This document discusses various data types in programming languages. It begins by introducing fundamental concepts like data types, descriptors, and objects. It then covers primitive data types like integers, floats, characters, and more. It also discusses user-defined types like enumerated types, subrange types, arrays, records, tuples, lists, and unions. For each type, it discusses design considerations and implementation details. It provides examples from many popular languages to illustrate how different languages approach each data type.
This document provides an overview of different data types in programming languages. It discusses primitive data types like integers, floating point numbers, Booleans, characters and strings. It also covers user-defined types like enumerated types, subrange types, arrays, associative arrays and records. For each type, it describes common design considerations, examples from different languages, and how they are typically implemented.
This document discusses different data types in programming languages. It covers primitive data types like integers, floats, decimals, booleans and characters. It also discusses string types, user-defined types like enumerations and subranges, and array types. For each type it describes common implementations in languages and considerations in their design.
The document discusses different data types in programming languages including primitive, character string, enumeration, array, and other types. It provides details on each type, such as what they are, common operations, and design considerations. Array types are discussed in depth, covering topics like indexing, binding, initialization, dimensionality, and whether elements must be of the same type. Implementation details are also presented for different data types.
This document discusses different data types in programming languages. It begins by introducing primitive data types like integers, floating point numbers, decimals, Booleans, and characters. It then covers string types, describing how they are implemented in different languages like C, Java, and SNOBOL4. The document also discusses user-defined types and structured types like arrays and records. It provides details on key topics related to data types, including type operators, descriptors, objects, and design issues around operations and representation.
The document discusses various primitive data types including integer, floating point, decimal, boolean, character, and string types. It covers the implementation and design considerations of these types in different programming languages such as C, C++, Java, and C#. Enumeration types are also introduced as user-defined ordinal types.
This document discusses various data types in programming languages including primitive, string, array, record, union, and pointer types. It provides details on how each type is defined and implemented in different languages. Primitive types include integers, floats, decimals, booleans, characters. Strings can have static or dynamic lengths. Arrays can be static, dynamic and allow various index types and initialization. Records group heterogeneous data under field names. Unions allow storing different types in a variable. Pointers provide indirect addressing but require careful use to avoid dangling references.
5 Names, bindings,Typechecking and ScopesMunawar Ahmed
This document discusses key concepts related to names, bindings, type checking, and scopes in programming languages. It covers topics like the design of names, variables and their attributes, different types of bindings and when they occur, strong vs weak typing, type equivalence, static and dynamic scopes, and the use of constants. It provides examples from various languages to illustrate these concepts.
This document discusses data types, expressions, and assignment statements in programming languages. It covers:
- Primitive data types like integers, floats, Booleans provided by most languages. Character strings can be primitive or arrays.
- User-defined types like enumerations and subranges. Array types can be static, dynamic, or have different index types. Unions and pointers/references are also covered.
- Expressions involve operators, operands, and evaluation order. Operator overloading and type conversions are design considerations.
- Assignment statements use operators like = and := to change variable values. Compound and unary operators provide shorthand. Assignment can produce results used as expressions in some languages.
This document provides an overview of different data types in programming languages. It discusses primitive data types like integers, floating point numbers, Booleans, characters and strings. It also covers user-defined types like enumerated types, subrange types, arrays, associative arrays and records. For each type, it describes common design considerations, examples from different languages, and how they are typically implemented.
This document discusses different data types in programming languages. It covers primitive data types like integers, floats, decimals, booleans and characters. It also discusses string types, user-defined types like enumerations and subranges, and array types. For each type it describes common implementations in languages and considerations in their design.
The document discusses different data types in programming languages including primitive, character string, enumeration, array, and other types. It provides details on each type, such as what they are, common operations, and design considerations. Array types are discussed in depth, covering topics like indexing, binding, initialization, dimensionality, and whether elements must be of the same type. Implementation details are also presented for different data types.
This document discusses different data types in programming languages. It begins by introducing primitive data types like integers, floating point numbers, decimals, Booleans, and characters. It then covers string types, describing how they are implemented in different languages like C, Java, and SNOBOL4. The document also discusses user-defined types and structured types like arrays and records. It provides details on key topics related to data types, including type operators, descriptors, objects, and design issues around operations and representation.
The document discusses various primitive data types including integer, floating point, decimal, boolean, character, and string types. It covers the implementation and design considerations of these types in different programming languages such as C, C++, Java, and C#. Enumeration types are also introduced as user-defined ordinal types.
This document discusses various data types in programming languages including primitive, string, array, record, union, and pointer types. It provides details on how each type is defined and implemented in different languages. Primitive types include integers, floats, decimals, booleans, characters. Strings can have static or dynamic lengths. Arrays can be static, dynamic and allow various index types and initialization. Records group heterogeneous data under field names. Unions allow storing different types in a variable. Pointers provide indirect addressing but require careful use to avoid dangling references.
5 Names, bindings,Typechecking and ScopesMunawar Ahmed
This document discusses key concepts related to names, bindings, type checking, and scopes in programming languages. It covers topics like the design of names, variables and their attributes, different types of bindings and when they occur, strong vs weak typing, type equivalence, static and dynamic scopes, and the use of constants. It provides examples from various languages to illustrate these concepts.
This document discusses data types, expressions, and assignment statements in programming languages. It covers:
- Primitive data types like integers, floats, Booleans provided by most languages. Character strings can be primitive or arrays.
- User-defined types like enumerations and subranges. Array types can be static, dynamic, or have different index types. Unions and pointers/references are also covered.
- Expressions involve operators, operands, and evaluation order. Operator overloading and type conversions are design considerations.
- Assignment statements use operators like = and := to change variable values. Compound and unary operators provide shorthand. Assignment can produce results used as expressions in some languages.
This document describes a system for managing archival finding aids without using XSLT. It uses Ruby on Rails, MySQL, and SOLR to enable multiple presentations of data, support dynamic applications, and allow cross-collection search. Collections have components in a hierarchical structure. Descriptions are organized by ISAD(G) elements and stored in JSON format. EAD is used as a guide to structure data storage. An API facilitates interaction. A prototype public finding aid was created to demonstrate the system.
This document discusses different data types used in programming languages. It covers primitive data types implemented directly in hardware like integers and floating point numbers. It also discusses common composite types like strings, arrays, records, and enumerations. The document examines how various programming languages have implemented and extended these basic types over time to provide more powerful abstractions.
This document discusses different data types used in programming languages. It covers primitive data types implemented directly in hardware like integers and floating point numbers. It also discusses common composite types like strings, arrays, records, and enumerations. The document examines how various programming languages have implemented and extended these basic types over time to provide more powerful abstractions.
This document provides an overview of Apex and Force.com development. It covers Apex language basics, data types, collections, exceptions, asynchronous execution, database integration, triggers, debugging, limits, and unit testing. Key topics include the similarities between Apex and Java, SOQL, DML statements, polymorphism in Apex, and the requirements to deploy code changes to production.
The document provides an overview of the Java programming language and platform. It discusses the Java language basics including variables, operators, control flow statements, and primitive data types. It also covers object-oriented programming concepts, classes and objects, exceptions, and concurrency. Finally, it outlines the Java platform components including the Java Virtual Machine and Java API.
This document describes syntax and semantics for describing programming languages. It begins by introducing syntax as the form or structure of a language and semantics as the meaning. It then discusses formal methods for describing syntax, including context-free grammars (CFGs), Backus-Naur Form (BNF), derivations, parse trees, and ambiguity. Attribute grammars are introduced as a way to incorporate semantic information into CFGs. Operational and denotational semantics are discussed as approaches to formally describing the meaning of programs. Examples are provided for BNF syntax rules, derivations, attribute grammars, and a denotational semantics for expressions.
This document provides an overview of the Python programming language. It discusses what Python is, its key features, who uses it, common applications, and how to download and install Python. It then covers Python syntax concepts like identifiers, keywords, multiline statements, docstrings, indentation, comments, and string formatting. The document also introduces Python data types like numbers, strings, lists, tuples, dictionaries, sets and how to work with them. It describes how to convert between number types and access/update strings and lists. Finally, it discusses Python development environments like Anaconda and Spyder.
This document discusses different data types and type systems in programming languages. It covers:
1) Four approaches to defining data types - collection of values, internal structure, equivalence classes, and collections of operations. Most languages combine a structural and abstraction approach.
2) The purposes of types, including providing context and type checking to prevent meaningless operations. Strong and static typing are discussed.
3) Examples of type systems in different languages like Pascal, Java, C, and Python. Common type categories like discrete, scalar, composite, and pointers are also outlined.
4) Concepts related to type checking including equivalence, compatibility, inference, casting, coercion, records, variants, and arrays. Memory layout
This document discusses different data types, including primitive data types, strings, enumerated types, subrange types, and arrays. It describes the characteristics and design considerations of each type, provides examples in various programming languages, and discusses how each type is typically implemented. The key topics covered include the common primitive types like integer and floating point, static versus dynamic string lengths, enumeration syntax and usage, subrange constraints, array indexing and dimensions, and static versus dynamic array allocation.
Static abstract members nelle interfacce di C# 11 e dintorni di .NET 7.pptxMarco Parenzan
Did interfaces in C# need evolution? Maybe yes. Are they violating some fundamental principles? We see. Are we asking for some hoops? Let's see all this by telling a story (of code, of course)
C++ is an object-oriented programming language that is considered intermediate-level as it includes both high-level and low-level features. It was initially called 'C with Classes' but was renamed to C++ in 1983. C++ was created in the early 1980s at Bell Labs by Bjarne Stroustrup and is based on the C language. C++ is called an object-oriented language because it views problems in terms of objects rather than procedures. Key concepts of object-oriented programming in C++ include classes, objects, data abstraction, encapsulation, polymorphism, and inheritance.
This document provides information on Java programming concepts including classes, methods, variables, basic program structure, data types, arithmetic operators, and access modifiers. It defines conventions for naming classes, methods, and variables. It also explains the main method structure, use of comments, wrapper classes, and conditional operators.
1) Object oriented databases were developed to directly represent complex objects from emerging applications that could not be effectively modeled in the relational model. 2) Embedded SQL allows SQL queries to be embedded within a general purpose programming language to access and manipulate database objects. 3) Object oriented database management systems can be either pure object oriented programming languages with persistence or extend relational databases with object oriented features as defined in the SQL3 standard.
Object Oriented Database Management systems evolved to address the complex objects in emerging applications that could not be effectively represented in the relational model. ODBMSs provide a direct representation of objects to the database, overcoming the impedance mismatch between application data structures and the relational model. ODBMSs take two approaches - persistent object oriented programming languages that add persistence to programming language objects, and object-relational databases that extend relational databases with object features. The Object Database Management Group developed standards including an object model, query language, and language bindings to allow portability between ODBMS systems.
The document discusses the basics of Java programming, including Java translation, program structure, variables, data types, operators, and control structures. It explains that Java source code is compiled to bytecode, which is then interpreted to machine code. A Java program consists of classes containing methods. The mechanics of programming in Java involve writing source code, compiling it, executing the program, and fixing any errors.
This document provides an introduction and overview of PL/SQL. It discusses that PL/SQL is Oracle's procedural language extension for SQL and allows for transactions processing and block structuring. The document then covers various PL/SQL concepts like blocks, data types, control structures, variables and SQL operations within PL/SQL code.
Scala is a programming language that combines object-oriented and functional programming. It runs on the Java Virtual Machine and is designed to grow with user demands through libraries. Play 2.0 is a web application framework written in Scala that allows for rapid development through its Model-View-Controller architecture and local development server. Cloud Foundry is an open Platform as a Service that allows developers to easily deploy and scale applications, including those written in Scala and Play 2.0.
This document describes a system for managing archival finding aids without using XSLT. It uses Ruby on Rails, MySQL, and SOLR to enable multiple presentations of data, support dynamic applications, and allow cross-collection search. Collections have components in a hierarchical structure. Descriptions are organized by ISAD(G) elements and stored in JSON format. EAD is used as a guide to structure data storage. An API facilitates interaction. A prototype public finding aid was created to demonstrate the system.
This document discusses different data types used in programming languages. It covers primitive data types implemented directly in hardware like integers and floating point numbers. It also discusses common composite types like strings, arrays, records, and enumerations. The document examines how various programming languages have implemented and extended these basic types over time to provide more powerful abstractions.
This document discusses different data types used in programming languages. It covers primitive data types implemented directly in hardware like integers and floating point numbers. It also discusses common composite types like strings, arrays, records, and enumerations. The document examines how various programming languages have implemented and extended these basic types over time to provide more powerful abstractions.
This document provides an overview of Apex and Force.com development. It covers Apex language basics, data types, collections, exceptions, asynchronous execution, database integration, triggers, debugging, limits, and unit testing. Key topics include the similarities between Apex and Java, SOQL, DML statements, polymorphism in Apex, and the requirements to deploy code changes to production.
The document provides an overview of the Java programming language and platform. It discusses the Java language basics including variables, operators, control flow statements, and primitive data types. It also covers object-oriented programming concepts, classes and objects, exceptions, and concurrency. Finally, it outlines the Java platform components including the Java Virtual Machine and Java API.
This document describes syntax and semantics for describing programming languages. It begins by introducing syntax as the form or structure of a language and semantics as the meaning. It then discusses formal methods for describing syntax, including context-free grammars (CFGs), Backus-Naur Form (BNF), derivations, parse trees, and ambiguity. Attribute grammars are introduced as a way to incorporate semantic information into CFGs. Operational and denotational semantics are discussed as approaches to formally describing the meaning of programs. Examples are provided for BNF syntax rules, derivations, attribute grammars, and a denotational semantics for expressions.
This document provides an overview of the Python programming language. It discusses what Python is, its key features, who uses it, common applications, and how to download and install Python. It then covers Python syntax concepts like identifiers, keywords, multiline statements, docstrings, indentation, comments, and string formatting. The document also introduces Python data types like numbers, strings, lists, tuples, dictionaries, sets and how to work with them. It describes how to convert between number types and access/update strings and lists. Finally, it discusses Python development environments like Anaconda and Spyder.
This document discusses different data types and type systems in programming languages. It covers:
1) Four approaches to defining data types - collection of values, internal structure, equivalence classes, and collections of operations. Most languages combine a structural and abstraction approach.
2) The purposes of types, including providing context and type checking to prevent meaningless operations. Strong and static typing are discussed.
3) Examples of type systems in different languages like Pascal, Java, C, and Python. Common type categories like discrete, scalar, composite, and pointers are also outlined.
4) Concepts related to type checking including equivalence, compatibility, inference, casting, coercion, records, variants, and arrays. Memory layout
This document discusses different data types, including primitive data types, strings, enumerated types, subrange types, and arrays. It describes the characteristics and design considerations of each type, provides examples in various programming languages, and discusses how each type is typically implemented. The key topics covered include the common primitive types like integer and floating point, static versus dynamic string lengths, enumeration syntax and usage, subrange constraints, array indexing and dimensions, and static versus dynamic array allocation.
Static abstract members nelle interfacce di C# 11 e dintorni di .NET 7.pptxMarco Parenzan
Did interfaces in C# need evolution? Maybe yes. Are they violating some fundamental principles? We see. Are we asking for some hoops? Let's see all this by telling a story (of code, of course)
C++ is an object-oriented programming language that is considered intermediate-level as it includes both high-level and low-level features. It was initially called 'C with Classes' but was renamed to C++ in 1983. C++ was created in the early 1980s at Bell Labs by Bjarne Stroustrup and is based on the C language. C++ is called an object-oriented language because it views problems in terms of objects rather than procedures. Key concepts of object-oriented programming in C++ include classes, objects, data abstraction, encapsulation, polymorphism, and inheritance.
This document provides information on Java programming concepts including classes, methods, variables, basic program structure, data types, arithmetic operators, and access modifiers. It defines conventions for naming classes, methods, and variables. It also explains the main method structure, use of comments, wrapper classes, and conditional operators.
1) Object oriented databases were developed to directly represent complex objects from emerging applications that could not be effectively modeled in the relational model. 2) Embedded SQL allows SQL queries to be embedded within a general purpose programming language to access and manipulate database objects. 3) Object oriented database management systems can be either pure object oriented programming languages with persistence or extend relational databases with object oriented features as defined in the SQL3 standard.
Object Oriented Database Management systems evolved to address the complex objects in emerging applications that could not be effectively represented in the relational model. ODBMSs provide a direct representation of objects to the database, overcoming the impedance mismatch between application data structures and the relational model. ODBMSs take two approaches - persistent object oriented programming languages that add persistence to programming language objects, and object-relational databases that extend relational databases with object features. The Object Database Management Group developed standards including an object model, query language, and language bindings to allow portability between ODBMS systems.
The document discusses the basics of Java programming, including Java translation, program structure, variables, data types, operators, and control structures. It explains that Java source code is compiled to bytecode, which is then interpreted to machine code. A Java program consists of classes containing methods. The mechanics of programming in Java involve writing source code, compiling it, executing the program, and fixing any errors.
This document provides an introduction and overview of PL/SQL. It discusses that PL/SQL is Oracle's procedural language extension for SQL and allows for transactions processing and block structuring. The document then covers various PL/SQL concepts like blocks, data types, control structures, variables and SQL operations within PL/SQL code.
Scala is a programming language that combines object-oriented and functional programming. It runs on the Java Virtual Machine and is designed to grow with user demands through libraries. Play 2.0 is a web application framework written in Scala that allows for rapid development through its Model-View-Controller architecture and local development server. Cloud Foundry is an open Platform as a Service that allows developers to easily deploy and scale applications, including those written in Scala and Play 2.0.
Similar to ch6-Short.ppt eee cse www rrr www qqq rrr ttt (20)
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network