertising
Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases
Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected])
© 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning
12-4 Misleading Advertising
In 2007 the New York Times cast doubt on the authenticity of
Lululemon’s VitaSea line of
products. Lululemon claimed that its VitaSea products were
infused with seaweed, which
had medicinal properties including stress relief. In November
2007, The New York Times
released an article claiming that it had tested VitaSea products
and could not find seaweed
fiber in the product. This claim unleashed a storm of criticism.
Lululemon responded by refuting the claims of The New York
Times. It cited independent
tests performed the previous year. It also responded to the
accusations by stating that a lab
in Hong Kong had performed different tests on the product
throughout the year, all of which
confirmed that the products contained everything that it
advertised.
However, Canada’s Competition Bureau challenged Lululemon,
not due to the content of
the VitaSea product but rather the company’s claims about the
product’s health benefits.
The bureau believed that these claims of health benefits from
seaweed were
unsubstantiated and ordered Lululemon to remove all such
labeling.
Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-4
Misleading Advertising
Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases
Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected])
© 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning
© 2020 Cengage Learning Inc. All rights reserved. No part of
this work may by reproduced or used in any form or by any
means - graphic,
electronic, or mechanical, or in any other manner - without the
written permission of the copyright holder.
Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-4a
Corporate Culture
Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases
Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected])
© 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning
12-4a Corporate Culture
As mentioned earlier, Wilson founded his company based upon
the values of Ayn Rand.
The notion of striving for greatness resonated with Wilson after
having read Rand’s book
Atlas Shrugged at the age of 18. Since then, he has utilized the
concept as a way to market
his brand. This idea of “greatness” contributes to a competitive
organizational culture.
Wilson admits that the firm tries to hire employees with Type A
personalities, or those with
more competitive personalities who are concerned with
achievement and personal
improvement. New hires read books selected by Chip Wilson
that he felt were critical to
personal development. Employees are also required to write out
their goals for the next 10
years, which are then posted in Lululemon stores. Employees
are encouraged to exercise
regularly and remain close-knit.
Some have questioned how this competitive culture obsessed
with greatness fits in with the
yoga tradition based on Buddhist and Hindu philosophies. Both
ideologies promote the
notion of ridding one’s self of the Ego. The Ego is seen as a
source of suffering, and
Buddhism is based on the absolution of suffering.
Enlightenment is achieved when the Ego
has been successfully removed. There are specific postures used
to accomplish this, and it
can take years of practice. On the other hand, one of the
criticisms of Lululemon goes back
to Ayn Rand’s teachings and their promotion of “rugged
individualism,” the elevation of
mediocrity to greatness, and the relentless pursuit of happiness.
Despite it being a
business, some believe that these “individual” teachings do not
belong in the yoga clothing
industry because they directly contradict the Vedic philosophy
that underlies yoga. Others
have claimed that Lululemon’s corporate culture is almost
“cultish” in its style. When
Lululemon donated $750,000 to the Dalai Lama Center for
Peace and Education, it received
both praise and criticism. While the Dalai Lama Center’s
chairman cited the company’s
generosity, critics believed the Dalai Lama should not be
associated with a profit-making
organization. However, the company claims that the donation
fits well with its vision of mind-
body-heart.
In March 2011, an employee of a Lululemon store located in
Bethesda, Maryland, was
brutally murdered by her coworker after hours. It is believed the
employee had observed the
coworker trying to steal clothing from Lululemon. After the
store closed, the coworker lured
the employee back into the store and brutally murdered her. She
then attempted to make
the scene look as if two masked men had broken in and harmed
them. After the truth was
revealed, the coworker was sentenced to life in prison without
parole.
Lululemon and many others attribute this brutality as a random
act of violence. However,
those who describe the corporate culture as “cultish” and
“competitive” argue that the
culture creates an environment where employees are pressured
to live up to company
standards. Although this in itself is certainly not the reason for
the murder, critics have
sometimes charged Lululemon with having an unethical
corporate culture promoting
competition over collaboration.
Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-4a
Corporate Culture
Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases
Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected])
© 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning
© 2020 Cengage Learning Inc. All rights reserved. No part of
this work may by reproduced or used in any form or by any
means - graphic,
electronic, or mechanical, or in any other manner - without the
written permission of the copyright holder.
Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-4b
Too-Sheer Yoga Pants
Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases
Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected])
© 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning
12-4b Too-Sheer Yoga Pants
A major ethical problem for Lululemon occurred in March 2013,
when it released black Luon
yoga pants that become sheer when the wearer would bend over.
The company instituted a
massive recall which comprised 17 percent of all the women’s
pants sold in their stores.
Even more damaging, The New York Post released a statement
from a customer who
claimed that she had to demonstrate the sheerness of her yoga
pants by bending over in
the store so the associate could check. Lululemon immediately
released a statement saying
that such conduct was not company policy and that they would
accept returns from
customers with no questions asked.
The recall resulted in large shortages, which impacted financial
results and drove the stock
price down. The company lost $2 billion in market value.
Certain styles of Lululemon pants
have also been accused of pilling, which occurs when fiber in
the pants balls up. After the
recall of the too-sheer yoga pants, investors attempted to sue
Lululemon, claiming that they
purposefully hid defects in the pants. However, the lawsuit was
dismissed the next year.
The scandal resulted in the resignation of CEO Christine Day. A
few months later, in
November 2013, Chip Wilson defended his product by
suggesting that women’s bodies are
to blame for the fabric’s sheerness and their tendency for
pilling. He also claims that many
women buy pants that are too small for them, which wears them
out. When questioned
about whether Lululemon is truly a clothing retailer for
everybody, Wilson stated that the
product is appropriate for all sizes but that some people simply
misuse the product. Critics
viewed this as a sexist comment, exacerbating the issue at hand.
Perhaps in an attempt to
make a joke, a store in Bethesda, Maryland, featured a poem on
its window: “Cups of Chai,
Apple Pie, Rubbing Thighs.” A photo of the poem was shared
on Twitter. The company
apologized and the poem was removed. In the midst of
consumer outrage, Wilson stepped
down as Chairman of the Board.
Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-4b
Too-Sheer Yoga Pants
Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases
Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected])
© 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning
© 2020 Cengage Learning Inc. All rights reserved. No part of
this work may by reproduced or used in any form or by any
means - graphic,
electronic, or mechanical, or in any other manner - without the
written permission of the copyright holder.
Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-4c
Customer Privacy
Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases
Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected])
© 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning
12-4c Customer Privacy
Lululemon is known for wanting to avoid collecting large
amounts of customer information
through big data techniques. Instead, it desires to have a close
and open relationship with
customers. One of the ways it does this is by listening to
customers as they shop in the
store. Lululemon takes customer complaints or concerns
seriously and will attempt to make
decisions based on this information.
Although this emphasis on listening to the customer is an
important part of Lululemon’s
customer relations, some people believe Lululemon takes it too
far. A less well-known
ethical risk that the company practices is the training of retail
employees to eavesdrop on
their customers. Lululemon prefers this to spending money on
marketing software that
tracks purchases or sending out survey requests. Christine Day,
the former CEO, used to
spend much of her time in retail stores, pretending to be a
customer, in order to listen to
complaints and observe shopping habits. When she was with the
company, she had stores
set up their clothes-folding tables next to the fitting rooms so
employees could better
overhear any complaints. Whether these practices are smart
marketing techniques or
infringements on privacy is ambiguous.
Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-4c
Customer Privacy
Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases
Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected])
© 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning
© 2020 Cengage Learning Inc. All rights reserved. No part of
this work may by reproduced or used in any form or by any
means - graphic,
electronic, or mechanical, or in any other manner - without the
written permission of the copyright holder.
Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-5
Positive Ethical Practices
Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases
Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected])
© 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning
12-5 Positive Ethical Practices
Despite the criticisms launched against Lululemon, the mission
to help customers live a
better life continues. Lululemon defines having a better life as
living healthier, leading to a
longer and more adequate life. Its mission to elevate humanity
from mediocrity to greatness
demonstrates that it wants consumers and employees to achieve
their maximum potential.
This is not too different from Abraham Maslow’s concept of
self-actualization. Lululemon has
developed a manifesto to describe its way of business: “We are
passionate about sweating
every day and we want the world to know it. Breathing deeply,
drinking water, and getting
outside also top the list of things we can’t live without. Get to
know our manifesto and learn
a little more about what lights our fire.”
This manifesto clearly shows the backbone of Lululemon and
the way it does business. The
manifesto strives toward providing greatness to the people that
use Lululemon products.
The higher prices Lululemon charges are a sign of excellence
and the belief that it is selling
more than just clothing to the customers. It is a belief that the
customer is buying a lifestyle
that comes with the Lululemon brand and the set of values that
Lululemon is conveying in
the manifesto. As a result, Lululemon has gained a large
following and clientele that believe
in its products.
Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-5
Positive Ethical Practices
Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases
Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected])
© 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning
© 2020 Cengage Learning Inc. All rights reserved. No part of
this work may by reproduced or used in any form or by any
means - graphic,
electronic, or mechanical, or in any other manner - without the
written permission of the copyright holder.
Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-5a
Contributions to Communities
Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases
Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected])
© 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning
12-5a Contributions to Communities
Lululemon takes its responsibilities to communities seriously. It
recognizes that community
involvement will not only help gain new customers but also
promote its mission of creating a
healthier lifestyle. For these reasons, Lululemon holds free
weekly yoga classes taught by
fitness professionals. Lululemon shoppers who have attended
the free yoga classes can get
a 15 percent discount on their purchases.
Additionally, while the practice of secretly observing customers
might be controversial in
some ways, it also demonstrates Lululemon’s commitment
toward meeting customer needs.
Lululemon believes that customer relationships are not based on
technology but rather on
more basic marketing techniques like simply talking with the
customer. The Lululemon
culture encourages employees to establish strong connections
with their customers, which
is why the company emphasizes that its employees are
“educators.” By listening carefully to
customer concerns as they shop, Lululemon gets an immediate
picture of problems that the
company can address. For instance, one time when the CEO was
in a Lululemon store she
overheard many complaints that a certain type of knit sweater
had sleeves that were too
tight. Based on this information, she canceled future orders. It
is clear that Lululemon is
willing to make quick product changes in response to customer
feedback.
Lululemon also contributes to local charities throughout its
communities. In many
communities, Lululemon empowers customers by offering the
clientele the opportunity to
suggest organizations and charities to receive donations.
Lululemon’s program allows for up
to eight local charities to receive donations. This shows its
commitment to its local
communities and willingness to give back as much as possible,
while still maintaining a
healthy bottom line. Lululemon’s efforts display a stakeholder
mindset as it makes decisions
that benefit its shareholders, clients, local neighborhoods, and
nearby businesses.
Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-5a
Contributions to Communities
Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases
Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected])
© 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning
© 2020 Cengage Learning Inc. All rights reserved. No part of
this work may by reproduced or used in any form or by any
means - graphic,
electronic, or mechanical, or in any other manner - without the
written permission of the copyright holder.
Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-6
Relationships with Employees
Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases
Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected])
© 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning
12-6 Relationships with Employees
Lululemon recognizes that customer satisfaction is only as good
as the employees that
provide it. Lululemon therefore strives to make its employees
into ambassadors for the
brand. This can only happen if employees are passionate and
committed to company
products and values. The hiring process at Lululemon is
extensive as the firm only wants to
hire those who it believes will be the right fit with its company
culture. It is also costly.
Applicants may go through more than one interview, and those
that get farther in the
process are often asked to attend yoga classes where the
recruiters can see how they
interact with others. When an applicant is chosen as an
employee, he or she will undergo
30 hours of training. They also spend three weeks working on
the floor.
As mentioned before, Lululemon strives to get its employees
inspired. Employees must
develop their personal goals, which are then hung in the stores.
To encourage healthy living
and incentivize employees, the company offers staff free fitness
classes. It also tries to help
employees find the right balance between family and work.
Lululemon frequently sends
merchandising tips to sales employees and encourages them to
take responsibility and
ownership of the store.
Lululemon believes in hiring managers internally, which
motivates lower-level employees
because they know they have a good chance of becoming a
leader. Approximately 70
percent of Lululemon managers are internal hires. Employee
satisfaction at Lululemon
appears to be high; in exit interviews, 90 percent of employees
claim they would
recommend to their friends to work at Lululemon.
Lululemon also offers its employees unique perks. It frequently
sanctions events such as
group hikes or exercise sessions to help its employees bond
with one another. After a year
of employment, Lululemon sends employees to the Landmark
Forum, a three-day self-
improvement program at a cost of approximately $500 per
employee. (Some have criticized
the Landmark Forum and Chip Wilson’s endorsement of it,
while others claim the
experience transformed their lives.) Lululemon has also created
the “Fund a Goal” program
for high-performing employees. This incentive pays for these
employees to achieve one of
the goals on their list. In 2017 Lululemon was ranked as number
76 on Forbes list of
America’s Best Employers.
Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-6
Relationships with Employees
Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases
Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected])
© 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning
© 2020 Cengage Learning Inc. All rights reserved. No part of
this work may by reproduced or used in any form or by any
means - graphic,
electronic, or mechanical, or in any other manner - without the
written permission of the copyright holder.
Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-7
Conclusion
Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases
Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected])
© 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning
12-7 Conclusion
Lululemon focuses much of its efforts on the legacy that it will
leave behind (the legacy it is
creating now for future generations). Throughout the years,
Lululemon has created a culture
of promoting a healthy lifestyle, which can be achieved through
healthy eating, yogi
tradition, and in-store fitness classes. The company stresses a
culture in which employees,
customers, and other stakeholders can achieve greatness. As a
result, the organization has
seen rapid success and growth during the last decade. However,
the company has been hit
by a number of scandals, requiring it to rebuild its reputation
and adopt new leadership.
In addition to these ethical issues, Lululemon and its
competitors seem to be facing a
slowdown in the apparel and athletic wear industry. This
slowdown has investors
concerned. CEO Laurent Potdevin maintains that the slower
sales were the result of a drab
product assortment that consumers did not find aesthetically
appealing. He believes
Lululemon is well on its way to correcting these issues,
including releasing more colorful
clothes in the future. Whether this will help jumpstart sales
again has yet to be determined.
Lululemon must also be vigilant as its success has attracted
major competitors like Nike and
Under Amour into the industry.
The changes that Lululemon has implemented demonstrate that
the organization is willing
to make difficult decisions to do the right thing. If Lululemon
continues to put stakeholders
first and refuses to deviate from its values, it is likely to avoid
similar ethical issues in the
future. A strong values-based corporate culture will help
Lululemon remain a successful
company with a reputation for both ethical behavior and quality
products. In addition, most
companies the size of Lululemon have an effective ethics and
compliance program to help
build an ethical culture. Based on past issues that the company
has faced, it appears that it
is time to embrace a more proactive approach to managing
ethics and social responsibility.
Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-7
Conclusion
Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases
Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected])
© 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning
© 2020 Cengage Learning Inc. All rights reserved. No part of
this work may by reproduced or used in any form or by any
means - graphic,
electronic, or mechanical, or in any other manner - without the
written permission of the copyright holder.

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Chapter 12 Lululemon Turning Lemons into Lemonade 12-1 Intr.docx

  • 1. Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-1 Introduction Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected]) © 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning 12-1 Introduction Lululemon Athletica is an athletic apparel company intended for individuals with active lifestyles. The organization has deep roots in the yoga community and is one of the few businesses to offer apparel for this specific market. Lululemon is based in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, and operates its clothing stores in numerous countries throughout the world. The apparel store offers product lines that include fitness pants, shorts, tops, and jackets for activities such as yoga, running, and other fitness programs. It operates in three segments. These segments consist of corporate-owned and corporate-operated retail stores, a direct to consumer e-commerce website, and wholesale avenues. The company
  • 2. operates more than 350 stores predominantly in the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Singapore. Lululemon has grown rapidly in the last 20 years and is expected to continue its growth strategy well into the foreseeable future. It has also established a subsidiary geared toward youth called Iviva Athletica. Store growth and expansion into other countries has allowed Lululemon to achieve financial success with revenues of $2.3 billion. While financially stable, the organizational structure has seen changes with the hiring of a new CEO. Lululemon hired Laurent Potdevin in early 2014 hoping to appoint a worthy and experienced industry professional. The company also wanted to distance itself from negative headlines circling around former CEO Denis “Chip” Wilson. Potdevin was once the CEO at Toms and has worked in the industry for over 20 years. There is no question that Lululemon has seen great success in recent years. From its conception in 1998, the organization has grown tremendously in markets across the globe.
  • 3. However, Lululemon’s success has also been tainted by controversy, negative publicity, and questionable ethical decisions. This case will detail the issues and controversies circling this organization and identify how Lululemon has managed these issues. In addition, we provide information regarding the positive ethical decisions that have been made throughout Lululemon’s history. Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-1 Introduction Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected]) © 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning © 2020 Cengage Learning Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this work may by reproduced or used in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical, or in any other manner - without the written permission of the copyright holder. Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade Chapter Contents Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected]) © 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning
  • 4. Case 12 Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade 12-1 Introduction 12-2 Background 12-3 Ethical Risks and Challenges 12-3a Founder Chip Wilson 12-4 Misleading Advertising 12-4a Corporate Culture 12-4b Too-Sheer Yoga Pants 12-4c Customer Privacy 12-5 Positive Ethical Practices 12-5a Contributions to Communities 12-6 Relationships with Employees 12-7 Conclusion 12-8 Chapter Review 12-8a Questions for Discussion 12-8b Sources Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade Chapter Contents
  • 5. Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected]) © 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning © 2020 Cengage Learning Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this work may by reproduced or used in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical, or in any other manner - without the written permission of the copyright holder. Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-2 Background Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected]) © 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning 12-2 Background Lululemon was founded by Denis “Chip” Wilson in 1998 in British Colombia, Canada. Prior to Lululemon, Wilson had spent two decades in the surf, skate, and snowboard business. He was looking for a change. After attending the first commercial yoga class offered in Vancouver, Wilson fell in love with the activity and felt incredible during and after the exercises. With a passion for technical athletic fabrics, Wilson realized that the current
  • 6. cotton clothing being used for power yoga was inappropriate and unpractical. Movements required breathability, flexibility, and a stretchiness that an individual could pour sweat into during exercise. With this in mind, Wilson created a design studio for his new clothing. Struggling to pay rent, the design studio became a yoga studio during the night hours. Yoga instructors who taught at the studio were asked to wear the new products and provided Wilson with useful insight and feedback on the clothing. In order to name the new company, Wilson surveyed 100 people and offered a list of 20 brand names as well as 20 logos. Lululemon is a created word that has neither roots nor meaning. It is believed that Wilson selected this name because he enjoys the sound of the three Ls when the word is spoken. The logo, which is actually a stylized letter A, was a logo intended for the brand name Athletically Hip, which was not selected as the company’s name. The first store opened in November 2000, in the beach area of Vancouver, British Columbia.
  • 7. The store was intended to be a community-gathering place for individuals to discuss health topics like dieting, exercise, and cycling. However, the store was so popular and busy that satisfying the customer became nearly impossible. The business grew quickly as products were popular among customers and the staff was eager to learn, expand, and challenge themselves. While the company initially focused on women as the target market, it has since expanded with products for men. For instance, its ABC pants, short for anti-ball crushing and made from sweat-wicking and stretchy material, became a top-selling item. From the beginning, Lululemon had a strong mission that embraced a healthy and active lifestyle. Inspired by author and philosopher Ayn Rand, Chip Wilson modeled Lululemon with the intent that involves “elevating the world from mediocrity to greatness.” The company adopted the following mission statement: “Creating components for people to live longer, healthier, fun lives.” Lululemon tries to reflect this in its corporate culture. Store
  • 8. managers, for instance, are provided with much control over the operations of their stores, and Lululemon operates with a decentralized corporate culture. Lululemon employees are recruited and hired based on their level of commitment and how well they fit into the corporate culture. To bring its mission statement to fruition, Lululemon refers to its employees as “educators” to acknowledge the crucial role they play in helping customers to obtain a healthy and active lifestyle. Lululemon stores today are focused heavily on community involvement and interaction with local enthusiasts. Nearly all stores host in-house events on a nightly or weekly basis, with classes ranging from beginner and advanced yoga to goal setting and self-defense workshops. Events and workshops generally occur after store hours on the salesroom floor after racks and products have been moved. Unlike many stores, Lululemon does not offer discounts but sells approximately 95 percent
  • 9. of its products at full price. It also sells its products at higher prices than its competitors, reflecting the value of Lululemon’s products. Lululemon operates on the concept of scarcity to encourage customers to buy immediately. Its store shelves often have fewer products than the shelves can hold, and many products have quick life cycle times such as six-week life cycles. Customers are therefore encouraged to purchase the product before it is gone, which is thought to be a major influence in Lululemon’s success. In fact, even secondhand clothes for Lululemon sell for large amounts of money. Fans are willing to pay hundreds of dollars over the original store price to acquire limited-edition Lululemon products on sites like eBay. In order to anchor its mission statement, Lululemon has adopted seven core values: quality, product, integrity, balance, entrepreneurship, fun, and greatness. These values serve to motivate employees and guide their decisions. Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-2 Background
  • 10. Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected]) © 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning © 2020 Cengage Learning Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this work may by reproduced or used in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical, or in any other manner - without the written permission of the copyright holder. Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-3a Founder Chip Wilson Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected]) © 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning 12-3a Founder Chip Wilson Lululemon founder Chip Wilson is thought of by many as a man with unorthodox opinions. Although Wilson has not been CEO since 2005, he has been known to do things without informing top management, such as printing out Lululemon tote bags with the phrase “Who Is John Galt?” from Ayn Rand’s Atlas Shrugged. A former CEO at Lululemon felt pressured by Wilson to attend the Landmark Forum, a leadership- development training program which
  • 11. Wilson highly supports. However, after the new CEO Laurent Pontdevin took over, he emphasized that the firm would no longer exert as much pressure on employees to attend the Landmark Forum if they had no interest. Wilson has done other controversial actions that generated concern from Lululemon’s board. Much of the controversy around Chip Wilson centers on his statements. For instance, in a 2009 interview with Canada’s National Post Business Magazine, he admitted to having chosen the company name because “it’s funny to watch [Japanese] say it.” Wilson also stated on a blog his opinion that the rise in divorce rates and breast cancer among “Power Women” was due to a combination of smoking, taking birth control pills, and the additional stress which came from taking on the career responsibilities once held mostly by men. He attributed Lululemon’s growth as stemming from the coming together of “female education levels, breast cancer, yoga/athletics, and the desire to dress feminine.” Another highly controversial statement of Chip Wilson’s
  • 12. involves his opinions regarding child labor laws. Wilson argued that “third-world children should be allowed to work in factories because it provides them with much-needed wages.” He claimed this can help lead citizens of these countries out of poverty. The practice of child labor is a hot-button issue in the Western world because of the poor working conditions and rampant abuse worldwide. This support of child labor has angered critics, who believe Lululemon might be exploiting children in developing countries. They argue that providing children with more education is much more likely to lift them out of poverty than having them earn low wages at a dangerous job. Lululemon founder Chip Wilson would continue to make controversial statements, eventually leading to his resignation as Chairman of the Board. Chip Wilson later challenged the board, claiming that the current board was not aligned with Lululemon’s core values. He released this statement at the June 2014 shareholders meeting and voted against the board’s chairman and another
  • 13. director. Both men were reelected. A few months later, Wilson sold half of his 27 percent stake to private equity organization Advent International, who in turn received two board seats on Lululemon’s board. With less of a stake in the firm, Wilson’s impact on decision making at the organization is likely reduced. Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-3a Founder Chip Wilson Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected]) © 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning © 2020 Cengage Learning Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this work may by reproduced or used in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical, or in any other manner - without the written permission of the copyright holder. Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-2 Background Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected]) © 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning
  • 14. 12-2 Background Lululemon was founded by Denis “Chip” Wilson in 1998 in British Colombia, Canada. Prior to Lululemon, Wilson had spent two decades in the surf, skate, and snowboard business. He was looking for a change. After attending the first commercial yoga class offered in Vancouver, Wilson fell in love with the activity and felt incredible during and after the exercises. With a passion for technical athletic fabrics, Wilson realized that the current cotton clothing being used for power yoga was inappropriate and unpractical. Movements required breathability, flexibility, and a stretchiness that an individual could pour sweat into during exercise. With this in mind, Wilson created a design studio for his new clothing. Struggling to pay rent, the design studio became a yoga studio during the night hours. Yoga instructors who taught at the studio were asked to wear the new products and provided Wilson with useful insight and feedback on the clothing. In order to name the new company,
  • 15. Wilson surveyed 100 people and offered a list of 20 brand names as well as 20 logos. Lululemon is a created word that has neither roots nor meaning. It is believed that Wilson selected this name because he enjoys the sound of the three Ls when the word is spoken. The logo, which is actually a stylized letter A, was a logo intended for the brand name Athletically Hip, which was not selected as the company’s name. The first store opened in November 2000, in the beach area of Vancouver, British Columbia. The store was intended to be a community-gathering place for individuals to discuss health topics like dieting, exercise, and cycling. However, the store was so popular and busy that satisfying the customer became nearly impossible. The business grew quickly as products were popular among customers and the staff was eager to learn, expand, and challenge themselves. While the company initially focused on women as the target market, it has since expanded with products for men. For instance, its ABC pants, short for anti-ball
  • 16. crushing and made from sweat-wicking and stretchy material, became a top-selling item. From the beginning, Lululemon had a strong mission that embraced a healthy and active lifestyle. Inspired by author and philosopher Ayn Rand, Chip Wilson modeled Lululemon with the intent that involves “elevating the world from mediocrity to greatness.” The company adopted the following mission statement: “Creating components for people to live longer, healthier, fun lives.” Lululemon tries to reflect this in its corporate culture. Store managers, for instance, are provided with much control over the operations of their stores, and Lululemon operates with a decentralized corporate culture. Lululemon employees are recruited and hired based on their level of commitment and how well they fit into the corporate culture. To bring its mission statement to fruition, Lululemon refers to its employees as “educators” to acknowledge the crucial role they play in helping customers to obtain a healthy and active lifestyle. Lululemon stores today are focused heavily on community
  • 17. involvement and interaction with local enthusiasts. Nearly all stores host in-house events on a nightly or weekly basis, with classes ranging from beginner and advanced yoga to goal setting and self-defense workshops. Events and workshops generally occur after store hours on the salesroom floor after racks and products have been moved. Unlike many stores, Lululemon does not offer discounts but sells approximately 95 percent of its products at full price. It also sells its products at higher prices than its competitors, reflecting the value of Lululemon’s products. Lululemon operates on the concept of scarcity to encourage customers to buy immediately. Its store shelves often have fewer products than the shelves can hold, and many products have quick life cycle times such as six-week life cycles. Customers are therefore encouraged to purchase the product before it is gone, which is thought to be a major influence in Lululemon’s success. In fact, even secondhand
  • 18. clothes for Lululemon sell for large amounts of money. Fans are willing to pay hundreds of dollars over the original store price to acquire limited-edition Lululemon products on sites like eBay. In order to anchor its mission statement, Lululemon has adopted seven core values: quality, product, integrity, balance, entrepreneurship, fun, and greatness. These values serve to motivate employees and guide their decisions. Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-2 Background Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected]) © 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning © 2020 Cengage Learning Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this work may by reproduced or used in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical, or in any other manner - without the written permission of the copyright holder. Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-3 Ethical Risks and Challenges Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected]) © 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning
  • 19. 12-3 Ethical Risks and Challenges Despite Lululemon’s strong mission statement and core values, Lululemon has faced much controversy over its history. Founder and former CEO Chip Wilson has also been criticized for controversial statements he made, which eventually helped lead to his ouster as Chairman of the Board. There have also been questions regarding whether Lululemon’s corporate culture—with its strong emphasis on greatness and competitiveness—is necessarily healthy for employees. Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-3 Ethical Risks and Challenges Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected]) © 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning © 2020 Cengage Learning Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this work may by reproduced or used in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical, or in any other manner - without the written permission of the copyright holder. Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-4
  • 20. Misleading Advertising Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected]) © 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning 12-4 Misleading Advertising In 2007 the New York Times cast doubt on the authenticity of Lululemon’s VitaSea line of products. Lululemon claimed that its VitaSea products were infused with seaweed, which had medicinal properties including stress relief. In November 2007, The New York Times released an article claiming that it had tested VitaSea products and could not find seaweed fiber in the product. This claim unleashed a storm of criticism. Lululemon responded by refuting the claims of The New York Times. It cited independent tests performed the previous year. It also responded to the accusations by stating that a lab in Hong Kong had performed different tests on the product throughout the year, all of which confirmed that the products contained everything that it advertised. However, Canada’s Competition Bureau challenged Lululemon, not due to the content of
  • 21. the VitaSea product but rather the company’s claims about the product’s health benefits. The bureau believed that these claims of health benefits from seaweed were unsubstantiated and ordered Lululemon to remove all such labeling. Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-4 Misleading Advertising Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected]) © 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning © 2020 Cengage Learning Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this work may by reproduced or used in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical, or in any other manner - without the written permission of the copyright holder. Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-4a Corporate Culture Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected]) © 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning 12-4a Corporate Culture As mentioned earlier, Wilson founded his company based upon the values of Ayn Rand. The notion of striving for greatness resonated with Wilson after
  • 22. having read Rand’s book Atlas Shrugged at the age of 18. Since then, he has utilized the concept as a way to market his brand. This idea of “greatness” contributes to a competitive organizational culture. Wilson admits that the firm tries to hire employees with Type A personalities, or those with more competitive personalities who are concerned with achievement and personal improvement. New hires read books selected by Chip Wilson that he felt were critical to personal development. Employees are also required to write out their goals for the next 10 years, which are then posted in Lululemon stores. Employees are encouraged to exercise regularly and remain close-knit. Some have questioned how this competitive culture obsessed with greatness fits in with the yoga tradition based on Buddhist and Hindu philosophies. Both ideologies promote the notion of ridding one’s self of the Ego. The Ego is seen as a source of suffering, and Buddhism is based on the absolution of suffering. Enlightenment is achieved when the Ego
  • 23. has been successfully removed. There are specific postures used to accomplish this, and it can take years of practice. On the other hand, one of the criticisms of Lululemon goes back to Ayn Rand’s teachings and their promotion of “rugged individualism,” the elevation of mediocrity to greatness, and the relentless pursuit of happiness. Despite it being a business, some believe that these “individual” teachings do not belong in the yoga clothing industry because they directly contradict the Vedic philosophy that underlies yoga. Others have claimed that Lululemon’s corporate culture is almost “cultish” in its style. When Lululemon donated $750,000 to the Dalai Lama Center for Peace and Education, it received both praise and criticism. While the Dalai Lama Center’s chairman cited the company’s generosity, critics believed the Dalai Lama should not be associated with a profit-making organization. However, the company claims that the donation fits well with its vision of mind- body-heart.
  • 24. In March 2011, an employee of a Lululemon store located in Bethesda, Maryland, was brutally murdered by her coworker after hours. It is believed the employee had observed the coworker trying to steal clothing from Lululemon. After the store closed, the coworker lured the employee back into the store and brutally murdered her. She then attempted to make the scene look as if two masked men had broken in and harmed them. After the truth was revealed, the coworker was sentenced to life in prison without parole. Lululemon and many others attribute this brutality as a random act of violence. However, those who describe the corporate culture as “cultish” and “competitive” argue that the culture creates an environment where employees are pressured to live up to company standards. Although this in itself is certainly not the reason for the murder, critics have sometimes charged Lululemon with having an unethical corporate culture promoting competition over collaboration. Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-4a
  • 25. Corporate Culture Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected]) © 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning © 2020 Cengage Learning Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this work may by reproduced or used in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical, or in any other manner - without the written permission of the copyright holder. Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-4b Too-Sheer Yoga Pants Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected]) © 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning 12-4b Too-Sheer Yoga Pants A major ethical problem for Lululemon occurred in March 2013, when it released black Luon yoga pants that become sheer when the wearer would bend over. The company instituted a massive recall which comprised 17 percent of all the women’s pants sold in their stores. Even more damaging, The New York Post released a statement from a customer who
  • 26. claimed that she had to demonstrate the sheerness of her yoga pants by bending over in the store so the associate could check. Lululemon immediately released a statement saying that such conduct was not company policy and that they would accept returns from customers with no questions asked. The recall resulted in large shortages, which impacted financial results and drove the stock price down. The company lost $2 billion in market value. Certain styles of Lululemon pants have also been accused of pilling, which occurs when fiber in the pants balls up. After the recall of the too-sheer yoga pants, investors attempted to sue Lululemon, claiming that they purposefully hid defects in the pants. However, the lawsuit was dismissed the next year. The scandal resulted in the resignation of CEO Christine Day. A few months later, in November 2013, Chip Wilson defended his product by suggesting that women’s bodies are to blame for the fabric’s sheerness and their tendency for pilling. He also claims that many
  • 27. women buy pants that are too small for them, which wears them out. When questioned about whether Lululemon is truly a clothing retailer for everybody, Wilson stated that the product is appropriate for all sizes but that some people simply misuse the product. Critics viewed this as a sexist comment, exacerbating the issue at hand. Perhaps in an attempt to make a joke, a store in Bethesda, Maryland, featured a poem on its window: “Cups of Chai, Apple Pie, Rubbing Thighs.” A photo of the poem was shared on Twitter. The company apologized and the poem was removed. In the midst of consumer outrage, Wilson stepped down as Chairman of the Board. Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-4b Too-Sheer Yoga Pants Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected]) © 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning © 2020 Cengage Learning Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this work may by reproduced or used in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical, or in any other manner - without the written permission of the copyright holder.
  • 28. Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-4c Customer Privacy Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected]) © 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning 12-4c Customer Privacy Lululemon is known for wanting to avoid collecting large amounts of customer information through big data techniques. Instead, it desires to have a close and open relationship with customers. One of the ways it does this is by listening to customers as they shop in the store. Lululemon takes customer complaints or concerns seriously and will attempt to make decisions based on this information. Although this emphasis on listening to the customer is an important part of Lululemon’s customer relations, some people believe Lululemon takes it too far. A less well-known ethical risk that the company practices is the training of retail employees to eavesdrop on their customers. Lululemon prefers this to spending money on marketing software that
  • 29. tracks purchases or sending out survey requests. Christine Day, the former CEO, used to spend much of her time in retail stores, pretending to be a customer, in order to listen to complaints and observe shopping habits. When she was with the company, she had stores set up their clothes-folding tables next to the fitting rooms so employees could better overhear any complaints. Whether these practices are smart marketing techniques or infringements on privacy is ambiguous. Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-4c Customer Privacy Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected]) © 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning © 2020 Cengage Learning Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this work may by reproduced or used in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical, or in any other manner - without the written permission of the copyright holder. Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-5 Positive Ethical Practices Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected])
  • 30. © 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning 12-5 Positive Ethical Practices Despite the criticisms launched against Lululemon, the mission to help customers live a better life continues. Lululemon defines having a better life as living healthier, leading to a longer and more adequate life. Its mission to elevate humanity from mediocrity to greatness demonstrates that it wants consumers and employees to achieve their maximum potential. This is not too different from Abraham Maslow’s concept of self-actualization. Lululemon has developed a manifesto to describe its way of business: “We are passionate about sweating every day and we want the world to know it. Breathing deeply, drinking water, and getting outside also top the list of things we can’t live without. Get to know our manifesto and learn a little more about what lights our fire.” This manifesto clearly shows the backbone of Lululemon and the way it does business. The manifesto strives toward providing greatness to the people that use Lululemon products.
  • 31. The higher prices Lululemon charges are a sign of excellence and the belief that it is selling more than just clothing to the customers. It is a belief that the customer is buying a lifestyle that comes with the Lululemon brand and the set of values that Lululemon is conveying in the manifesto. As a result, Lululemon has gained a large following and clientele that believe in its products. Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-5 Positive Ethical Practices Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected]) © 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning © 2020 Cengage Learning Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this work may by reproduced or used in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical, or in any other manner - without the written permission of the copyright holder. Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-5a Contributions to Communities Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected]) © 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning 12-5a Contributions to Communities
  • 32. Lululemon takes its responsibilities to communities seriously. It recognizes that community involvement will not only help gain new customers but also promote its mission of creating a healthier lifestyle. For these reasons, Lululemon holds free weekly yoga classes taught by fitness professionals. Lululemon shoppers who have attended the free yoga classes can get a 15 percent discount on their purchases. Additionally, while the practice of secretly observing customers might be controversial in some ways, it also demonstrates Lululemon’s commitment toward meeting customer needs. Lululemon believes that customer relationships are not based on technology but rather on more basic marketing techniques like simply talking with the customer. The Lululemon culture encourages employees to establish strong connections with their customers, which is why the company emphasizes that its employees are “educators.” By listening carefully to customer concerns as they shop, Lululemon gets an immediate picture of problems that the
  • 33. company can address. For instance, one time when the CEO was in a Lululemon store she overheard many complaints that a certain type of knit sweater had sleeves that were too tight. Based on this information, she canceled future orders. It is clear that Lululemon is willing to make quick product changes in response to customer feedback. Lululemon also contributes to local charities throughout its communities. In many communities, Lululemon empowers customers by offering the clientele the opportunity to suggest organizations and charities to receive donations. Lululemon’s program allows for up to eight local charities to receive donations. This shows its commitment to its local communities and willingness to give back as much as possible, while still maintaining a healthy bottom line. Lululemon’s efforts display a stakeholder mindset as it makes decisions that benefit its shareholders, clients, local neighborhoods, and nearby businesses. Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-5a Contributions to Communities Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases
  • 34. Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected]) © 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning © 2020 Cengage Learning Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this work may by reproduced or used in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical, or in any other manner - without the written permission of the copyright holder. Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-6 Relationships with Employees Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected]) © 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning 12-6 Relationships with Employees Lululemon recognizes that customer satisfaction is only as good as the employees that provide it. Lululemon therefore strives to make its employees into ambassadors for the brand. This can only happen if employees are passionate and committed to company products and values. The hiring process at Lululemon is extensive as the firm only wants to hire those who it believes will be the right fit with its company culture. It is also costly. Applicants may go through more than one interview, and those
  • 35. that get farther in the process are often asked to attend yoga classes where the recruiters can see how they interact with others. When an applicant is chosen as an employee, he or she will undergo 30 hours of training. They also spend three weeks working on the floor. As mentioned before, Lululemon strives to get its employees inspired. Employees must develop their personal goals, which are then hung in the stores. To encourage healthy living and incentivize employees, the company offers staff free fitness classes. It also tries to help employees find the right balance between family and work. Lululemon frequently sends merchandising tips to sales employees and encourages them to take responsibility and ownership of the store. Lululemon believes in hiring managers internally, which motivates lower-level employees because they know they have a good chance of becoming a leader. Approximately 70 percent of Lululemon managers are internal hires. Employee satisfaction at Lululemon
  • 36. appears to be high; in exit interviews, 90 percent of employees claim they would recommend to their friends to work at Lululemon. Lululemon also offers its employees unique perks. It frequently sanctions events such as group hikes or exercise sessions to help its employees bond with one another. After a year of employment, Lululemon sends employees to the Landmark Forum, a three-day self- improvement program at a cost of approximately $500 per employee. (Some have criticized the Landmark Forum and Chip Wilson’s endorsement of it, while others claim the experience transformed their lives.) Lululemon has also created the “Fund a Goal” program for high-performing employees. This incentive pays for these employees to achieve one of the goals on their list. In 2017 Lululemon was ranked as number 76 on Forbes list of America’s Best Employers. Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-6 Relationships with Employees Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected])
  • 37. © 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning © 2020 Cengage Learning Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this work may by reproduced or used in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical, or in any other manner - without the written permission of the copyright holder. Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-7 Conclusion Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected]) © 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning 12-7 Conclusion Lululemon focuses much of its efforts on the legacy that it will leave behind (the legacy it is creating now for future generations). Throughout the years, Lululemon has created a culture of promoting a healthy lifestyle, which can be achieved through healthy eating, yogi tradition, and in-store fitness classes. The company stresses a culture in which employees, customers, and other stakeholders can achieve greatness. As a result, the organization has seen rapid success and growth during the last decade. However, the company has been hit
  • 38. by a number of scandals, requiring it to rebuild its reputation and adopt new leadership. In addition to these ethical issues, Lululemon and its competitors seem to be facing a slowdown in the apparel and athletic wear industry. This slowdown has investors concerned. CEO Laurent Potdevin maintains that the slower sales were the result of a drab product assortment that consumers did not find aesthetically appealing. He believes Lululemon is well on its way to correcting these issues, including releasing more colorful clothes in the future. Whether this will help jumpstart sales again has yet to be determined. Lululemon must also be vigilant as its success has attracted major competitors like Nike and Under Amour into the industry. The changes that Lululemon has implemented demonstrate that the organization is willing to make difficult decisions to do the right thing. If Lululemon continues to put stakeholders first and refuses to deviate from its values, it is likely to avoid similar ethical issues in the
  • 39. future. A strong values-based corporate culture will help Lululemon remain a successful company with a reputation for both ethical behavior and quality products. In addition, most companies the size of Lululemon have an effective ethics and compliance program to help build an ethical culture. Based on past issues that the company has faced, it appears that it is time to embrace a more proactive approach to managing ethics and social responsibility. Chapter 12: Lululemon: Turning Lemons into Lemonade: 12-7 Conclusion Book Title: Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases Printed By: Kennisha Holloman ([email protected]) © 2019 Cengage Learning, Cengage Learning © 2020 Cengage Learning Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this work may by reproduced or used in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical, or in any other manner - without the written permission of the copyright holder.