This document provides an overview of key concepts from Chapter 1 of the textbook "Fundamentals of Java: AP Computer Science Essentials, 4th Edition". It discusses the history of computers, computer hardware and software, binary representation of data, programming languages, the software development process, and basic concepts of object-oriented programming such as classes, objects, encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism.
The basics of the Java programming language. This is the first Powerpoint Richard Styner used when teaching AP Computer science. It is all the basics to begin learning how to program, just the background.
The basics of the Java programming language. This is the first Powerpoint Richard Styner used when teaching AP Computer science. It is all the basics to begin learning how to program, just the background.
Java™ (OOP) - Chapter 1: "Introduction to Computers, Programs, and Java"Gouda Mando
To review computer basics, programs, and operating systems (§§1.2-1.4).
To explore the relationship between Java and the World Wide Web (§1.5).
To distinguish the terms API, IDE, and JDK (§1.6).
To write a simple Java program (§1.7).
To display output on the console (§1.7).
To explain the basic syntax of a Java program (§1.7).
To create, compile, and run Java programs (§1.8).
(GUI) To display output using the JOptionPane output dialog boxes (§1.9).
Java™ (OOP) - Chapter 1: "Introduction to Computers, Programs, and Java"Gouda Mando
To review computer basics, programs, and operating systems (§§1.2-1.4).
To explore the relationship between Java and the World Wide Web (§1.5).
To distinguish the terms API, IDE, and JDK (§1.6).
To write a simple Java program (§1.7).
To display output on the console (§1.7).
To explain the basic syntax of a Java program (§1.7).
To create, compile, and run Java programs (§1.8).
(GUI) To display output using the JOptionPane output dialog boxes (§1.9).
This PowerPoint Presentation consist the data title "Basics of Computer. This slide share will definitely helpful in all the viewers. It is framed with lot of best and attractive pictures with suitable examples and images. It will be very much useful to the beginners learners of computer. It covers the following points, viz., 1. Introduction to Computer 2. Main Parts of Computer 3. Types of Computer 4. Storage Unit vs. Memory Unit 5. Classification on Working System 6. Types of Network 7. Classification of Computer- Based on Size 8. Some Important Extensions. The above points were discussed in this powerpoint presentation.
Fundamental of Computer, Types of computer, Bus, registers, Memory of computer, Instruction set, Operating system, functions of OS, Types of OS. study of Microsoft office word, power-point, excel etc
Fundamental concept of computer By Er. Sohan GroverSohan Grover
Concepts are used as formal tools or models in mathematics, computer science, databases and artificial intelligence where they are sometimes called classes, schema or categories. In informal use the word concept often just means any idea.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a button
Chapter 01
1. Chapter 1
Background
Fundamentals of Java:
AP Computer Science
Essentials, 4th Edition
1 Lambert / Osborne
2. About the Presentations
The presentations cover the objectives found in
the opening of each chapter.
All chapter objectives are listed in the beginning
of each presentation.
You may customize the presentations to fit your
class needs.
Chapter 1
Some figures from the chapters are included. A
complete set of images from the book can be
found on the Instructor Resources disc.
2 Lambert / Osborne Fundamentals of Java 4E
3. Objectives
Give a brief history of computers.
Describe how hardware and software make
up computer architecture.
Explain the binary representation of data and
program in computers.
Chapter 1
3 Lambert / Osborne Fundamentals of Java 4E
4. Objectives (continued)
Discuss the evolution of programming
languages.
Describe the software developmental
process.
Discuss the fundamental concepts of object-
Chapter 1
oriented programming.
4 Lambert / Osborne Fundamentals of Java 4E
5. Vocabulary
application software central processing
assembly language unit (CPU)
auxiliary hardware
input/output (I/O) information hiding
auxiliary storage instance variables
Chapter 1
device internal memory
bit machine language
byte
5 Lambert / Osborne Fundamentals of Java 4E
6. Vocabulary (continued)
network connection software
object-oriented development life
programming cycle (SDLC)
primary memory system software
RAM ubiquitous
Chapter 1
secondary memory computing
software user interface
waterfall model
6 Lambert / Osborne Fundamentals of Java 4E
7. History of Computers
ENIAC (1940s) was one of the world’s first
digital electronic computers.
IBM sold its first business computer in the
1950s.
– It was thought the world needed no more than 10.
Chapter 1
– Power was 1/2000 of the typical laptop of today.
Today there are hundreds of millions of
laptop and desktop computers in the world.
7 Lambert / Osborne Fundamentals of Java 4E
8. History of Computers (continued)
The first computers could perform only a
single task at a time.
– Paper cards and tape used for input and output.
In 1960s, time-sharing computers were sold
for businesses.
Chapter 1
– Cost up to millions of dollars.
– 30 people could work at once.
– Teletypes used phone wires.
8 Lambert / Osborne Fundamentals of Java 4E
9. History of Computers (continued)
In 1970s, e-mail and file transfers were born.
In 1980s, personal computers and local area
networks were available.
In 1990s, an explosion of computer use and
availability of Internet access.
Chapter 1
Computing has become ubiquitous.
– Cell phones, cameras, PDAs, music players
9 Lambert / Osborne Fundamentals of Java 4E
10. Computer Hardware and Software
Computers are machines that process information.
Hardware are the physical devices on your desktop.
Software are the programs that give the hardware
functionality.
Bits and Bytes:
Bits are the smallest unit of information processed by
Chapter 1
a computer (0s and 1s).
Bytes are eight bits.
10 Lambert / Osborne Fundamentals of Java 4E
11. Computer Hardware and Software
(continued)
Computer Hardware:
Computers have six major subsystems:
– User interface
– Auxiliary input/output (I/O)
Keyboard, monitor, printer, digital camera, joystick
– Auxiliary storage devices
Chapter 1
Secondary memory
Hard disks, DVDs, flash memory
– Network connection
Modem, TV cable, satellite dish, Ethernet cards
11 Lambert / Osborne Fundamentals of Java 4E
12. Computer Hardware and Software
(continued)
Computer Hardware (cont):
– Internal memory (RAM)
RAM (random access memory) is primary memory
ROM (read-only memory)
– Central processing unit (CPU)
Performs basic tasks using complex hardware.
Chapter 1
Moore’s Law: speed is doubled every two years
Transistor is the building block of the CPU and RAM.
12 Lambert / Osborne Fundamentals of Java 4E
13. Computer Hardware and Software
(continued)
A computer’s six major subsystems
Chapter 1
13 Lambert / Osborne Fundamentals of Java 4E
14. Computer Hardware and Software
(continued)
Computer Software:
– System software
Supports the operations of the computer.
Includes the operating system, communication software,
compilers, and the user interface subsystem.
– Application software
Chapter 1
Allows users to accomplish tasks.
Types include Word processors, spreadsheets, databases,
and multimedia.
14 Lambert / Osborne Fundamentals of Java 4E
15. Binary Representation of Information
and Computer Memory
Computer memory stores patterns of electronic
signals.
The patterns are strings of binary digits or bits.
Computers use binary (base 2) notation.
– Two bases: On/Off
Chapter 1
– Computer scientists also use bases octal (8) and
hexadecimal (16).
15 Lambert / Osborne Fundamentals of Java 4E
16. Binary Representation of Information
and Computer Memory (continued)
Floating-Point numbers
– Fractions
– Use mantissa/exponent notation
Characters and Strings
– ASCII, represents patterns as bytes
Chapter 1
Java uses Unicode
– Patterns of 15 bits from 0000 0000 0000 0000 to
1111 1111 1111 1111
16 Lambert / Osborne Fundamentals of Java 4E
17. Binary Representation of Information
and Computer Memory (continued)
Floating-Point numbers
– Fractions
– Use mantissa/exponent notation
Characters and Strings
– ASCII, represents patterns as bytes
Chapter 1
Java uses Unicode
– Patterns of 15 bits from 0000 0000 0000 0000 to
1111 1111 1111 1111
17 Lambert / Osborne Fundamentals of Java 4E
18. Binary Representation of Information
and Computer Memory (continued)
Sound is analog data.
– Analog information has a continuous range of infinite
values.
– Sampling reads the waveform at intervals.
– Memory requirements for sound are higher than text.
Chapter 1
Images
– Sampling measures color values as pixels in a two-
dimensional grid.
– Grayscale, black-and-white, RGB, true-color
18 Lambert / Osborne Fundamentals of Java 4E
19. Binary Representation of Information
and Computer Memory (continued)
Video
– Video includes a soundtrack and a set of images
called frames.
– Data compression is difficult.
Program instructions
Chapter 1
– A sequence of bits in RAM
Computer Memory
– A gigantic sequence of bytes, each with an address.
19 Lambert / Osborne Fundamentals of Java 4E
20. Programming Languages
Generation 1 (Late 1940s to Early 1950s)-
Machine Languages:
Programs were coded in machine language,
whose only symbols are binary digits.
Coding was tedious, slow, and error-prone.
Chapter 1
It was difficult to modify programs.
Each type had its own machine language so
programs were not portable.
20 Lambert / Osborne Fundamentals of Java 4E
21. Programming Languages
(continued)
Generation 2 (Early 1950s to Present)-Assembly
Languages:
Assembly languages use mnemonic symbols to
represent instructions & data.
Programs are translated by assembler and loaded
and run using a loader.
Assembly language is more programmer friendly, but
Chapter 1
still tedious.
Like machine language, it is not portable as each
computer has its own unique language.
21 Lambert / Osborne Fundamentals of Java 4E
22. Programming Languages
(continued)
Generation 3 (Mid-1950s to Present)-High-Level
Languages:
Examples of high-level languages are FORTRAN,
COBOL, BASIC, C, Pascal, C++, Python, Smalltalk,
and Java.
High-level languages are easy to write, read,
understand.
Chapter 1
Translation to machine language is done using a
compiler.
Java does not need to be recompiled for each type
of computer.
22 Lambert / Osborne Fundamentals of Java 4E
23. The Software Development Process
Software development life cycle (SDLC)
– Waterfall method:
Customer request (user requirements)
Analysis
Design
Implementation (coding)
Chapter 1
Integration
Maintenance
23 Lambert / Osborne Fundamentals of Java 4E
24. The Software Development Process
(continued)
Percentage of total cost incurred in each phase of the
development process
Chapter 1
24 Lambert / Osborne Fundamentals of Java 4E
25. Basic Concepts of Object-Oriented
Programming
High-level programming languages fall into
two major groups.
The older languages, COBOL, FORTRAN,
BASIC, C, and Pascal, all use a procedural
approach.
Chapter 1
New languages, Smalltalk, C++, Python, and
Java use an object-oriented approach.
– Object-oriented is considered superior.
25 Lambert / Osborne Fundamentals of Java 4E
26. Basic Concepts of Object-Oriented
Programming (continued)
Object-oriented programming (OOP) process is the
process of programming with objects.
– Steps: planning, execution, outcome
Programs are composed of different types of
software components called classes.
Classes define:
Chapter 1
– Instance variables (data resources)
– Methods (rules of behavior)
Combining resources and behaviors into a single
software entity is encapsulation.
26 Lambert / Osborne Fundamentals of Java 4E
27. Basic Concepts of Object-Oriented
Programming (continued)
An executing program is composed of
interacting objects.
– An object is an instance of the class that
describes its resources and behavior.
Objects send messages to each other to
Chapter 1
accomplish the mission of the program.
Information hiding provides access to
services but not data resources.
27 Lambert / Osborne Fundamentals of Java 4E
28. Basic Concepts of Object-Oriented
Programming (continued)
Classes are organized into hierarchies.
Subclasses share methods and instance
variables with the root class using
inheritance.
Different types of objects can understand the
Chapter 1
same message, called polymorphism.
An object’s response to a message depends
on its class.
28 Lambert / Osborne Fundamentals of Java 4E
29. Summary
In this chapter, you learned:
The modern computer age began in the late 1940s
with the development of ENIAC. Business computing
became practical in the 1950s, and time-sharing
computers advanced computing in large organizations
in the 1960s and 1970s. The 1980s saw the
Chapter 1
development and first widespread sales of personal
computers, and the 1990s saw personal computers
connected in networks. During the first decade of the
twenty-first century, computing has become ubiquitous.
29 Lambert / Osborne Fundamentals of Java 4E
30. Summary (continued)
Modern computers consist of two primary
components: hardware and software.
Computer hardware is the physical component
of the system. Computer software consists of
programs that enable us to use the hardware.
Chapter 1
All information used by a computer is
represented in binary form. This information
includes numbers, text, images, sound, and
program instructions.
30 Lambert / Osborne Fundamentals of Java 4E
31. Summary (continued)
Programming languages have been developed
over the course of three generations: generation
1 is machine language, generation 2 is assembly
language, and generation 3 is high-level
language.
The waterfall model of the software development
Chapter 1
process consists of several standard phases:
customer request, analysis, design,
implementation, integration, and maintenance.
31 Lambert / Osborne Fundamentals of Java 4E
32. Summary (continued)
Object-oriented programming is a style of
programming that can lead to better-quality
software. Breaking code into easily handled
components simplifies the job of writing a
large program.
Chapter 1
32 Lambert / Osborne Fundamentals of Java 4E