Blockchains have attracted overwhelming global interest within the governments and businesses, with applications in key industries, such as finance, insurance, logistics, energy and transportation. The blockchain technology is foreseen as a key component of future smart cities and companies by enhancing the security, data management and process automation. However, there is still a number of challenges on multiple stages that need to be solved prior to substantial adoption of blockchain technology in the enterprise, starting from scalability and manageability of blockchain networks up to integration, privacy and compliance issues. These and other challenges are discussed in the talk, together with existing and future approaches to solve them.