This document outlines several challenges facing the modern world, including environmental crises, population growth, chemical waste, technological advancements, weapons development, economic disparities between nations, health issues, and political instability. It discusses how Rachel Carson's work drew attention to the effects of pesticides, and how population growth and deforestation stress Earth's resources. The document also notes the United Nations has taken a larger role in global affairs since the Cold War ended, supporting treaties around human rights, disarmament, and international cooperation.