The document discusses the issues surrounding dormitory construction using modular methods in Washington D.C., focusing on problems such as pricing, location, transportation, and nearby activities. It outlines objectives to address these issues through architectural solutions, along with providing background on modular construction and its historical context in the D.C. area. The document also includes literature reviews and citations to support the importance and potential of modular construction in addressing housing needs responsibly and sustainably.

1. Chapter 1- Introduction
1.1 Problem Statement ( please use dorm problem in
Washington D.C areas and give general information about
dorms’ structures in D.C such pricing , location , transportation
, activities nearby. Include detailed information and do in text
citation. At least fin one or two problem related to (pricing of
dorms, location, transportation , activities nearby. Make sure
you addressed the question by using under subtitles.
What?
What is your topic? What another issues /Event are similar or
related to your topic.
(Topic is: Dormitory with modular construction in Washington
D.C)
Who?
Who is affected by your topic. Who is involved
How ?
How does your topic impact society, culture, politics,
economics, etc.
Why ?
Why does this topic matter to you? Why should it matter to
others?
Please make sure you addressed these question in the problem
statement.
1.2 Objective (This section will include detailed information
about the issues on problem statement and how you can solve
this issue. For example, explain; how you can solve the issues
with pricing of dorm as an architect, or how you can solve the
problem relate to transportation, location. Explain what paper
will focus on.)
Chapter 2- Background (Please include detail of modular
construction in give the definitions of modular construction)
2.1 Give details about modular construction and find two

2. precedent projects done with modular construction. Give
example of what materials had used, what were the benefits of
projects and how much it cost.
2.2 Give information about history of dormitory in the
Washington D.C
2.3 Give detailed information about student population in the
D.C.
Please use essay below the stated that in the information about
modular construction
DORM W/ MODULAR CONSTRUCTION OF UDC
IN WASHINGTON DC, USA
Modular construction approaches with a different way to
essentials of traditional construction’s process such as on site,
labor, material and coordination. This significant approach
brings out the new issues and obstacles. (Khan, 2015). For
instance, according to research of Khan, average 40-50 percent
of modular construction is being completed onsite after the
modules transportation. Cause of structural and transportation
reasons, rest of the components such as roofing, porches, stairs
as well as other horizontal and vertical connections including
heating, plumbing and electrical services is left to complete the
onsite. This scholarly research of Khan is not only a substantial
evident of how transportation important is, but also it reveals
that there is still insufficient transportation systems which do
not meet the demands.
Haskell ( 2018) mentions how modular or prefabricated
construction methods emerge with challenges such as
augmentation of crane and transportation risk. Haskell also
emphasizes how transportation of modular construction and
crane operations will be demanded. Velamati talks about a
specific project and district, and gives point to importance of
transportation with personal observations. Without limitation of
location and transportation will increase the modular
construction. Due to road size and load restrictions, modular
deliveries to site is being more complex. (Velamati, 2012). For
instance, road sizes are not allowed to create an achievable

3. structural spans. If transportation limitations are resolved, the
modular construction will catch a high flexibility producing the
components. (Doran & Giannakis, 2011)
All in one, the modular construction has a high potential and
flexibility with an unlimited design concepts. The modular
construction can be improved dealing with inherent
transportation limitations.
REFERENCES:
Jin Ouk Choi, Xing Bin Chen & Tae Wan
Kim (2017) Opportunities and challenges of modular methods in
dense urban environment, International Journal of Construction
Management, DOI: 10.1080/15623599.2017.1382093
Velamati, S. (2012). Feasibility, benefits and challenges of
modular construction in high rise development in the United
States: A developers perspective.
Khan, M. A. (2015). Modular Bridge Construction
Issues. Accelerated Bridge Construction,215-256.
doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-407224-4.00005-8
Haskell, B. (2018, September 25). Constructive Conversations:
Modular and prefabricated construction, an answer to today's
construction issues. Retrieved from
https://www.enr.com/articles/44752-constructive-conversations-
modular-and-prefabricated-construction-an-answer-to-todays-
construction-issues
Doran, D., & Giannakis, M. (2011). An examination of a
modular supply chain: A construction sector perspective. Supply
Chain Management, 16(4), 260-270.
doi:http://dx.doi.org.proxydc.wrlc.org/10.1108/13598541111139
071
Please use literature review in the below for background
information and combine them with the sections accordingly
(2.1, 2.2, and 2.3) You can oppy and paste but please make sure
correct the spelling and grammatical error.)
Babcock, F. J., Smith, R. D., & Scuka, J. R. (2001). U.S. Patent

4. No. 6,256,960. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark
Office.
The article has elaborated on the components thereof in the
building and construction. The article indicates the foundation
of the buildings that include the extension of the anchor bolts in
the building periphery. On the lower part of the anchor bolts,
there is an installation of the metal lower track. The thereto are
secured well with bolts and the rod couplers. There is the
installation of the pre-manufactured panels of the wall. The
building will be installed of two panels that are in study and in
the lateral edge close to the study. The panel are well
surrounded with the connector rods. The building process will
therefore progress till the formation of the peripheral walls.
Lawson, R. M., Ogden, R. G., & Bergin, R. (2011). Application
of modular construction in high-rise buildings. Journal of
architectural engineering, 18(2), 148-154.
The Modular Construction is practised widely for multi-storey
building in Europe. The article will review most of the modular
technologies that are utilized and more so elaborate on the use
of cellular approach in construction. The article will present
many case studies of 12 and 25 storey building in Europe. The
case study is educational to offer knowledge on the construction
and design of large storey in the region. The article will also
elaborate on the relationship between the structural action and
the also architectural plan in the constructions. The availability
of the given modules and the concrete will improve the design
opportunities.
Lu, N., & Koran, T. (2010). Implementation of building
information modeling (BIM) in modular construction: Benefits
and challenges. In Construction Research Congress 2010:
Innovation for Reshaping Construction Practice (pp. 1136-
1145).
From the article, the modular construction will have more than
one unit of structures that are fabricated in the manufacturing

5. project. The article discusses on the completion of the modules
in the construction. In construction, the prefabricated modules
will be finished with inclusion of the trim jobs, plumbing and
electrical mechanization. The article has indicated the
importance of utilization of the modular construction that will
include the reduced number of labourers, reduced emission of
poisonous gases and ensure quality of the construction in the
jobsite. In this case, the article will be very educative as I
undertake the construction project in the United States of
America.
Schools, J. L., & Schools, J. L. (2007). U.S. Patent No.
7,191,571. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
The source will discuss on the blocks of building, the structures
of building and the methods that are used in building. The
construction blocks will comprise of the preform that have a
passageway. These preforms are developed from the plastics,
concrete and the steel that reinforce several bars to develop
foundations, roofs, footing and the girders. The construction
blocks usually contain five holes of block that have five
passageways that extend therethrough. In this article, the
building structures and the kits will be elaborated together with
the building methods and furring strips.
Lawson, R. M., & Richards, J. (2010). Modular design for high-
rise buildings. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-
Structures and Buildings, 163(3), 151-164.
The source discuses utilization of modular construction in the
constructions of the residential houses that have between 4 and
8 storeys. The article discusses on the modular technologies as
well as the presentation of load tests. The article presents a
design method that is used in the modular development is
developed upon consideration of the installation tolerance. The
article indicates that the modular wall need to have plasterboard
and the sheathing external board that prevent that axis buckling
along the section C. The article has also undertaken the tests of

6. the thickness of the C section and the level of resistance posed.
Generally, the article will be very useful to offer discussion on
the way to construct and ideas to follow in the modular
construction.
Davis, H. H. (1998). U.S. Patent No. 5,819,491. Washington,
DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
The article discusses on the elongated modular decking that is
offered for the assembly that will bind the subfloors using that
plurality in order to develop a decking structure. In this case,
the decking plank will have a wall on top that is spaced with the
wall at the bottom. There I a pivot that supports that walls that
are at the top and at the bottom. There will be an integrally
developed flange that extends on the outer side of on one of the
decking planks. The article will assist in offering information of
the modular decking and other angular adjustment in the
building and construction of the modular structures.
Parker, R., Woodrush, C., Tindol, M., Moss, B., Church, C.,
Brown, D., ... & Gholkar, S. (2003). U.S. Patent No. 6,625,937.
Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
The article has elaborated on the construction that would incur a
lower cost in the jobsite. The low cost construction would be
very relevant in the study that I will undertake in the United
States of America. The success of a project will depend on the
availability of the resources in the construction. In this article,
the modules will always be produced and taken to the jobsites
using the trailers The article also discusses on the production to
develop a plan of the floors in the construction.
Chen, Y., Okudan, G. E., & Riley, D. R. (2010). Sustainable
performance criteria for construction method selection in
concrete buildings. Automation in construction, 19(2), 235-244.
The article discuses on the advantages of the prefabrication in
construction. The use of the prefabrication is motivated by the

7. anecdotal evidence together with the evaluations in terms of
costs of the buildings. The article has second the use of the
Holistic criteria when there is a selection of the method of
construction of the building at its early phases. The article has
undertaken a review of various literatures on the same idea of
sustainable performance. The article has also documented on the
survey among the US practitioners on the need of
prefabrication. The results of the undertaken survey have
indicated that construction need to consider environmental and
the social issues.
Haug, M. W. (1976). U.S. Patent No. 3,940,100. Washington,
DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
The article offers description of the modular elements that are
used in the building and constructions. The elements that are
discussed could be used in the construction of the furniture or
any form of sculptures that have a flat member that
subsequently have three arranged legs and sides that are arc-
side. The article has discussed on the assembly of elements
with a centre element. The article would also be useful when
developing the storey building. There some areas that will
require the carpentry skills used in the construction of the
furniture.
Quale, J., Eckelman, M. J., Williams, K. W., Sloditskie, G., &
Zimmerman, J. B. (2012). Construction matters: Comparing
environmental impacts of building modular and conventional
homes in the United States. Journal of industrial ecology, 16(2),
243-253.
The article offers explanation on the construction of story
building that were undertaken in the United States of America
together with the environmental impacts. The modular building
has advantages in the US through its cost effectiveness and time
effectiveness. The modular construction will need many
infrastructures unlike the conventional construction. The

8. environment impact assessment is not very clear in such a case.
The article would also be very relevant in the study that I will
contact as I will need to undertake environmental conservation
in the analysis. The article has elaborated on the impact of the
production of materials, material transportation and the
management of wastes.
References
Babcock, F. J., Smith, R. D., & Scuka, J. R. (2001). U.S. Patent
No. 6,256,960. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark
Office.
Chen, Y., Okudan, G. E., & Riley, D. R. (2010). Sustainable
performance criteria for construction method selection in
concrete buildings. Automation in construction, 19(2), 235-244.
Davis, H. H. (1998). U.S. Patent No. 5,819,491. Washington,
DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Haug, M. W. (1976). U.S. Patent No. 3,940,100. Washington,
DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Lawson, R. M., & Richards, J. (2010). Modular design for high-
rise buildings. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-
Structures and Buildings, 163(3), 151-164.
Lawson, R. M., Ogden, R. G., & Bergin, R. (2011). Application
of modular construction in high-rise buildings. Journal of
architectural engineering, 18(2), 148-154.
Lu, N., & Koran, T. (2010). Implementation of building
information modeling (BIM) in modular construction: Benefits
and challenges. In Construction Research Congress 2010:
Innovation for Reshaping Construction Practice (pp. 1136-
1145).
Parker, R., Woodrush, C., Tindol, M., Moss, B., Church, C.,
Brown, D., ... & Gholkar, S. (2003). U.S. Patent No. 6,625,937.
Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Quale, J., Eckelman, M. J., Williams, K. W., Sloditskie, G., &
Zimmerman, J. B. (2012). Construction matters: Comparing
environmental impacts of building modular and conventional

9. homes in the United States. Journal of industrial ecology, 16(2),
243-253.
Schools, J. L., & Schools, J. L. (2007). U.S. Patent No.
7,191,571. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.