This document is a reading guide for a chapter about cells. It contains 27 questions about key discoveries and concepts regarding cells, microscopes, and microscopy. Some of the early pioneers of cell discovery mentioned include Robert Hooke, who in 1665 used an early microscope to observe cells in cork; and Antonie van Leeuwenhoek who made detailed observations of bacteria, protozoa and human sperm cells using single-lens microscopes in the late 1600s. The cell theory, developed in the 1830s-1850s, established that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells.

1. Name:_________________________________________Date:________________Period:_____________
Chapter 1.1 Outline Reading Guide (pages 6-13C)
Complete the following guide as you read through “Discovering Cells”
1. Define Cell:______________________________________________________________________________
2. Cells give an organisim____________________(its form) and ________________________(its processes).
3. Cells were not discovered until the late 1600’s for what reason?____________________________________
4. Define Microscope:________________________________________________________________________
5. How do microscopes work?_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
6. One of the first people to observe cells:_______________________(an English Scientist).
7. What did Hooke learn from observing cork?___________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
8. What specific type of microscope did Robert Hooke invent?_______________________________________
9. The Dutch businessman who also made observations about cells around the same time as Robert Hooke was named
______________________________.
10. What three objects did Leeuwenhook make observations of?______________________________________
11. What did Leeuwenhook observe about these items?_____________________________________________
12. What type of microscope did Leeuwenhook use to make his observations?___________________________
13. What did Schleiden conclude in 1838?_______________________________________________________
14. What did Schwann conclude in 1839?_______________________________________________________
15. What was proposed by Virchow in 1855 that was not explained by the scientists that came before him?
______________________________________________________________________________
16. The Cell Theory states three things. List them below:
A.
B.
C.
17. What invention allowed the Cell Theory to be developed?____________________________
18. Microscopes combine two important properties called __________________and__________________.
19. What are the two types of microscopes used by scientists today?____________&______________.

2. 20. Define magnification______________________________________________________________
21. How do the lenses in light microscopes magnify an object?__________________________________
22. Draw and describe how light is bent in a convex lens (figure 4 page 11C)
23. Explain how magnification occurs in a compound microscope.
24. How is the magnification calculated for a compound microscope?
25. Define Resolution_______________________________________________________
26. How does the Electron microscope differ from the light microscope used by early scientists?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
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27. On the timeline below fill in the correct year, title, and description of the microscope in the correct order.
1590
1674
1933
1981

3. 1660
1886
1965