Chapter01

Discovering
Computers 2012
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World

Objectives Overview

Define the term,
Explain why computer computer, and describe Describe the five
literacy is vital to the relationship components of a
success in today’s world between data and computer
information

Discuss the advantages
Define the term,
and disadvantages that Discuss the uses of the
network, and identify
users experience when Internet and World
benefits of sharing
working with Wide Web
resources on a network
computers

See Page 3 2
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
for Detailed Objectives

Objectives Overview

Distinguish between system Differentiate among types, Describe the role of each
software and application sizes, and functions of element in an information
software computers in each category system

Explain how home users,
Discuss how society uses
small office/home office
computers in education,
users, mobile users, power
finance, government, health
users, and enterprise users
care, science, publishing,
each interact with
travel, and manufacturing
computers

See Page 3 3
for Detailed Objectives

A World of Computers

• Computers are everywhere

Pages 4 - 5 4
Figure 1-1

What Is a Computer?

• A computer is an electronic device, operating
under the control of instructions stored in its own
memory

Collects Produces
data Processing information
(input) (output)

Information Processing Cycle

Page 6 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 5

What Is a Computer?

Page 6 6
Figure 1-2

The Components of a Computer

• A computer contains many electric, electronic, and
mechanical components known as hardware
Input Device • Allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer

Output Device • Hardware component that conveys information to one or more people

• Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that
System Unit are used to process data

• Records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads) items to and from storage
Storage Device media

Communications • Enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and
Device information to and from one or more computers or mobile devices

Pages 6 - 8 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 7

The Components of a Computer

Page 7 8
Figure 1-3

Advantages and Disadvantages
of Using Computers
Advantages of Disadvantages of
Using Computers Using Computers

Speed Health Risks

Reliability Violation of Privacy

Consistency Public Safety

Storage Impact on Labor Force

Communications Impact on Environment


Advantages and Disadvantages
of Using Computers
• Green computing involves reducing the electricity
consumed and environmental waste generated when
using a computer
• Strategies include:
– Recycling
– Regulating manufacturing processes
– Extending the life of computers
– Immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced computers


Networks and the Internet

• A network is a
collection of computers
and devices connected
together, often
wirelessly, via
communications
devices and
transmission media

Figure 1-6


• The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that
connects millions of businesses, government agencies,
educational institutions, and individuals

Page 11 12
Figure 1-7


• People use the Internet for a variety of reasons:

Communicate Research and Shop Bank and Invest Online Trading
Access Information

Entertainment Download Videos Share Information Web Application

Pages 12 - 13 13
Figure 1-8


• A social networking Web site encourages
members to share their interests, ideas, stories,
photos, music, and videos with other registered
users

Page 14 14
Figure 1-9

Computer Software

• Software, also called a program, tells the
computer what tasks to perform and how to
perform them
System Software
• Operating system
• Utility program

Application Software

Pages 15 - 16 15
Figures 1-10 - 1-11

Computer Software

• Installing is the process of setting up software to
work with the computer, printer, and other
hardware

Pages 16 - 17 16
Figure 1-12

Computer Software

• A programmer develops
software or writes the
instructions that direct
the computer to
process data into
information

Figure 1-13

Categories of Computers
Personal computers

Mobile computers and mobile devices

Game consoles

Servers

Mainframes

Supercomputers

Embedded computers


Personal Computers

• A personal computer can perform all of its input,
processing, output, and storage activities by itself
• Two popular architectures are the PC and the
Apple
– Desktop computer

Pages 19 - 20 19
Figures 1-15 - 1-16

Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

Mobile Mobile
Computer Device
Personal computer you Computing device small
can carry from place to enough to hold in your
place hand

Examples include smart
Examples include
phones and PDAs, e-
notebook computers,
book readers, handheld
laptop computers,
computers, portable
netbooks, ultra-thins,
media players, and
and Tablet PCs
digital cameras



Notebook computer

Tablet PC

Smart phones and PDAs

E-book reader

Pages 20 - 22 21
Figures 1-17 – 1-20


Handheld computer

Portable media player

Digital camera

Pages 22 - 23 22
Figures 1-21 – 1-23

Game Consoles

• A game console is a
mobile computing
device designed for
single-player or
multiplayer video
games

Figure 1-24

Servers

• A server controls access
to the hardware,
software, and other
resources on a network
– Provides a centralized
storage area for
programs, data, and
information

Figure 1-25

Mainframes

• A mainframe is a large,
expensive, powerful
computer that can
handle hundreds or
thousands of connected
users simultaneously

Figure 1-26

Supercomputers

• A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful
computer
– Fastest supercomputers are capable of processing
more than one quadrillion instructions in a single
second

Page 25 26
Figure 1-27

Embedded Computers

• An embedded computer is a special-purpose
computer that functions as a component in a
larger product
Consumer Home Automation Process Controllers Computer Devices
Automobiles
Electronics Devices and Robotics and Office Machines
• Mobile and digital • Thermostats • Antilock brakes • Remote monitoring • Keyboards
telephones • Sprinkling systems • Engine control systems • Printers
• Digital televisions • Security modules • Power monitors • Faxes
• Cameras monitoring systems • Airbag controller • Machine • Copiers
• Video recorders • Appliances • Cruise control controllers
• DVD players and • Lights • Medical devices
recorders
• Answering
machines


Embedded Computers

Page 26 28
Figure 1-28

Elements of an Information System

Hardware Software Data

People Procedures


Elements of an Information System

Page 27 30
Figure 1-29

Examples of Computer Usage

Home User Small Office/Home Mobile User
• Personal financial Office User • Connect to other computers
management • Look up information on a network or the Internet
• Web access • Send and receive e-mail • Transfer information
• Communications messages • Play video games
• Entertainment • Make telephone calls • Listen to music
• Watch movies

Pages 28 – 31 31
Figures 1-30 – 1-32

Examples of Computer Usage

Power User Enterprise User
• Work with multimedia • Communicate among
• Use industry-specific employees
software • Process high volumes
of transactions
• Blog

Pages 31 – 32 32
Figures 1-33 – 1-34

Computer Applications in Society

Education
Finance
Government
Health Care
Pages 34 - 36 33
Figures 1-36 – 1-39

Computer Applications in Society

Science
Publishing
Travel
Manufacturing
Pages 36 - 38 34
Figures 1-40 – 1-43

Summary

Basic computer Components of a
concepts computer

Many different
categories of
Networks, the Internet,
computers, computer
and computer software
users, and computer
applications in society

Discovering
Computers 2012
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World
Chapter 1 Complete

Chapter01

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