The document discusses the properties of matter including mass, volume, and states of matter. It defines matter as anything that has mass and volume, and provides examples like tables, chairs, water, and air. It describes tools for measuring mass like balances and volume like graduated cylinders. The units of measurement are grams, kilograms, and liters. Common states of matter are solids, liquids, and gases which are distinguished by the arrangement of particles and strength of attraction forces between them. Changes in states, like melting, evaporation, condensation, and freezing occur when matter is heated or cooled.