The document provides an overview of manufacturing, including:
1) It defines manufacturing as the process of converting raw materials into finished goods through mechanized processes.
2) It describes the key components in manufacturing as materials, processes, and production systems used to transform materials into higher value products.
3) It outlines some important types of manufacturing industries and products like capital goods, consumer goods, and how manufacturing adds technological and economic value.
The document provides an overview of manufacturing, including:
1. Manufacturing transforms raw materials into products through processes and adds economic value.
2. There are three main material types - metals, ceramics, and polymers - that influence manufacturing processes.
3. Manufacturing processes are divided into shaping operations, property-enhancing operations, and surface processing operations. These include casting, particulate processing, deformation, and material removal.
1. The document discusses manufacturing processes and production systems. It defines manufacturing and describes the main materials, processing operations like shaping and assembly, and production facilities for different quantity levels.
2. Production systems include both production facilities like job shops, batch production, and flow lines, as well as manufacturing support systems comprising departments for engineering, planning, and quality control.
3. The key materials used in manufacturing are metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites, and common processing operations change the geometry, properties or surface of parts through techniques such as casting, forming, machining, and joining. Production facilities are tailored to production quantities from low to high volume.
This document provides an overview of a Manufacturing Processes course. It introduces the instructor, teaching assistant, required textbook, course website, learning outcomes, student outcomes, grading policy, and course schedule. The course will cover topics such as casting, metalworking, machining, welding, polymer processing, CNC technology, and production planning. Students will learn about manufacturing processes, materials, and systems through lectures, assignments, quizzes, and laboratory work.
This document provides an overview of manufacturing processes. It defines manufacturing as the application of physical and chemical processes to materials in order to create useful products. Manufacturing is important both technologically and economically, as it provides society with necessary goods and supports economic growth. The document outlines various primary, secondary and tertiary industries. It also discusses different manufacturing processes like casting, forming, machining, and joining, and how they are applied based on the type of material and production quantity.
The document provides an overview of various manufacturing topics including types of welding, sheet metal working, mechanical assembly, shaping processes for plastics, and recommended manufacturing books. It discusses welding techniques like SMAW, GMAW, and GTAW. Other topics covered include defects, quality inspection, brazing, soldering, cutting, bending, presses, and fastening methods. Manufacturing processes for metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites are defined. The document also discusses production systems for low, medium, and high quantity manufacturing.
Ch1 introduction Erdi Karaçal Mechanical Engineer University of GaziantepErdi Karaçal
Manufacturing involves applying physical or chemical processes to alter the form of materials. It can be defined technologically as altering geometry, properties, or appearance of a starting material. Economically, it is transforming materials into items of greater value through processing or assembly. Common production types include continuous, mass/flowline, batch, and one-off. The document discusses various manufacturing processes, production systems, and layouts. It provides an overview of key concepts in manufacturing and production.
This document provides an introduction to manufacturing processes. It defines manufacturing as a sequence of operations that converts raw materials into finished products. Manufacturing processes are classified into primary shaping, deforming, machining, surface finishing, joining, and material property modification. Examples of processes in each category are described along with schematic illustrations. The document also discusses the technological and economic considerations of manufacturing from the perspectives of applying physical/chemical processes and adding value through processing.
The document provides an overview of manufacturing, including:
1) It defines manufacturing as the process of converting raw materials into finished goods through mechanized processes.
2) It describes the key components in manufacturing as materials, processes, and production systems used to transform materials into higher value products.
3) It outlines some important types of manufacturing industries and products like capital goods, consumer goods, and how manufacturing adds technological and economic value.
The document provides an overview of manufacturing, including:
1. Manufacturing transforms raw materials into products through processes and adds economic value.
2. There are three main material types - metals, ceramics, and polymers - that influence manufacturing processes.
3. Manufacturing processes are divided into shaping operations, property-enhancing operations, and surface processing operations. These include casting, particulate processing, deformation, and material removal.
1. The document discusses manufacturing processes and production systems. It defines manufacturing and describes the main materials, processing operations like shaping and assembly, and production facilities for different quantity levels.
2. Production systems include both production facilities like job shops, batch production, and flow lines, as well as manufacturing support systems comprising departments for engineering, planning, and quality control.
3. The key materials used in manufacturing are metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites, and common processing operations change the geometry, properties or surface of parts through techniques such as casting, forming, machining, and joining. Production facilities are tailored to production quantities from low to high volume.
This document provides an overview of a Manufacturing Processes course. It introduces the instructor, teaching assistant, required textbook, course website, learning outcomes, student outcomes, grading policy, and course schedule. The course will cover topics such as casting, metalworking, machining, welding, polymer processing, CNC technology, and production planning. Students will learn about manufacturing processes, materials, and systems through lectures, assignments, quizzes, and laboratory work.
This document provides an overview of manufacturing processes. It defines manufacturing as the application of physical and chemical processes to materials in order to create useful products. Manufacturing is important both technologically and economically, as it provides society with necessary goods and supports economic growth. The document outlines various primary, secondary and tertiary industries. It also discusses different manufacturing processes like casting, forming, machining, and joining, and how they are applied based on the type of material and production quantity.
The document provides an overview of various manufacturing topics including types of welding, sheet metal working, mechanical assembly, shaping processes for plastics, and recommended manufacturing books. It discusses welding techniques like SMAW, GMAW, and GTAW. Other topics covered include defects, quality inspection, brazing, soldering, cutting, bending, presses, and fastening methods. Manufacturing processes for metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites are defined. The document also discusses production systems for low, medium, and high quantity manufacturing.
Ch1 introduction Erdi Karaçal Mechanical Engineer University of GaziantepErdi Karaçal
Manufacturing involves applying physical or chemical processes to alter the form of materials. It can be defined technologically as altering geometry, properties, or appearance of a starting material. Economically, it is transforming materials into items of greater value through processing or assembly. Common production types include continuous, mass/flowline, batch, and one-off. The document discusses various manufacturing processes, production systems, and layouts. It provides an overview of key concepts in manufacturing and production.
This document provides an introduction to manufacturing processes. It defines manufacturing as a sequence of operations that converts raw materials into finished products. Manufacturing processes are classified into primary shaping, deforming, machining, surface finishing, joining, and material property modification. Examples of processes in each category are described along with schematic illustrations. The document also discusses the technological and economic considerations of manufacturing from the perspectives of applying physical/chemical processes and adding value through processing.
This document provides an overview of the IPE 111 manufacturing processes course, including a classification and description of various manufacturing processes. It discusses machining processes like turning, drilling, and grinding. It also covers forming processes, molding, casting, and joining processes like welding. The syllabus outlines topics like the interaction of manufacturing processes with materials, machines, energy, labor, and tools. It lists reference books and defines manufacturing from both a technical and economic perspective.
CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS AND INDUSTRIAL MARKETING ENVIRONMENTmonirba2014
This document provides an overview of industrial products classification, the industrial marketing environment, and differences between industrial and consumer markets. It classifies industrial products into three broad groups: materials and parts, capital items, and supplies and services. It also describes the key elements of the industrial marketing environment, including buyers, sellers, publics, and macroeconomic factors. Finally, it outlines several key differences between industrial and consumer markets, such as fewer but larger buyers, more customized products, and an emphasis on personal selling in industrial markets versus mass promotion in consumer markets.
The document discusses different production systems used in manufacturing. It describes intermittent, batch, mass/flow and process production systems. For steel production, it explains the key methods which are blast furnaces, basic oxygen furnaces, and electric arc furnaces. Blast furnaces produce pig iron from iron ore, coke and limestone. Basic oxygen furnaces and electric arc furnaces convert pig iron into steel by injecting oxygen or an electric arc to reduce the carbon content. Continuous casting is also mentioned as the most economical method to produce steel on a large scale.
Solution Manual Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing 7th Edition - Mikell Gro...miladshayan1
This is a sample from "Solution Manual Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing 7th Edition - Mikell Groover".
Full Complete Solutions are available too.
I can send full complete Solution Manual for anyone who contact me on Em ail.
"Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing" by Mikell Groover is a widely used textbook in the field of manufacturing engineering. It covers a broad range of topics related to modern manufacturing processes, materials, and systems. The seventh edition, like its predecessors, likely provides updated information on manufacturing technologies, automation, computer-integrated manufacturing, and other relevant topics in the field.
The document provides an overview of manufacturing, including what manufacturing is, its technological and economic importance, key industries and products, and the main materials used. Manufacturing transforms materials into higher value products through processing and assembly. It is important technologically as it enables society's use of technology, and economically it represents 12% of the US GDP. The main materials used in manufacturing are metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites.
Manufacturing is the process of converting raw materials into products through various processes and operations. There are many manufacturing process options to consider such as casting, forming, machining, joining, and finishing. Key factors in choosing processes include the material, desired product geometry, production quantity, and product variety. Common manufacturing process examples for metals include casting, forming, machining, and joining. Plastics and composites can be molded, formed, machined, and joined. Production facilities are organized based on the production quantity and variety to efficiently manufacture products.
The document provides an overview of production and operations management. It discusses key concepts like mass production, specialization, mechanization, standardization, and assembly lines. It also covers different types of production systems like continuous vs intermittent processes, and how automation and robots are increasingly used in manufacturing. The goal of production is to efficiently convert inputs into finished goods and services while meeting quality standards.
Manufacturing is the backbone of industrialized nations and involves converting raw materials into finished goods using various processes. This document outlines the scope and importance of manufacturing engineering, including the key concepts involved like process planning and different production processes like casting, forming, machining, joining, and finishing. It discusses factors to consider when selecting a manufacturing process and provides examples of common metalworking and plastics processes like die casting, forging, extrusion, milling, and injection molding. The goal is to provide engineering students with theoretical and practical knowledge of manufacturing.
The document discusses industrial cities and their planning principles. It begins by defining industrial cities as urban areas that developed based on commercial production and manufacturing following the rise of industrial capitalism. It then discusses how industrial cities can be classified, including by their type of production (e.g. light, batch, mass production). The document also outlines key planning principles for industrial cities, such as determining land and labor needs, principles for efficient factory layout, and elements to include on factory sites like administration offices and employee facilities.
The document discusses factors that should be considered when planning the layout of a factory building. These factors include the manufacturing process, flexibility, expandability, service facilities, employee facilities, lighting, heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and other considerations like appearance, construction quality, security, and noise control. The layout must accommodate the specific manufacturing needs and allow for future expansion of the facility. Employee welfare factors like facilities, lighting, and ventilation are also important considerations.
Technical analysis involves examining the technical and engineering feasibility of a project. It aims to ensure all required inputs are available and facilitates optimal formulation in terms of technology, size, location, etc. Technical analysts believe historical stock and market performance can indicate future performance. They make decisions based on patterns of people's behavior rather than intrinsic product value. The document then discusses various technical aspects that must be analyzed for a manufacturing project, including manufacturing processes, appropriate technology, material inputs, product mix, plant capacity, location, machinery/equipment, structures, environmental impacts, project charts/layouts, and implementation schedules. It stresses the need to consider alternative approaches.
There are two categories of automation in production systems: 1) automation of manufacturing systems in the factory and 2) computerization of manufacturing support systems. Automation involves applying mechanical, electronic, and computer-based systems to operate and control production. Examples of automated manufacturing systems include automated machine tools, transfer lines, assembly systems, robots, and material handling systems. Computerized support systems integrate computer-aided design, manufacturing, and business functions.
This document discusses basic manufacturing processes. It defines manufacturing as converting raw materials into products through processes like casting, forging, welding, and machining. The three main stages of producing a machined part are rough forming, finishing, and assembling. Common manufacturing materials include metals, plastics, and inorganic materials. Metals can be ferrous (containing iron) or nonferrous. Plastics processing methods include extrusion, blow molding, injection molding and thermoforming. CAD/CAM allows computer-controlled manufacturing from digital designs. Precision measuring tools for manufacturing include steel rulers, vernier calipers, and dial calipers.
This document discusses basic manufacturing processes. It defines manufacturing as converting raw materials into products through processes like casting, forging, welding, and machining. The three main stages of producing a machined part are rough forming, finishing, and assembling. Common manufacturing materials include metals, plastics, and inorganic materials. Metals can be ferrous (containing iron) or nonferrous. Plastics processing methods include extrusion, blow molding, injection molding and thermoforming. CAD/CAM allows computer-controlled manufacturing from digital designs. Precision measuring tools for manufacturing include steel rulers, vernier calipers, and dial calipers.
This document discusses basic manufacturing processes. It defines manufacturing as converting raw materials into products through processes like casting, forging, welding, and machining. The three main stages of producing a machined part are rough forming, finishing, and assembling. Common manufacturing materials include metals, plastics, and inorganic materials. The document also outlines production methods for these materials like casting, forging, welding, plastic processing techniques, and CNC machining. It concludes by describing common measurement tools used in manufacturing like rulers, vernier calipers, and dial calipers.
This document discusses basic manufacturing processes. It defines manufacturing as converting raw materials into products through processes like casting, forging, welding, and machining. The three main stages of producing a machined part are rough forming, finishing, and assembling. Common manufacturing materials include metals, plastics, and inorganic materials. The document also outlines production methods for these materials like casting, forging, welding, plastic processing techniques, and CNC machining. Measurement tools for manufacturing like rulers, vernier calipers, and dial calipers are also introduced.
This document defines manufacturing and discusses related concepts. It can be summarized as:
1) Manufacturing is defined as applying physical or chemical processes to materials to alter their form, properties, or appearance in order to produce parts or products. It involves combining multiple parts through processes using tools, machinery, and labor.
2) Key concepts in manufacturing include production rate, capacity, utilization, lead time, work-in-progress, and the relationships between products, parts, and operations. Mathematical models are used to quantify concepts like number of products, parts, and operations.
3) Industries are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary. Manufacturing is in secondary industries and transforms raw materials into products through discrete
Advanced manufacturing is the production of complex machines through the application of new technologies and processes. It involves utilizing enabling technologies and innovative design and business processes to create novel, high value and competitive products efficiently. Advanced manufacturing is relative to a country's existing capabilities and involves upgrading processes and technologies at any stage of production. Understanding how global value chains are managed can provide insights into how countries can integrate into global manufacturing industries.
The document provides information about Ritik Chauhan's industrial training at Prince Pipes and Fittings in Haridwar from July 12th to August 4th 2023. It discusses the various manufacturing processes used at Prince Pipes including injection molding, extrusion, CNC machining, and recycling. Injection molding is used to make plastic fittings using materials like PPR, CPVC, and UPVC. The extrusion process is used to make pipes from materials like PPR and HDPE. CNC lathes and electrical discharge machines are used for machining. The training helped Ritik learn about these processes and Prince Pipe's products.
This document outlines the course structure and content for DES 523: Materials and Fabrication Processes. The course covers 6 units that examine materials like metals, ceramics, glass and plastics as well as manufacturing processes. Additional topics include joining techniques, automation, product design principles, sustainable manufacturing, and an overview of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and their common uses. Lectures provide details on concurrent engineering, design for manufacturing, principles for economic production, and product lifecycles.
This document provides an overview of thermodynamics concepts including:
- The four laws of thermodynamics and what they assert about energy and its transformation.
- Systems, surroundings, boundaries, open and closed systems.
- Properties of systems including intensive, extensive, specific properties, and state properties.
- Equilibrium states, processes, cycles, and steady-flow processes.
- Temperature scales including Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin, and Rankine scales.
- Concepts related to pure substances including homogeneous substances, phases, and examples.
Chapter-2.pptxyear upon out upon hhhhhhhhteddiyfentaw
The document discusses the research process and provides details on key steps. It begins by explaining that research involves a series of linked stages that are usually presented linearly but are not always distinct. It then lists common stages as formulating the topic, reviewing literature, designing the study, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting findings. Subsequent sections provide more details on formulating the research problem, developing a research proposal, reviewing literature, research design, and other stages.
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This document provides an overview of the IPE 111 manufacturing processes course, including a classification and description of various manufacturing processes. It discusses machining processes like turning, drilling, and grinding. It also covers forming processes, molding, casting, and joining processes like welding. The syllabus outlines topics like the interaction of manufacturing processes with materials, machines, energy, labor, and tools. It lists reference books and defines manufacturing from both a technical and economic perspective.
CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS AND INDUSTRIAL MARKETING ENVIRONMENTmonirba2014
This document provides an overview of industrial products classification, the industrial marketing environment, and differences between industrial and consumer markets. It classifies industrial products into three broad groups: materials and parts, capital items, and supplies and services. It also describes the key elements of the industrial marketing environment, including buyers, sellers, publics, and macroeconomic factors. Finally, it outlines several key differences between industrial and consumer markets, such as fewer but larger buyers, more customized products, and an emphasis on personal selling in industrial markets versus mass promotion in consumer markets.
The document discusses different production systems used in manufacturing. It describes intermittent, batch, mass/flow and process production systems. For steel production, it explains the key methods which are blast furnaces, basic oxygen furnaces, and electric arc furnaces. Blast furnaces produce pig iron from iron ore, coke and limestone. Basic oxygen furnaces and electric arc furnaces convert pig iron into steel by injecting oxygen or an electric arc to reduce the carbon content. Continuous casting is also mentioned as the most economical method to produce steel on a large scale.
Solution Manual Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing 7th Edition - Mikell Gro...miladshayan1
This is a sample from "Solution Manual Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing 7th Edition - Mikell Groover".
Full Complete Solutions are available too.
I can send full complete Solution Manual for anyone who contact me on Em ail.
"Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing" by Mikell Groover is a widely used textbook in the field of manufacturing engineering. It covers a broad range of topics related to modern manufacturing processes, materials, and systems. The seventh edition, like its predecessors, likely provides updated information on manufacturing technologies, automation, computer-integrated manufacturing, and other relevant topics in the field.
The document provides an overview of manufacturing, including what manufacturing is, its technological and economic importance, key industries and products, and the main materials used. Manufacturing transforms materials into higher value products through processing and assembly. It is important technologically as it enables society's use of technology, and economically it represents 12% of the US GDP. The main materials used in manufacturing are metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites.
Manufacturing is the process of converting raw materials into products through various processes and operations. There are many manufacturing process options to consider such as casting, forming, machining, joining, and finishing. Key factors in choosing processes include the material, desired product geometry, production quantity, and product variety. Common manufacturing process examples for metals include casting, forming, machining, and joining. Plastics and composites can be molded, formed, machined, and joined. Production facilities are organized based on the production quantity and variety to efficiently manufacture products.
The document provides an overview of production and operations management. It discusses key concepts like mass production, specialization, mechanization, standardization, and assembly lines. It also covers different types of production systems like continuous vs intermittent processes, and how automation and robots are increasingly used in manufacturing. The goal of production is to efficiently convert inputs into finished goods and services while meeting quality standards.
Manufacturing is the backbone of industrialized nations and involves converting raw materials into finished goods using various processes. This document outlines the scope and importance of manufacturing engineering, including the key concepts involved like process planning and different production processes like casting, forming, machining, joining, and finishing. It discusses factors to consider when selecting a manufacturing process and provides examples of common metalworking and plastics processes like die casting, forging, extrusion, milling, and injection molding. The goal is to provide engineering students with theoretical and practical knowledge of manufacturing.
The document discusses industrial cities and their planning principles. It begins by defining industrial cities as urban areas that developed based on commercial production and manufacturing following the rise of industrial capitalism. It then discusses how industrial cities can be classified, including by their type of production (e.g. light, batch, mass production). The document also outlines key planning principles for industrial cities, such as determining land and labor needs, principles for efficient factory layout, and elements to include on factory sites like administration offices and employee facilities.
The document discusses factors that should be considered when planning the layout of a factory building. These factors include the manufacturing process, flexibility, expandability, service facilities, employee facilities, lighting, heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and other considerations like appearance, construction quality, security, and noise control. The layout must accommodate the specific manufacturing needs and allow for future expansion of the facility. Employee welfare factors like facilities, lighting, and ventilation are also important considerations.
Technical analysis involves examining the technical and engineering feasibility of a project. It aims to ensure all required inputs are available and facilitates optimal formulation in terms of technology, size, location, etc. Technical analysts believe historical stock and market performance can indicate future performance. They make decisions based on patterns of people's behavior rather than intrinsic product value. The document then discusses various technical aspects that must be analyzed for a manufacturing project, including manufacturing processes, appropriate technology, material inputs, product mix, plant capacity, location, machinery/equipment, structures, environmental impacts, project charts/layouts, and implementation schedules. It stresses the need to consider alternative approaches.
There are two categories of automation in production systems: 1) automation of manufacturing systems in the factory and 2) computerization of manufacturing support systems. Automation involves applying mechanical, electronic, and computer-based systems to operate and control production. Examples of automated manufacturing systems include automated machine tools, transfer lines, assembly systems, robots, and material handling systems. Computerized support systems integrate computer-aided design, manufacturing, and business functions.
This document discusses basic manufacturing processes. It defines manufacturing as converting raw materials into products through processes like casting, forging, welding, and machining. The three main stages of producing a machined part are rough forming, finishing, and assembling. Common manufacturing materials include metals, plastics, and inorganic materials. Metals can be ferrous (containing iron) or nonferrous. Plastics processing methods include extrusion, blow molding, injection molding and thermoforming. CAD/CAM allows computer-controlled manufacturing from digital designs. Precision measuring tools for manufacturing include steel rulers, vernier calipers, and dial calipers.
This document discusses basic manufacturing processes. It defines manufacturing as converting raw materials into products through processes like casting, forging, welding, and machining. The three main stages of producing a machined part are rough forming, finishing, and assembling. Common manufacturing materials include metals, plastics, and inorganic materials. Metals can be ferrous (containing iron) or nonferrous. Plastics processing methods include extrusion, blow molding, injection molding and thermoforming. CAD/CAM allows computer-controlled manufacturing from digital designs. Precision measuring tools for manufacturing include steel rulers, vernier calipers, and dial calipers.
This document discusses basic manufacturing processes. It defines manufacturing as converting raw materials into products through processes like casting, forging, welding, and machining. The three main stages of producing a machined part are rough forming, finishing, and assembling. Common manufacturing materials include metals, plastics, and inorganic materials. The document also outlines production methods for these materials like casting, forging, welding, plastic processing techniques, and CNC machining. It concludes by describing common measurement tools used in manufacturing like rulers, vernier calipers, and dial calipers.
This document discusses basic manufacturing processes. It defines manufacturing as converting raw materials into products through processes like casting, forging, welding, and machining. The three main stages of producing a machined part are rough forming, finishing, and assembling. Common manufacturing materials include metals, plastics, and inorganic materials. The document also outlines production methods for these materials like casting, forging, welding, plastic processing techniques, and CNC machining. Measurement tools for manufacturing like rulers, vernier calipers, and dial calipers are also introduced.
This document defines manufacturing and discusses related concepts. It can be summarized as:
1) Manufacturing is defined as applying physical or chemical processes to materials to alter their form, properties, or appearance in order to produce parts or products. It involves combining multiple parts through processes using tools, machinery, and labor.
2) Key concepts in manufacturing include production rate, capacity, utilization, lead time, work-in-progress, and the relationships between products, parts, and operations. Mathematical models are used to quantify concepts like number of products, parts, and operations.
3) Industries are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary. Manufacturing is in secondary industries and transforms raw materials into products through discrete
Advanced manufacturing is the production of complex machines through the application of new technologies and processes. It involves utilizing enabling technologies and innovative design and business processes to create novel, high value and competitive products efficiently. Advanced manufacturing is relative to a country's existing capabilities and involves upgrading processes and technologies at any stage of production. Understanding how global value chains are managed can provide insights into how countries can integrate into global manufacturing industries.
The document provides information about Ritik Chauhan's industrial training at Prince Pipes and Fittings in Haridwar from July 12th to August 4th 2023. It discusses the various manufacturing processes used at Prince Pipes including injection molding, extrusion, CNC machining, and recycling. Injection molding is used to make plastic fittings using materials like PPR, CPVC, and UPVC. The extrusion process is used to make pipes from materials like PPR and HDPE. CNC lathes and electrical discharge machines are used for machining. The training helped Ritik learn about these processes and Prince Pipe's products.
This document outlines the course structure and content for DES 523: Materials and Fabrication Processes. The course covers 6 units that examine materials like metals, ceramics, glass and plastics as well as manufacturing processes. Additional topics include joining techniques, automation, product design principles, sustainable manufacturing, and an overview of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and their common uses. Lectures provide details on concurrent engineering, design for manufacturing, principles for economic production, and product lifecycles.
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This document provides an overview of thermodynamics concepts including:
- The four laws of thermodynamics and what they assert about energy and its transformation.
- Systems, surroundings, boundaries, open and closed systems.
- Properties of systems including intensive, extensive, specific properties, and state properties.
- Equilibrium states, processes, cycles, and steady-flow processes.
- Temperature scales including Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin, and Rankine scales.
- Concepts related to pure substances including homogeneous substances, phases, and examples.
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The document discusses the research process and provides details on key steps. It begins by explaining that research involves a series of linked stages that are usually presented linearly but are not always distinct. It then lists common stages as formulating the topic, reviewing literature, designing the study, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting findings. Subsequent sections provide more details on formulating the research problem, developing a research proposal, reviewing literature, research design, and other stages.
Material management refers to the planning, organizing, and control of materials from procurement to consumption. It aims to ensure the right materials are available in the necessary quantities and at the lowest cost. Material management involves functions like materials planning, purchasing, inventory control, and disposal. The overall objectives are to minimize costs, maintain adequate inventory levels, and ensure continuity of supply while meeting quality standards. An effective material management system is crucial for efficient operations and optimal resource utilization within an organization.
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Transducers are devices that convert one form of energy into another. They are often called the "heart" of instrumentation systems because they convert physical quantities into electrical signals that can be measured. There are several types of transducers classified by their operating principle, measured quantity, energy source, or application. All transducers have three basic elements - a sensor that detects the physical quantity, a signal conditioning unit that converts the sensor output into an electrical signal, and a data representation device that presents the measurement to the user. Common transducers include thermocouples for temperature, strain gauges for force, and LVDTs for displacement.
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The document discusses six main steel manufacturing processes: Bessemer, open hearth, Linz-Donawitz (LD), basic oxygen furnace (BOF), electric arc furnace, and induction furnace. It provides details on the equipment, materials, and basic steps used in each process. The Bessemer process was an early technique using air to oxidize impurities, while open hearth involves preheating gases in regenerators. Modern processes like BOF and electric arc furnace use oxygen jets and electric arcs to melt scrap and refine alloys. The document also classifies iron and carbon alloys into irons, steels, and cast iron based on carbon content and applications.
The document discusses corrosion, its economic impact, and various types of corrosion. It states that corrosion is the deterioration of materials through electrochemical and environmental factors. The annual cost of corrosion in the US is estimated to be $276 billion or 3.2% of GDP. Common types of corrosion include uniform corrosion, pitting corrosion, galvanic corrosion, crevice corrosion, and concentration cell corrosion. The document also discusses corrosion immunity, protective coatings like painting and plating, and typical corrosion rates for unprotected low-carbon steel in different environments.
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This document provides an overview of an introductory course on mechanical engineering. It aims to explain the type of work mechanical engineers do, the courses required to earn a degree in the field, and potential career opportunities. The content covers the philosophy of science and engineering, an introduction to engineering and mechanical engineering specifically. It discusses the differences and relationships between science and engineering, and explores what constitutes engineering knowledge.
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Arrays allow storing and accessing a collection of related data elements using a single variable name. An array variable contains multiple elements that can be accessed via an index. Strings in C++ are arrays of characters that end with a null terminator. This chapter discusses one and multi-dimensional arrays, initializing and accessing array elements, copying arrays, and basic string operations like input, output, concatenation and comparison in C++.
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1. 1. What is Manufacturing?
2. Materials in Manufacturing
3. Manufacturing Processes
4. Production Systems
5. Trends in Manufacturing
INTRODUCTION AND
OVERVIEW OF MANUFACTURING
2. 1
Manufacturing is Important
Making things has been an essential human
activity since before recorded history
Today, the term manufacturing is used for this
activity
Manufacturing is important to both developed and
developing nations
Technologically
Economically
3. 2
Technological Importance
Technology - the application of science to provide
society and its members with those things that are
needed or desired
Technology provides the products that help our
society and its members live better
What do these products have in common?
They are all manufactured
Manufacturing is the essential factor that makes
technology possible
4. 3
1. What is Manufacturing?
The word manufacture is derived from two Latin
words manus (hand) and factus (make); the
combination means “made by hand”
“Made by hand” accurately described the fabrication
methods that were used when the English word
“manufacture” was first coined around 1567 A.D.
Most modern manufacturing operations are
accomplished by mechanized and automated
equipment that is supervised by human workers
5. 4
Manufacturing - Technological
Application of physical and chemical processes to
alter the geometry, properties, and/or appearance of
a starting material to make parts or products
6. 5
Manufacturing - Economic
Transformation of materials into items of greater value
by one or more processing and/or assembly operations
7. 6
Manufacturing Industries
Industry consists of enterprises and organizations that
produce or supply goods and services
Industries can be classified as:
1. Primary industries - cultivate and exploit natural
resources, e.g., agriculture, mining
2. Secondary industries - take the outputs of primary
industries and convert them into consumer and
capital goods
3. Tertiary industries - service sector
9. 8
Manufacturing Industries -
continued
Secondary industries include manufacturing,
construction, and electric power generation
Manufacturing includes several industries whose
products are not covered in this book; e.g., apparel,
beverages, chemicals, and food processing
For our purposes, manufacturing means
production of hardware
Nuts and bolts, forgings, cars, airplanes, digital
computers, plastic parts, and ceramic products
10. 9
Manufactured Products
Final products divide into two major classes:
1. Consumer goods - products purchased directly by
consumers
Cars, clothes, TVs, tennis rackets
2. Capital goods - those purchased by companies to
produce goods and/or provide services
Aircraft, computers, communication
equipment, medical apparatus, trucks,
machine tools, construction equipment
11. 10
Production Quantity Q
The quantity of products Q made by a factory has an
important influence on the way its people, facilities, and
procedures are organized
Annual quantities can be classified into three ranges:
Production range Annual Quantity Q
Low production 1 to 100 units
Medium production 100 to 10,000 units
High production 10,000 to millions of units
12. 11
Product Variety P
Product variety P refers to different product types or
models produced in the plant
Different products have different features
They are intended for different markets
Some have more parts than others
The number of different product types made each
year in a factory can be counted
When the number of product types made in the
factory is high, this indicates high product variety
14. 13
More About Product Variety
Although P is quantitative, it is much less exact than Q
because details on how much the designs differ is not
captured simply by the number of different designs
Soft product variety - small differences between
products, e.g., between car models made on the same
production line, with many common parts
Hard product variety - products differ substantially,
e.g., between a small car and a large truck, with few
common parts (if any)
15. 14
Manufacturing Capability
A manufacturing plant consists of processes and
systems (and people) to transform a certain limited
range of materials into products of increased value
Manufacturing capability includes:
1. Technological processing capability
2. Physical product limitations
3. Production capacity
16. 15
i. Technological Processing
Capability
The set of available manufacturing processes in the plant
(or company)
Certain manufacturing processes are suited to certain
materials, so by specializing in certain processes, the
plant is also specializing in certain materials
Includes not only the physical processes, but also the
expertise of the plant personnel
A machine shop cannot roll steel
A steel mill cannot build cars
17. 16
ii. Physical Product Limitations
Given a plant with a certain set of processes, there are
size and weight limitations on the parts or products that
can be made in the plant
Product size and weight affect:
Production equipment
Material handling equipment
Production, material handling equipment, and plant
size must be planned for products that lie within a
certain size and weight range
18. 17
iii. Production Capacity
Defined as the maximum quantity that a plant can
produce in a given time period (e.g., month or year)
under assumed operating conditions
Operating conditions refer to number of shifts per
week, hours per shift, direct labor manning levels in
the plant, and so on
Usually measured in terms of output units, such as
tons of steel or number of cars produced by the plant
Also called plant capacity
19. 18
2. Materials in Manufacturing
Most engineering materials can be classified into one
of three basic categories:
1. Metals
2. Ceramics
3. Polymers
Their chemistries are different, and their mechanical
and physical properties are different
These differences affect the manufacturing processes
that can be used to produce products from them
20. 19
In Addition: Composites
Venn diagram of
three basic
material types
plus composites
Nonhomogeneous mixtures of the other three basic
types rather than a unique category
21. 20
a. Metals
Usually alloys, which are composed of two or more
elements, at least one of which is metallic. Two basic
groups:
1. Ferrous metals - based on iron, comprises about
75% of metal tonnage in the world:
Steel and cast iron
2. Nonferrous metals - all other metallic elements
and their alloys:
Aluminum, copper, nickel, silver, tin, etc.
23. 22
b. Ceramics
Compounds containing metallic (or semi-metallic) and
nonmetallic elements.
Typical nonmetallic elements are oxygen, nitrogen,
and carbon
For processing, ceramics divide into:
1. Crystalline ceramics – includes:
Traditional ceramics, such as clay, and modern
ceramics, such as alumina (Al2O3)
2. Glasses – mostly based on silica (SiO2)
24. 23
c. Polymers
Compound formed of repeating structural units called
mers, whose atoms share electrons to form very large
molecules. Three categories:
1. Thermoplastic polymers - can be subjected to
multiple heating and cooling cycles without altering
molecular structure
2. Thermosetting polymers - molecules chemically
transform into a rigid structure – cannot reheat
3. Elastomers - shows significant elastic behavior
25. 24
d. Composites
Material consisting of two or more phases that are
processed separately and then bonded together to
achieve properties superior to its constituents
Phase - homogeneous mass of material, such as
grains of identical unit cell structure in a solid metal
Usual structure consists of particles or fibers of one
phase mixed in a second phase
Properties depend on components, physical shapes
of components, and the way they are combined to
form the final material
26. 25
3. Manufacturing Processes
Two basic types:
1. Processing operations - transform a work material
from one state of completion to a more advanced
state
Operations that change the geometry, properties,
or appearance of the starting material
2. Assembly operations - join two or more components to
create a new entity
28. 27
Processing Operations
Alters a material’s shape, physical properties, or
appearance in order to add value
Three categories of processing operations:
1. Shaping operations - alter the geometry of the
starting work material
2. Property-enhancing operations - improve
physical properties without changing shape
3. Surface processing operations - clean, treat,
coat, or deposit material on surface of work
29. 28
Shaping Processes – Four
Categories
1. Solidification processes - starting material is a heated
liquid or semifluid
2. Particulate processing - starting material consists of
powders
3. Deformation processes - starting material is a ductile
solid (commonly metal)
4. Material removal processes - starting material is a
ductile or brittle solid
30. 29
Solidification Processes
Starting material is heated sufficiently to transform it
into a liquid or highly plastic state
Casting process at left and casting product at right
32. 31
Deformation Processes
Starting workpart is shaped by application of forces
that exceed the yield strength of the material
Examples: (a) forging and (b) extrusion
33. 32
Material Removal Processes
Excess material removed from the starting piece so what
remains is the desired geometry
Examples: (a) turning, (b) drilling, and (c) milling
34. 33
Metal chips fly in a high
speed turning operation
performed on a computer
numerical control turning
center (photo courtesy of
Cincinnati Milacron).
35. 34
Waste in Shaping Processes
It is desirable to minimize waste in part shaping
Material removal processes are wasteful in the unit
operations, but molding and particulate processing
operations waste little material
Terminology for minimum waste processes:
Net shape processes - little or no waste of the
starting material and no machining is required
Near net shape processes - when minimum
machining is required
36. 35
Property-Enhancing Processes
Processes that improve mechanical or physical
properties of work material
Examples:
Heat treatment of metals and glasses
Sintering of powdered metals and ceramics
Part shape is not altered, except unintentionally
Example: unintentional warping of a heat treated
part
37. 36
A batch of silicon wafers enters a furnace heated to
1000°C (1800°F) during fabrication of integrated
circuits under clean room conditions (photo courtesy
of Intel Corporation).
38. 37
Surface Processing Operations
Cleaning - chemical and mechanical processes to
remove dirt, oil, and other surface contaminants
Surface treatments - mechanical working such as
sand blasting, and physical processes like diffusion
Coating and thin film deposition - coating exterior
surface of the workpart. Examples:
Electroplating
Physical vapor deposition
Painting
39. 38
Photomicrograph of the cross section of multiple
coatings of titanium nitride and aluminum oxide on
a cemented carbide substrate (photo courtesy of
Kennametal Inc.).
40. 39
Assembly Operations
Two or more separate parts are joined to form a new
entity
Types of assembly operations:
1. Joining processes – create a permanent joint
Welding, brazing, soldering, adhesive bonding
2. Mechanical assembly – fastening by mechanical
methods
Threaded fasteners (screws, bolts and nuts);
press fitting, expansion fits
41. 40
Two welders perform
arc welding on a
large steel pipe
section (photo
courtesy of Lincoln
Electric Company).
43. 42
4. Production Machines and
Tooling
Manufacturing operations are accomplished using
machinery and tooling (and people)
Types of production machines:
Machine tools - power-driven machines used to
operate cutting tools previously operated manually
Other production equipment:
Presses
Forge hammers,
Plastic injection molding machines
44. 43
A robotic arm performs
unloading and loading
operation in a turning
center using a dual
gripper (photo courtesy
of Cincinnati Milacron).
45. 44
5. Production Systems
People, equipment, and procedures used for the materials
and processes that constitute a firm's manufacturing
operations
A manufacturing firm must have systems and
procedures to efficiently accomplish its production
Two categories of production systems:
Production facilities
Manufacturing support systems
People make the systems work
46. i. Production Facilities
The factory, production equipment, and material
handling systems
Includes the way the equipment is arranged in the
factory - the plant layout
Equipment usually organized into logical groupings,
called manufacturing systems. Examples:
Automated production line
Machine cell consisting of an industrial robot and
two machine tools
Production facilities "touch" the product
48. 46
Facilities vs Product Quantities
A company designs its manufacturing systems and
organizes its factories to serve the particular mission
of each plant
Certain types of production facilities are recognized as
most appropriate for a given type of manufacturing:
1. Low production – 1 to 100
2. Medium production – 100 to 10,000
3. High production – 10,000 to >1,000,000
49. 47
Low Production
Job shop is the term used for this type of production
facility
A job shop makes low quantities of specialized and
customized products
Products are typically complex, e.g., space
capsules, prototype aircraft, special machinery
Equipment in a job shop is general purpose
Labor force is highly skilled
Designed for maximum flexibility
51. 49
Medium Production
Two different types of facility, depending on product
variety:
Batch production
Suited to medium and hard product variety
Setups required between batches
Cellular manufacturing
Suited to soft product variety
Worker cells organized to process parts without
setups between different part styles
54. 52
High Production
Often referred to as mass production
High demand for product
Manufacturing system dedicated to the
production of that product
Two categories of mass production:
1. Quantity production
2. Flow line production
55. 53
Quantity Production
Mass production of single parts on single machine or
small numbers of machines
Typically involves standard machines equipped with
special tooling
Equipment is dedicated full-time to the production of
one part or product type
Typical layouts used in quantity production are
process layout and cellular layout
56. 54
Flow Line Production
Multiple machines or workstations arranged in
sequence, e.g., production lines
Product is complex
Requires multiple processing and/or assembly
operations
Work units are physically moved through the
sequence to complete the product
Workstations and equipment are designed
specifically for the product to maximize efficiency
59. 57
Manufacturing Support Systems
A company must organize itself to design the
processes and equipment, plan and control
production, and satisfy product quality requirements
Accomplished by manufacturing support systems
The people and procedures by which a
company manages its production operations
Typical departments:
Manufacturing engineering, Production
planning and control, Quality control
60. 58
6. Trends in Manufacturing
Lean production and Six Sigma
Globalization and outsourcing
Environmentally conscious manufacturing
Micro fabrication and Nanotechnology
61. 59
Lean Production and Six Sigma
Lean production
Doing more work with fewer resources, yet
achieving higher quality in the final product
Underlying objective: elimination of waste in
manufacturing
Six Sigma
Quality-focused program that utilizes worker
teams to accomplish projects aimed at improving
an organization’s organizational performance
62. 60
Globalization
The recognition that we have an international economy in
which barriers once established by national boundaries
have been reduced
This has enabled the freer flow of goods and services,
capital, technology, and people among regions and
countries
Once underdeveloped countries such as China, India,
and Mexico have developed their manufacturing
infrastructures and technologies so that they are now
important producers in the global economy
63. 61
Outsourcing
Use of outside contractors to perform work that was
traditionally accomplished in-house
Local outsourcing
Jobs remain in the U.S.
Outsourcing to foreign countries
Offshore outsourcing - production in China and
other overseas locations
Near-shore outsourcing - production in Canada,
Mexico, and Central America
64. 62
Environmentally Conscious
Manufacturing
Determining the most efficient use of materials and
natural resources in production, and minimizing the
negative consequences on the environment
Associated terms: green manufacturing, cleaner
production, sustainable manufacturing
Basic approaches:
1. Design products that minimize environmental
impact
2. Design processes that are environmentally
friendly
65. 63
Microfabrication and
Nanotechnology
Microfabrication
Processes that make parts and products whose
feature sizes are in the micron range (10-6 m)
Examples: Ink-jet printing heads, compact disks,
microsensors used in automobiles
Nanotechnology
Materials and products whose feature sizes are in
the nanometer range (10-9 m)
Examples: Coatings for catalytic converters, flat
screen TV monitors