This document contains slides summarizing key concepts from Chapter 1 of the textbook "Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design" by Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair. The slides highlight common application domains for distributed systems like finance, healthcare, education and more. Examples of distributed systems are shown like a financial trading system and portions of the internet. The slides also cover concepts like transparency in distributed systems and how web servers and browsers interact over the internet.
This document discusses how Web 2.0 social networking tools could help bridge the divide between theory and practice in fields like therapy, research, philosophy, and academia. It notes that Web 2.0 allows for building networks that enable participation, collaboration, and sharing. Examples of Web 2.0 tools mentioned include social bookmarking, blogging, wikis, Google docs, Twitter, and images. The document argues that these tools may help therapists, researchers, philosophers and academics to increasingly collaborate on local and global issues.
The document contains figures and text from an instructor's guide about distributed systems. Figure 1.1 shows a portion of the Internet including a desktop computer, server, backbone, satellite link and intranet. Figure 1.2 depicts a typical intranet. Figure 1.3 illustrates portable and handheld devices in a distributed system. Figure 1.4 shows web servers and browsers connected via protocols. Figure 1.5 depicts the growth of computers and web servers connected to the Internet from 1979 to 2003. Figure 1.6 compares the growth of total computers versus web servers from 1993 to 2001. The text then discusses various types of transparency in distributed systems like access, location, concurrency, replication, failure, mobility, performance and scaling transparency
This document summarizes architectural models for distributed systems, including client-server, peer-to-peer, distributed services with replicated objects, web proxies and caches, mobile code, thin clients, mobile devices, interfaces and objects, and design requirements. It also covers fundamental models of interaction, failures, and security in distributed systems.
This document discusses remote invocation and distributed systems concepts. It covers request-reply communication protocols, interface definition languages, remote procedure calls, and Java remote method invocation. Key points include how request-reply is synchronous and reliable communication, how interface definition languages allow different language interoperability, and how remote objects use proxies and skeletons to enable remote method calls.
Unit 1 architecture of distributed systemskaran2190
The document discusses the architecture of distributed systems. It describes several models for distributed system architecture including:
1) The mini computer model which connects multiple minicomputers to share resources among users.
2) The workstation model where each user has their own workstation and resources are shared over a network.
3) The workstation-server model combines workstations with centralized servers to manage shared resources like files.
This document contains slides summarizing key concepts from Chapter 2 of the textbook "Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design" including: architectural models of distributed systems separating software and hardware layers; client-server and peer-to-peer models of distributed applications; types of failures that can occur in distributed systems like process crashes and omission failures; and concepts of security in distributed systems including principals, access rights and secure channels. The slides feature diagrams and figures illustrating these various models and concepts.
This document provides a summary of key concepts around distributed systems security from the textbook "Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design". It covers security models, basic cryptographic techniques like secrecy, authentication and digital signatures. It also discusses symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms, certificates, access control and case studies of secure system design approaches and pragmatics. The learning objectives are to understand security threats and how techniques like cryptography can provide secure communication channels between principals in a distributed system.
The document summarizes key concepts about networking and internetworking:
1. It discusses important network performance parameters like latency, data transfer rate, and bandwidth that affect the speed of message transmission.
2. It describes how networks are layered with different protocols at each layer, and how messages are encapsulated as they pass through layers.
3. It explains the basic concepts of internetworking like addressing schemes, routing, and protocols that allow integration of multiple interconnected networks.
4. It provides an overview of TCP/IP layers and protocols, and how messages are encapsulated as they are transmitted over networks.
This document discusses how Web 2.0 social networking tools could help bridge the divide between theory and practice in fields like therapy, research, philosophy, and academia. It notes that Web 2.0 allows for building networks that enable participation, collaboration, and sharing. Examples of Web 2.0 tools mentioned include social bookmarking, blogging, wikis, Google docs, Twitter, and images. The document argues that these tools may help therapists, researchers, philosophers and academics to increasingly collaborate on local and global issues.
The document contains figures and text from an instructor's guide about distributed systems. Figure 1.1 shows a portion of the Internet including a desktop computer, server, backbone, satellite link and intranet. Figure 1.2 depicts a typical intranet. Figure 1.3 illustrates portable and handheld devices in a distributed system. Figure 1.4 shows web servers and browsers connected via protocols. Figure 1.5 depicts the growth of computers and web servers connected to the Internet from 1979 to 2003. Figure 1.6 compares the growth of total computers versus web servers from 1993 to 2001. The text then discusses various types of transparency in distributed systems like access, location, concurrency, replication, failure, mobility, performance and scaling transparency
This document summarizes architectural models for distributed systems, including client-server, peer-to-peer, distributed services with replicated objects, web proxies and caches, mobile code, thin clients, mobile devices, interfaces and objects, and design requirements. It also covers fundamental models of interaction, failures, and security in distributed systems.
This document discusses remote invocation and distributed systems concepts. It covers request-reply communication protocols, interface definition languages, remote procedure calls, and Java remote method invocation. Key points include how request-reply is synchronous and reliable communication, how interface definition languages allow different language interoperability, and how remote objects use proxies and skeletons to enable remote method calls.
Unit 1 architecture of distributed systemskaran2190
The document discusses the architecture of distributed systems. It describes several models for distributed system architecture including:
1) The mini computer model which connects multiple minicomputers to share resources among users.
2) The workstation model where each user has their own workstation and resources are shared over a network.
3) The workstation-server model combines workstations with centralized servers to manage shared resources like files.
This document contains slides summarizing key concepts from Chapter 2 of the textbook "Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design" including: architectural models of distributed systems separating software and hardware layers; client-server and peer-to-peer models of distributed applications; types of failures that can occur in distributed systems like process crashes and omission failures; and concepts of security in distributed systems including principals, access rights and secure channels. The slides feature diagrams and figures illustrating these various models and concepts.
This document provides a summary of key concepts around distributed systems security from the textbook "Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design". It covers security models, basic cryptographic techniques like secrecy, authentication and digital signatures. It also discusses symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms, certificates, access control and case studies of secure system design approaches and pragmatics. The learning objectives are to understand security threats and how techniques like cryptography can provide secure communication channels between principals in a distributed system.
The document summarizes key concepts about networking and internetworking:
1. It discusses important network performance parameters like latency, data transfer rate, and bandwidth that affect the speed of message transmission.
2. It describes how networks are layered with different protocols at each layer, and how messages are encapsulated as they pass through layers.
3. It explains the basic concepts of internetworking like addressing schemes, routing, and protocols that allow integration of multiple interconnected networks.
4. It provides an overview of TCP/IP layers and protocols, and how messages are encapsulated as they are transmitted over networks.
This document contains slides related to Chapter 2 of the textbook "Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design". It includes slides on architectural models of distributed systems, communication paradigms, client-server models, web proxy servers, web applets, software and hardware layers, two-tier and three-tier architectures, AJAX, thin clients, web services, middleware categories, distributed systems issues related to interaction, failure, and security, and models for processes, channels, failures, timing, and security in distributed systems. The slides contain diagrams and explanations of key concepts in distributed systems.
The document discusses interprocess communication and provides examples of code for UDP and TCP clients and servers in Java. It introduces concepts like:
- UDP and TCP APIs provide message passing and stream abstractions
- Sockets and ports are used to identify processes for communication
- Java InetAddress class represents IP addresses
- Marshalling and unmarshalling are required to transmit data between processes
- Examples show UDP client/server and TCP client/server code in Java
This document provides an overview of distributed transactions and the two-phase commit protocol used to coordinate transactions that involve multiple servers. It discusses flat and nested distributed transactions, and how the two-phase commit protocol works at both the top level and for nested transactions. Key points covered include how the coordinator ensures all participants commit or abort a transaction, how participants vote in the first phase and then commit or abort based on the coordinator's decision, and how status information is tracked for nested transactions.
This document provides teaching material on distributed systems replication from the book "Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design". It includes slides on replication concepts such as performance enhancement through replication, fault tolerance, and availability. The slides cover replication transparency, consistency requirements, system models, group communication, fault-tolerant and highly available services, and consistency criteria like linearizability.
The document discusses interprocess communication and summarizes the key points about client-server and group communication patterns. It describes the Java API for internet protocols, which provides datagram and stream communication using UDP and TCP. Specifically, it outlines how UDP supports message passing through datagrams, while TCP provides reliable, ordered streams between processes.
Chapter 3 networking and internetworkingAbDul ThaYyal
This document discusses principles of computer networking and different types of networks. It covers the following key points:
- Networking principles include using packet switching for communication between nodes, employing layered network architectures with protocols at each layer, and selecting routes and streaming data packets.
- Different network types include local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), wide area networks (WANs), wireless networks, and internetworks that connect multiple physical networks using protocols like TCP/IP.
- LANs connect nodes within a small area like a building using technologies like Ethernet. MANs and WANs operate over larger regions and connect multiple LANs, but have higher latency. The Internet is an
The chapter discusses the process and factors involved in selecting international markets. The market selection process involves determining objectives, parameters, preliminary screening of markets, shortlisting markets, and evaluating and selecting markets. Market selection is based on evaluating both firm-related factors like business strategy and market-related factors like economic, political, cultural, and industry characteristics. An evaluation matrix is used to rank markets based on weighted scores. Selected markets then require an in-depth market profile outlining trends, competition, customer segments, distribution channels, and regulatory environment.
Distributed Operating System,Network OS and Middle-ware.??Abdul Aslam
Define Distributed Operating System, Network Operating System and Middle-ware? Differentiate between DOS, NOS and Middle-ware? Define the goals of each? ???
- A distributed system is a collection of autonomous computers linked by a network that appear as a single computer. Inter-process communication allows processes running on different computers to exchange data. Common IPC methods include message passing, shared memory, and remote procedure calls.
- Marshalling is the process of reformatting data to allow exchange between modules that use different data representations. Remote procedure calls allow a program to execute subroutines in another address space, such as on another computer. The client-server model partitions tasks between service providers (servers) and requesters (clients).
- Election algorithms are used in distributed systems to choose a coordinator process from among a group of processes. Examples include the bully algorithm and ring
Overview of Java RMI remoting.
RMI is a lightweight Java technology that provides access to remote methods, similar to RPC, but object-oriented. RMI basically provides remote object access for a client and object registration for servers.
RMI is both a Java API (java.rmi.* package) as well as a transport protocol definition for transporting RMI calls through a network.
RMI is a Java technology since it requires that client and server objects run in a JVM (Java Virtual Machine). By using IIOP as transport protocol, however, it is possible to connect RMI-clients to non-Java server objects (e.g. CORBA).
RMI defines the elements client, server, RMI registry where servers register their services and possibly a plain vanilla web server that can be used by clients to dynamically load object classes to access servers.
This chapter introduces and describes several of the more common foundational cloud architectural models, each exemplifying a common usage and characteristic of contemporary cloud-based environments. The involvement and importance of different combinations of cloud computing mechanisms in relation to these architectures are explored.
Distributed systems allow independent computers to appear as a single coherent system by connecting them through a middleware layer. They provide advantages like increased reliability, scalability, and sharing of resources. Key goals of distributed systems include resource sharing, openness, transparency, and concurrency. Common types are distributed computing systems, distributed information systems, and distributed pervasive systems.
This document presents an introduction to cloud computing. It defines cloud computing as using remote servers and the internet to maintain data and applications. It describes the characteristics of cloud computing including APIs, virtualization, reliability, and security. It discusses the different types of cloud including public, private, community, and hybrid cloud. It also defines the three main cloud stacks: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). The benefits of cloud computing are reduced costs, improved accessibility and flexibility. Cloud security and uses of cloud computing are also briefly discussed.
This document discusses distributed systems and provides examples. It contains figures from the textbook "Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design" that illustrate distributed applications and infrastructure. Examples of distributed systems include e-commerce sites, social networks, online gaming, healthcare records, education systems, and more. Figures show the internet architecture, cloud computing, and growth of the internet over time. The document also discusses transparency in distributed systems, including access, location, concurrency, replication, failure, mobility, performance, and scaling transparency.
The document discusses figures from an instructor's guide about distributed systems. Figure 1.1 shows a typical portion of the Internet including desktop computers, servers, network links, backbones, and satellite links. Figure 1.2 depicts a typical intranet with desktop computers connected to various servers through a local area network and router/firewall. Figure 1.3 illustrates portable and handheld devices connecting to intranets and the Internet through wireless technologies. Figures 1.4-1.6 provide statistics on the growth of computers and web servers on the Internet from 1979 to 1999. Figure 1.7 defines several types of transparency in distributed systems such as location, concurrency, replication, and failure transparency.
The document discusses several application domains for distributed systems including finance, healthcare, education, and science. It provides examples of distributed systems for financial trading, the internet, portable devices, and cloud computing. Characteristics of distributed systems like location transparency, concurrency transparency, and failure transparency are also covered.
This document provides an overview of distributed systems and computing concepts through a series of slides. It defines a distributed system as a collection of independent computers interconnected via a network that can collaborate via message passing. Some key challenges of distributed computing discussed include heterogeneity, failure handling, concurrency, scalability, security, and transparency. Examples of distributed systems like web search, online games, and financial trading are provided. The document also discusses trends in distributed systems like ubiquitous networking and mobile/cloud computing.
Chapter 1 characterisation of distributed systemsAbDul ThaYyal
This document discusses the key concepts and challenges of distributed systems. It defines distributed systems as networked computers that communicate by passing messages in order to share resources. Some of the main challenges discussed include heterogeneity, security, scalability, failure handling, and transparency. Transparency refers to hiding the complexities of the distributed nature of the system from users, such as hiding the physical location of resources or ability to access both local and remote resources uniformly.
Cloud Summit 2012 was focused on how cloud computing is disrupting businesses and driving down costs. The document discusses how cloud computing allows for scale which reduces hardware, maintenance, support, and facility costs. It also notes that data volumes are growing exponentially and that enterprise value is shifting to focus more on data and applications rather than infrastructure. Cloud computing is seen as an opportunity for Indian industries to collaborate and disrupt through areas like healthcare, tourism, education, retail, and logistics. The document advocates that standardization is important for data access, interchange, and security in the cloud.
The document contains 12 exercises related to peer-to-peer systems. The exercises cover topics like indexing in peer-to-peer applications, guarantees expected from conventional servers versus peer-to-peer systems, trust and availability in personal computers, using hashes to identify objects, anonymity in peer-to-peer networks, routing algorithms, performance of peer-to-peer protocols, and search strategies for unstructured peer-to-peer systems. The exercises refer to concepts explained in the textbook "Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design" and aim to test the reader's understanding of these concepts.
The document summarizes a presentation given by Ed Franklin of RiverMeadow Software on cloud computing trends, business drivers, and career opportunities. Some key points include:
- Cloud computing delivers computing resources as a utility over the internet.
- It allows for pay-as-you-go access to shared hardware, software, and data.
- Major trends driving cloud adoption include the growth of internet usage, demands for efficiency and sustainability, and business models requiring flexible computing resources.
- Jobs in areas like cloud services, big data analytics, and mobile applications are expected to grow significantly in the coming years.
This document contains slides related to Chapter 2 of the textbook "Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design". It includes slides on architectural models of distributed systems, communication paradigms, client-server models, web proxy servers, web applets, software and hardware layers, two-tier and three-tier architectures, AJAX, thin clients, web services, middleware categories, distributed systems issues related to interaction, failure, and security, and models for processes, channels, failures, timing, and security in distributed systems. The slides contain diagrams and explanations of key concepts in distributed systems.
The document discusses interprocess communication and provides examples of code for UDP and TCP clients and servers in Java. It introduces concepts like:
- UDP and TCP APIs provide message passing and stream abstractions
- Sockets and ports are used to identify processes for communication
- Java InetAddress class represents IP addresses
- Marshalling and unmarshalling are required to transmit data between processes
- Examples show UDP client/server and TCP client/server code in Java
This document provides an overview of distributed transactions and the two-phase commit protocol used to coordinate transactions that involve multiple servers. It discusses flat and nested distributed transactions, and how the two-phase commit protocol works at both the top level and for nested transactions. Key points covered include how the coordinator ensures all participants commit or abort a transaction, how participants vote in the first phase and then commit or abort based on the coordinator's decision, and how status information is tracked for nested transactions.
This document provides teaching material on distributed systems replication from the book "Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design". It includes slides on replication concepts such as performance enhancement through replication, fault tolerance, and availability. The slides cover replication transparency, consistency requirements, system models, group communication, fault-tolerant and highly available services, and consistency criteria like linearizability.
The document discusses interprocess communication and summarizes the key points about client-server and group communication patterns. It describes the Java API for internet protocols, which provides datagram and stream communication using UDP and TCP. Specifically, it outlines how UDP supports message passing through datagrams, while TCP provides reliable, ordered streams between processes.
Chapter 3 networking and internetworkingAbDul ThaYyal
This document discusses principles of computer networking and different types of networks. It covers the following key points:
- Networking principles include using packet switching for communication between nodes, employing layered network architectures with protocols at each layer, and selecting routes and streaming data packets.
- Different network types include local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), wide area networks (WANs), wireless networks, and internetworks that connect multiple physical networks using protocols like TCP/IP.
- LANs connect nodes within a small area like a building using technologies like Ethernet. MANs and WANs operate over larger regions and connect multiple LANs, but have higher latency. The Internet is an
The chapter discusses the process and factors involved in selecting international markets. The market selection process involves determining objectives, parameters, preliminary screening of markets, shortlisting markets, and evaluating and selecting markets. Market selection is based on evaluating both firm-related factors like business strategy and market-related factors like economic, political, cultural, and industry characteristics. An evaluation matrix is used to rank markets based on weighted scores. Selected markets then require an in-depth market profile outlining trends, competition, customer segments, distribution channels, and regulatory environment.
Distributed Operating System,Network OS and Middle-ware.??Abdul Aslam
Define Distributed Operating System, Network Operating System and Middle-ware? Differentiate between DOS, NOS and Middle-ware? Define the goals of each? ???
- A distributed system is a collection of autonomous computers linked by a network that appear as a single computer. Inter-process communication allows processes running on different computers to exchange data. Common IPC methods include message passing, shared memory, and remote procedure calls.
- Marshalling is the process of reformatting data to allow exchange between modules that use different data representations. Remote procedure calls allow a program to execute subroutines in another address space, such as on another computer. The client-server model partitions tasks between service providers (servers) and requesters (clients).
- Election algorithms are used in distributed systems to choose a coordinator process from among a group of processes. Examples include the bully algorithm and ring
Overview of Java RMI remoting.
RMI is a lightweight Java technology that provides access to remote methods, similar to RPC, but object-oriented. RMI basically provides remote object access for a client and object registration for servers.
RMI is both a Java API (java.rmi.* package) as well as a transport protocol definition for transporting RMI calls through a network.
RMI is a Java technology since it requires that client and server objects run in a JVM (Java Virtual Machine). By using IIOP as transport protocol, however, it is possible to connect RMI-clients to non-Java server objects (e.g. CORBA).
RMI defines the elements client, server, RMI registry where servers register their services and possibly a plain vanilla web server that can be used by clients to dynamically load object classes to access servers.
This chapter introduces and describes several of the more common foundational cloud architectural models, each exemplifying a common usage and characteristic of contemporary cloud-based environments. The involvement and importance of different combinations of cloud computing mechanisms in relation to these architectures are explored.
Distributed systems allow independent computers to appear as a single coherent system by connecting them through a middleware layer. They provide advantages like increased reliability, scalability, and sharing of resources. Key goals of distributed systems include resource sharing, openness, transparency, and concurrency. Common types are distributed computing systems, distributed information systems, and distributed pervasive systems.
This document presents an introduction to cloud computing. It defines cloud computing as using remote servers and the internet to maintain data and applications. It describes the characteristics of cloud computing including APIs, virtualization, reliability, and security. It discusses the different types of cloud including public, private, community, and hybrid cloud. It also defines the three main cloud stacks: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). The benefits of cloud computing are reduced costs, improved accessibility and flexibility. Cloud security and uses of cloud computing are also briefly discussed.
This document discusses distributed systems and provides examples. It contains figures from the textbook "Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design" that illustrate distributed applications and infrastructure. Examples of distributed systems include e-commerce sites, social networks, online gaming, healthcare records, education systems, and more. Figures show the internet architecture, cloud computing, and growth of the internet over time. The document also discusses transparency in distributed systems, including access, location, concurrency, replication, failure, mobility, performance, and scaling transparency.
The document discusses figures from an instructor's guide about distributed systems. Figure 1.1 shows a typical portion of the Internet including desktop computers, servers, network links, backbones, and satellite links. Figure 1.2 depicts a typical intranet with desktop computers connected to various servers through a local area network and router/firewall. Figure 1.3 illustrates portable and handheld devices connecting to intranets and the Internet through wireless technologies. Figures 1.4-1.6 provide statistics on the growth of computers and web servers on the Internet from 1979 to 1999. Figure 1.7 defines several types of transparency in distributed systems such as location, concurrency, replication, and failure transparency.
The document discusses several application domains for distributed systems including finance, healthcare, education, and science. It provides examples of distributed systems for financial trading, the internet, portable devices, and cloud computing. Characteristics of distributed systems like location transparency, concurrency transparency, and failure transparency are also covered.
This document provides an overview of distributed systems and computing concepts through a series of slides. It defines a distributed system as a collection of independent computers interconnected via a network that can collaborate via message passing. Some key challenges of distributed computing discussed include heterogeneity, failure handling, concurrency, scalability, security, and transparency. Examples of distributed systems like web search, online games, and financial trading are provided. The document also discusses trends in distributed systems like ubiquitous networking and mobile/cloud computing.
Chapter 1 characterisation of distributed systemsAbDul ThaYyal
This document discusses the key concepts and challenges of distributed systems. It defines distributed systems as networked computers that communicate by passing messages in order to share resources. Some of the main challenges discussed include heterogeneity, security, scalability, failure handling, and transparency. Transparency refers to hiding the complexities of the distributed nature of the system from users, such as hiding the physical location of resources or ability to access both local and remote resources uniformly.
Cloud Summit 2012 was focused on how cloud computing is disrupting businesses and driving down costs. The document discusses how cloud computing allows for scale which reduces hardware, maintenance, support, and facility costs. It also notes that data volumes are growing exponentially and that enterprise value is shifting to focus more on data and applications rather than infrastructure. Cloud computing is seen as an opportunity for Indian industries to collaborate and disrupt through areas like healthcare, tourism, education, retail, and logistics. The document advocates that standardization is important for data access, interchange, and security in the cloud.
The document contains 12 exercises related to peer-to-peer systems. The exercises cover topics like indexing in peer-to-peer applications, guarantees expected from conventional servers versus peer-to-peer systems, trust and availability in personal computers, using hashes to identify objects, anonymity in peer-to-peer networks, routing algorithms, performance of peer-to-peer protocols, and search strategies for unstructured peer-to-peer systems. The exercises refer to concepts explained in the textbook "Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design" and aim to test the reader's understanding of these concepts.
The document summarizes a presentation given by Ed Franklin of RiverMeadow Software on cloud computing trends, business drivers, and career opportunities. Some key points include:
- Cloud computing delivers computing resources as a utility over the internet.
- It allows for pay-as-you-go access to shared hardware, software, and data.
- Major trends driving cloud adoption include the growth of internet usage, demands for efficiency and sustainability, and business models requiring flexible computing resources.
- Jobs in areas like cloud services, big data analytics, and mobile applications are expected to grow significantly in the coming years.
The document describes an approach for improving online recommendations using an agent called HumanE that is initialized with prior domain knowledge. It discusses limitations of existing reinforcement learning methods for complex online applications. The proposed approach provides HumanE with an initial policy encoding desirable/undesirable real estate features to guide its initial recommendations. HumanE then refines its recommendations using reinforcement learning as the user provides feedback, updating the initial policy without human intervention.
Federal Cloud Computing:From Business Use Cases to Pilots to ImplementationsGovCloud Network
The document discusses a conference on federal cloud computing that will cover the evolution of cloud computing in the federal government from business use cases to pilots to implementations, including presentations on the NIST cloud computing use cases, examples of pilots and implementations, and the speaker's own work assisting federal agencies with cloud computing. The conference aims to help attendees build their professional network and understand the complex federal cloud computing landscape to better engage with cloud initiatives.
This chapter introduces basic computer concepts such as defining computers and their components. It describes the five main components of a computer as the input, output, processing, storage, and communication devices. It discusses different categories of computers including personal computers, mobile devices, servers, mainframes, and embedded computers. It also outlines how computers are used in various fields of society such as education, healthcare, science, and manufacturing.
The document defines basic computer concepts like data, information, and the information processing cycle. It describes the five main components of a computer: input devices, output devices, the system unit, storage devices, and communication devices. It discusses different categories of computers including personal computers, mobile devices, servers, mainframes, and embedded computers. It also summarizes how computers are used in many aspects of modern society like education, healthcare, science, and manufacturing.
A brief overview of social web trends that we can anticipate taking up increasing air-space over the next 12 months. Some trends (e.g. Big Data) have wider implications than 'social web' but are included for completeness.
Learning and teaching with Moodle-based E-learning environments, combining le...mrc12
- 91% of youth ages 13-17 surf the internet, and 95% do so to play games. 70-77% use the internet to do homework. 70% watch online videos.
- The most common online activities for both youth and adults are reading news/magazines, viewing videos, and downloading software/files. Youth are more likely than adults to use instant messaging and play games.
- The top reasons people go online are to search for information, expand knowledge, and for health information. Youth are more likely than adults to search for travel information, company information, and sports information.
Making predictions about technologies to support can be tricky. Using the New Media Consortium's Horizon Report is one way to get a snapshot of the technologies and practices to expect on campus. The Horizon Report picks six technologies likely to have an impact on higher education with horizons of a year or less, two to three years, and four to five years. The 2008 list: grassroots video, collaboration webs, mobile broadband, data mashups, collective intelligence, and social operating systems (see http:// wp.nmc.org/horizon2008/). Bring your questions, experiences, and ideas to this thoughtful conversation that will help us map our way into the future.
Translating Open Source Value to the CloudGordon Haff
Open source has not only helped free users from vendor lock-in; it has untapped new sources of innovation and enabled new opportunities for collaboration. These and other open source values are now serving to revolutionize cloud computing--indeed, to make it possible in the first place. Yet, it's not a simple literal translation. Open source protections such as licenses have different meanings, especially in public clouds. And new aspects of and potential threats to software freedom, like APIs, are central to cloud computing, whether on-premise or otherwise.
Evolution of Social Software in IBM according to me. I created the presentation to show how research contributes to IBM software products and help explain the potential interactions between IBM and Academia.
Digital collaboration tools have the potential to improve business efficiency and engagement by enabling effective collaboration across distributed teams. However, current solutions like audio/video conferencing and document sharing only partially address communication problems. Virtual worlds provide an immersive 3D environment that more closely mimics face-to-face interaction by allowing users to be represented by avatars, share documents and 3D models in real-time, and leverage additional non-verbal cues. When implemented securely within an organization's network and integrated with standard productivity tools, virtual worlds can create a more engaging and effective digital collaboration solution compared to traditional alternatives.